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2. Priorities for synthesis research in ecology and environmental science

Author

Halpern, Benjamin S, Boettiger, Carl, Dietze, Michael C, Gephart, Jessica A, Gonzalez, Patrick, Grimm, Nancy B, Groffman, Peter M, Gurevitch, Jessica, Hobbie, Sarah E, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Kroeker, Kristy J, Lahr, Heather J, Lodge, David M, Lortie, Christopher J, Lowndes, Julie SS, Micheli, Fiorenza, Possingham, Hugh P, Ruckelshaus, Mary H, Scarborough, Courtney, Wood, Chelsea L, Wu, Grace C, Aoyama, Lina, Arroyo, Eva E, Bahlai, Christie A, Beller, Erin E, Blake, Rachael E, Bork, Karrigan S, Branch, Trevor A, Brown, Norah EM, Brun, Julien, Bruna, Emilio M, Buckley, Lauren B, Burnett, Jessica L, Castorani, Max CN, Cheng, Samantha H, Cohen, Sarah C, Couture, Jessica L, Crowder, Larry B, Dee, Laura E, Dias, Arildo S, Diaz‐Maroto, Ignacio J, Downs, Martha R, Dudney, Joan C, Ellis, Erle C, Emery, Kyle A, Eurich, Jacob G, Ferriss, Bridget E, Fredston, Alexa, Furukawa, Hikaru, Gagné, Sara A, Garlick, Sarah R, Garroway, Colin J, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M, González, Angélica L, Grames, Eliza M, Guy‐Haim, Tamar, Hackett, Ed, Hallett, Lauren M, Harms, Tamara K, Haulsee, Danielle E, Haynes, Kyle J, Hazen, Elliott L, Jarvis, Rebecca M, Jones, Kristal, Kandlikar, Gaurav S, Kincaid, Dustin W, Knope, Matthew L, Koirala, Anil, Kolasa, Jurek, Kominoski, John S, Koricheva, Julia, Lancaster, Lesley T, Lawlor, Jake A, Lowman, Heili E, Muller‐Karger, Frank E, Norman, Kari EA, Nourn, Nan, O'Hara, Casey C, Ou, Suzanne X, Padilla‐Gamino, Jacqueline L, Pappalardo, Paula, Peek, Ryan A, Pelletier, Dominique, Plont, Stephen, Ponisio, Lauren C, Portales‐Reyes, Cristina, Provete, Diogo B, Raes, Eric J, Ramirez‐Reyes, Carlos, Ramos, Irene, Record, Sydne, Richardson, Anthony J, Salguero‐Gómez, Roberto, Satterthwaite, Erin V, Schmidt, Chloé, Schwartz, Aaron J, See, Craig R, Shea, Brendan D, Smith, Rachel S, and Sokol, Eric R

Subjects
complexity, coupled systems, diversity, ecological scale, justice, predictability, use-inspired science, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Zoology
Abstract

Synthesis research in ecology and environmental science improves understanding, advances theory, identifies research priorities, and supports management strategies by linking data, ideas, and tools. Accelerating environmental challenges increases the need to focus synthesis science on the most pressing questions. To leverage input from the broader research community, we convened a virtual workshop with participants from many countries and disciplines to examine how and where synthesis can address key questions and themes in ecology and environmental science in the coming decade. Seven priority research topics emerged: (1) diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ), (2) human and natural systems, (3) actionable and use-inspired science, (4) scale, (5) generality, (6) complexity and resilience, and (7) predictability. Additionally, two issues regarding the general practice of synthesis emerged: the need for increased participant diversity and inclusive research practices; and increased and improved data flow, access, and skill-building. These topics and practices provide a strategic vision for future synthesis in ecology and environmental science.

Published
2023

3. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., LaManna, Joseph A., Myers, Jonathan A., Phillips, Richard P., Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Baker, Matthew E., Baltzer, Jennifer L., Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman A., Brockelman, Warren Y., Burslem, David F. R. P., Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle C., Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy L., Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian P., Gilbert, Gregory S., He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert W., Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen P., Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick A., Johnson, Daniel J., Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Litton, Creighton M., Lutz, James A., Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, O’Brien, Michael J., Orwig, David A., Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey G. (‘Jess’), Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina E., Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark E., Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George D., Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess K., Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel S., Crowther, Thomas W., and Averill, Colin

Published
2023
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4. Research priorities for global food security under extreme events

Author

Mehrabi, Zia, Delzeit, Ruth, Ignaciuk, Adriana, Levers, Christian, Braich, Ginni, Bajaj, Kushank, Amo-Aidoo, Araba, Anderson, Weston, Balgah, Roland A, Benton, Tim G, Chari, Martin M, Ellis, Erle C, Gahi, Narcisse Z, Gaupp, Franziska, Garibaldi, Lucas A, Gerber, James S, Godde, Cecile M, Grass, Ingo, Heimann, Tobias, Hirons, Mark, Hoogenboom, Gerrit, Jain, Meha, James, Dana, Makowski, David, Masamha, Blessing, Meng, Sisi, Monprapussorn, Sathaporn, Müller, Daniel, Nelson, Andrew, Newlands, Nathaniel K, Noack, Frederik, Oronje, MaryLucy, Raymond, Colin, Reichstein, Markus, Rieseberg, Loren H, Rodriguez-Llanes, Jose M, Rosenstock, Todd, Rowhani, Pedram, Sarhadi, Ali, Seppelt, Ralf, Sidhu, Balsher S, Snapp, Sieglinde, Soma, Tammara, Sparks, Adam H, Teh, Louise, Tigchelaar, Michelle, Vogel, Martha M, West, Paul C, Wittman, Hannah, and You, Liangzhi

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Zero Hunger, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Extreme events, such as those caused by climate change, economic or geopolitical shocks, and pest or disease epidemics, threaten global food security. The complexity of causation, as well as the myriad ways that an event, or a sequence of events, creates cascading and systemic impacts, poses significant challenges to food systems research and policy alike. To identify priority food security risks and research opportunities, we asked experts from a range of fields and geographies to describe key threats to global food security over the next two decades and to suggest key research questions and gaps on this topic. Here, we present a prioritization of threats to global food security from extreme events, as well as emerging research questions that highlight the conceptual and practical challenges that exist in designing, adopting, and governing resilient food systems. We hope that these findings help in directing research funding and resources toward food system transformations needed to help society tackle major food system risks and food insecurity under extreme events.

Published
2022

6. Anthromes

Author

Quinn, John E., Ellis, Erle C., Wallenhorst, Nathanaël, editor, and Wulf, Christoph, editor

Published
2023
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8. The Anthropocene is not an epoch − but the age of humans is most definitely underway

Author

Ellis, Erle C.

Subjects
Radioactive fallout, Climatic changes, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) https://theconversation.com/profiles/erle-c-ellis-321505, https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-maryland-baltimore-county-1667 (THE CONVERSATION) When people talk about the “Anthropocene,” they typically picture the [...]

Published
2024

10. 1.5 Degrees Is Not the Problem

Author

Ellis, Erle C.

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Erle C. Ellis As leaders around the world meet for the 28th time to address the climate crisis - this time in the United Arab Emirates, one of the [...]

Published
2023

11. Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the Anthropocene (2016)

Author

Steffen, Will, Leinfelder, Reinhold, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Waters, Colin N., Williams, Mark, Summerhayes, Colin, Barnosky, Anthony D., Cearreta, Alejandro, Crutzen, Paul, Edgeworth, Matt, Ellis, Erle C., Fairchild, Ian J., Galuszka, Agnieszka, Grinevald, Jacques, Haywood, Alan, do Sul, Juliana Ivar, Jeandel, Catherine, McNeill, J. R., Odada, Eric, Oreskes, Naomi, Revkin, Andrew, de B. Richter, Daniel, Syvitski, James, Vidas, Davor, Wagreich, Michael, Wing, Scott L., Wolfe, Alexander P., Schellnhuber, H. J., Brauch, Hans Günter, Series Editor, Benner, Susanne, editor, Lax, Gregor, editor, Crutzen, Paul J., editor, Pöschl, Ulrich, editor, and Lelieveld, Jos, editor

Published
2021
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17. A global horizon scan of the future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on urban ecosystems

Author

Goddard, Mark A., Davies, Zoe G., Guenat, Solène, Ferguson, Mark J., Fisher, Jessica C., Akanni, Adeniran, Ahjokoski, Teija, Anderson, Pippin M. L., Angeoletto, Fabio, Antoniou, Constantinos, Bates, Adam J., Barkwith, Andrew, Berland, Adam, Bouch, Christopher J., Rega-Brodsky, Christine C., Byrne, Loren B., Cameron, David, Canavan, Rory, Chapman, Tim, Connop, Stuart, Crossland, Steve, Dade, Marie C., Dawson, David A., Dobbs, Cynnamon, Downs, Colleen T., Ellis, Erle C., Escobedo, Francisco J., Gobster, Paul, Gulsrud, Natalie Marie, Guneralp, Burak, Hahs, Amy K., Hale, James D., Hassall, Christopher, Hedblom, Marcus, Hochuli, Dieter F., Inkinen, Tommi, Ioja, Ioan-Cristian, Kendal, Dave, Knowland, Tom, Kowarik, Ingo, Langdale, Simon J., Lerman, Susannah B., MacGregor-Fors, Ian, Manning, Peter, Massini, Peter, McLean, Stacey, Mkwambisi, David D., Ossola, Alessandro, Luque, Gabriel Pérez, Pérez-Urrestarazu, Luis, Perini, Katia, Perry, Gad, Pett, Tristan J., Plummer, Kate E., Radji, Raoufou A., Roll, Uri, Potts, Simon G., Rumble, Heather, Sadler, Jon P., de Saille, Stevienna, Sautter, Sebastian, Scott, Catherine E., Shwartz, Assaf, Smith, Tracy, Snep, Robbert P. H., Soulsbury, Carl D., Stanley, Margaret C., Van de Voorde, Tim, Venn, Stephen J., Warren, Philip H., Washbourne, Carla-Leanne, Whitling, Mark, Williams, Nicholas S. G., Yang, Jun, Yeshitela, Kumelachew, Yocom, Ken P., and Dallimer, Martin

Published
2021
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20. Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the Anthropocene (2016)

Author

Steffen, Will, primary, Leinfelder, Reinhold, additional, Zalasiewicz, Jan, additional, Waters, Colin N., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Summerhayes, Colin, additional, Barnosky, Anthony D., additional, Cearreta, Alejandro, additional, Crutzen, Paul, additional, Edgeworth, Matt, additional, Ellis, Erle C., additional, Fairchild, Ian J., additional, Galuszka, Agnieszka, additional, Grinevald, Jacques, additional, Haywood, Alan, additional, do Sul, Juliana Ivar, additional, Jeandel, Catherine, additional, McNeill, J. R., additional, Odada, Eric, additional, Oreskes, Naomi, additional, Revkin, Andrew, additional, de B. Richter, Daniel, additional, Syvitski, James, additional, Vidas, Davor, additional, Wagreich, Michael, additional, Wing, Scott L., additional, Wolfe, Alexander P., additional, and Schellnhuber, H. J., additional

Published
2021
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24. The Anthropocene condition: evolving through social–ecological transformations.

Author

Ellis, Erle C.

Subjects
*SOCIAL adjustment, *INDUSTRIALISM, *GEOGRAPHIC boundaries, *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation, *SOCIAL groups
Abstract

Anthropogenic planetary disruptions, from climate change to biodiversity loss, are unprecedented challenges for human societies. Some societies, social groups, cultural practices, technologies and institutions are already disintegrating or disappearing as a result. However, this coupling of socially produced environmental challenges with disruptive social changes—the Anthropocene condition—is not new. From food-producing hunter–gatherers, to farmers, to urban industrial food systems, the current planetary entanglement has its roots in millennia of evolving and accumulating sociocultural capabilities for shaping the cultured environments that our societies have always lived in (sociocultural niche construction). When these transformative capabilities to shape environments are coupled with sociocultural adaptations enabling societies to more effectively shape and live in transformed environments, the social–ecological scales and intensities of these transformations can accelerate through a positive feedback loop of 'runaway sociocultural niche construction'. Efforts to achieve a better future for both people and planet will depend on guiding this runaway evolutionary process towards better outcomes by redirecting Earth's most disruptive force of nature: the power of human aspirations. To guide this unprecedented planetary force, cultural narratives that appeal to human aspirations for a better future will be more effective than narratives of environmental crisis and overstepping natural boundaries. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. The<scp>CBD</scp>Post‐2020 biodiversity framework: People's place within the rest of nature

Author

Friedman, Kim, Bridgewater, Peter, Agostini, Vera, Agardy, Tundi, Arico, Salvatore, Biermann, Frank, Brown, Kate, Cresswell, Ian D., Ellis, Erle C., Failler, Pierre, Kim, Rakhyun E., Pratt, Christelle, Rice, Jake, Rivera, Vivienne Solis, Teneva, Lida, Environmental Governance, and Global Sustainability Governance

Subjects
Ecology, Behavior and Systematics, aquatic foods, Evolution, fisheries, nature, convention on biological diversity, Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity
Abstract

Recognizing two decades of failure to achieve global goals and targets, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity are in the final phase of negotiating a Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework for the conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing of biodiversity. The framework attempts to set out pathways, goals and targets for the next decade to achieve positive biodiversity change. This perspective intends to help that framework set people firmly as part of nature, not apart from it. Despite work done so far through four meetings, new thinking and focus is still needed on ‘what’ changes must be conceptualized and implemented, and ‘how’ those changes are to be delivered. To help achieve that new thinking, as a broad range of people, many with a focus on aquatic systems, we highlight six key foci that offer potential to strengthen delivery of the framework and break the ‘business as usual’ logjam. These foci are as follows: (i) a reframing of the narrative of ‘people's relationship with the rest of nature’ and emphasize the crucial role of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in delivering positive biodiversity change; (ii) moving beyond a focus on species and places by prioritizing ecosystem function and resilience; (iii) supporting a diversity of top-down and bottom-up governance processes; (iv) embracing new technologies to make and measure progress; (v) linking business more effectively with biodiversity and (vi) leveraging the power of international agencies and programmes. Given they are linked to a greater or lesser degree, implementing these six foci together will lead to a much-needed broadening of the framework, especially those of business and broader urban civil society, as well as those of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Published
2022

35. An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm

Author

DINERSTEIN, ERIC, OLSON, DAVID, JOSHI, ANUP, VYNNE, CARLY, BURGESS, NEIL D., WIKRAMANAYAKE, ERIC, HAHN, NATHAN, PALMINTERI, SUZANNE, HEDAO, PRASHANT, NOSS, REED, HANSEN, MATT, LOCKE, HARVEY, ELLIS, ERLE C, JONES, BENJAMIN, BARBER, CHARLES VICTOR, HAYES, RANDY, KORMOS, CYRIL, MARTIN, VANCE, CRIST, EILEEN, SECHREST, WES, PRICE, LORI, BAILLIE, JONATHAN E. M., WEEDEN, DON, SUCKLING, KIERÁN, DAVIS, CRYSTAL, SIZER, NIGEL, MOORE, REBECCA, THAU, DAVID, BIRCH, TANYA, POTAPOV, PETER, TURUBANOVA, SVETLANA, TYUKAVINA, ALEXANDRA, DE SOUZA, NADIA, PINTEA, LILIAN, BRITO, JOSÉ C., LLEWELLYN, OTHMAN A., MILLER, ANTHONY G., PATZELT, ANNETTE, GHAZANFAR, SHAHINA A., TIMBERLAKE, JONATHAN, KLÖSER, HEINZ, SHENNAN-FARPÓN, YARA, KINDT, ROELAND, LILLESØ, JENS-PETER BARNEKOW, van BREUGEL, PAULO, GRAUDAL, LARS, VOGE, MAIANNA, AL-SHAMMARI, KHALAF F., and SALEEM, MUHAMMAD

Published
2017

36. Bright spots: seeds of a good Anthropocene

Author

Bennett, Elena M, Solan, Martin, Biggs, Reinette, McPhearson, Timon, Norström, Albert V, Olsson, Per, Pereira, Laura, Peterson, Garry D, Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara, Biermann, Frank, Carpenter, Stephen R, Ellis, Erle C, Hichert, Tanja, Galaz, Victor, Lahsen, Myanna, Milkoreit, Manjana, López, Berta Martin, Nicholas, Kimberly A, Preiser, Rika, Vince, Gaia, Vervoort, Joost M, and Xu, Jianchu

Published
2016

37. Evolving the human niche

Author

Ellis, Erle C., Richerson, Peter J., Mesoudi, Alex, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Odling-Smee, John, and Burnside, William R.

Published
2016

38. Policy Implications of Human-Accelerated Nitrogen Cycling

Author

Mosier, Arvin R., Bleken, Marina Azzaroli, Chaiwanakupt, Pornpimol, Ellis, Erle C., Freney, John R., Howarth, Richard B., Matson, Pamela A., Minami, Katsuyuki, Naylor, Roz, Weeks, Kirstin N., and Zhu, Zhao-Liang

Published
2002

40. Policy Implications of Human-Accelerated Nitrogen Cycling

Author

Mosier, Arvin R., Bleken, Marina Azzaroli, Chaiwanakupt, Pornpimol, Ellis, Erle C., Freney, John R., Howarth, Richard B., Matson, Pamela A., Minami, Katsuyuki, Naylor, Roz, Weeks, Kirstin N., and Zhu, Zhao-Liang

Published
2001

44. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Author

Meyfroidt, Patrick, De Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Geografia, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Environmental Geography, University of Twente, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary, land use, Agriculture, sustainability, ITC-HYBRID, social-ecological systems, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, governance, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, 320 Political science, Humans, Renewable Energy, Social Change, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Ecosystem
Abstract

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits-"win-wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (7), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

Published
2022

49. Meta-studies in land use science: Current coverage and prospects

Author

van Vliet, Jasper, Magliocca, Nicholas R., Büchner, Bianka, Cook, Elizabeth, Benayas, José M. Rey, Ellis, Erle C., Heinimann, Andreas, Keys, Eric, Lee, Tien Ming, Liu, Jianguo, Mertz, Ole, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Moritz, Mark, Poeplau, Christopher, Robinson, Brian E., Seppelt, Ralf, Seto, Karen C., and Verburg, Peter H.

Published
2016
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50. The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene

Author

Waters, Colin N., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Summerhayes, Colin, Barnosky, Anthony D., Poirier, Clément, Galuszka, Agnieszka, Cearreta, Alejandro, Edgeworth, Matt, Ellis, Erle C., Ellis, Michael, Jeandel, Catherine, Leinfelder, Reinhold, McNeill, J. R., deB. Richter, Daniel, Steffen, Will, Syvitski, James, Vidas, Davor, Wagreich, Michael, Williams, Mark, Zhisheng, An, Grinevald, Jacques, Odada, Eric, Oreskes, Naomi, and Wolfe, Alexander P.

Published
2016

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