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Introduction: Dental staining is a common concern for tobacco users. However, little is known about which components of tobacco are responsible for the staining and whether nicotine may be implicated. This is of increasing relevance with the popularity of novel products such as heated-tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes). Objectives: This systematic review aimed to establish the evidence base for the effect if any, of the various tobacco and nicotine products in causing staining of dental hard tissues and materials. Material and Methods: This systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. There were four structured population intervention comparison outcomesquestions. A search was conducted up to December 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and manual searching of relevant sources was also completed. Two researchers individually reviewed the titles then abstracts and finally full articles. A reporting quality appraisal was conducted appropriately to the study methodology. Results: Of the 815 records titles identified, 56 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 27 were included for analysis. The included studies were mainly laboratory studies of varying reporting quality. There was evidence from 18 studies that tobacco exposure caused staining of dental hard tissues (pooled results from three studies- enamel/dentine; mean difference [MD]: 16.22; 95% confidence interval[12.11, 20.32; I2: 96%)and materials (pooled result from four studies--resin composite; MD: 11.90; 95% CI: 11.47, 12.34; I2: 100%). There was limited evidence that E-cigarettes 99%) and heated tobacco products (HTPs; pooled results from three studies--1.07, 6.54; I2: 99%) cause staining, but this was lower than with traditional tobacco/found 11 compounds, of which 8 were terpenoids, from tobacco products implicated in causing staining. Finally, there was some evidence that resin composites stained more than other materials. Conclusions: Tobacco smoking causes dental staining. There was limited evidence that E-cigarettes and HTPs did cause dental staining that was less intense than that caused by traditional tobacco products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to examine how clinicians and patients negotiate clinical need and treatment decisions within a context of finite resources. Dental implant treatment is an effective treatment for missing teeth, but is only available via the NHS in some specific clinical circumstances. The majority of people who receive this treatment therefore pay privately, often at substantial cost to themselves. People are used to paying towards dental treatment costs. However, dental implant treatment is much more expensive than existing treatments – such as removable dentures. We know very little about how dentists make decisions about whether to offer such treatments, or what patients consider when deciding whether or not to pay for them. Methods/Design Mixed methods will be employed to provide insight and understanding into how clinical need is determined, and what influences people's decision making processes when deciding whether or not to pursue a dental implant treatment. Phase 1 will use a structured scoping questionnaire with all the General dental practitioners (GDPs) in three Primary Care Trust areas (n = 300) to provide base-line data about existing practice in relation to dental implant treatment, and to provide data to develop a systematic sampling procedure for Phase 2. Phases 2 (GDPs) and 3 (patients) use qualitative focused one to one interviews with a sample of these practitioners (up to 30) and their patients (up to 60) to examine their views and experiences of decision making in relation to dental implant treatment. Purposive sampling for phases 2 and 3 will be carried out to ensure participants represent a range of socio-economic circumstances, and choices made. Discussion Most dental implant treatment is conducted in primary care. Very little information was available prior to this study about the quantity and type of treatment carried out privately. It became apparent during phase 2 that ISOD treatment was an unusual treatment in primary care. We thus extended our sample criteria for Phase 3 to include people who had had other implant supported restorations, although not single tooth replacements.

Objectives This study aimed to explore patients' thoughts, feelings about, and experiences of, implant placement surgery ( IPS), the post-surgical healing stage and the immediate post-surgical transitional implant prosthesis ( TIP) (fixed and removable). Methods A qualitative study design was chosen and 38 semi-structured telephone and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 34 patients at different stages of implant treatment. The interviews were transcribed verbatim; the data collection and coding process followed the principles of thematic analysis, which was facilitated through the use of NVivo10. Results Patients anticipated that surgery would be painful and unpleasant but were prepared to accept this temporary discomfort for the expected benefits of implant treatment. However, a key finding was that patients felt they had overestimated the trauma of surgery but underestimated the discomfort and difficulties of the healing phase. A number of difficulties were also identified with the TIP phase following implant surgery. Conclusion Existing research has tended to focus on the longer term benefits of dental implant treatment. This qualitative study has investigated in-depth patients' perceptions of dental implant surgery, including their experiences related to sedation, and of transitional implant restoration. While patients felt their concerns were overestimated in relation to the implant surgery, they experienced greater morbidity than they expected in the healing phase. Recommendations are made for relatively small changes in care provision which might improve the overall patient experience. Partial dentate patients treated with a fixed transitional prosthesis experienced advantages more quickly than patients with an overdenture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: This paper aims to review the factors associated with an increased risk of failure in complete denture patients, based on the strength of the available evidence base. These include accuracy of jaw relations, a poorly formed mandibular ridge, poor quality dentures and patient neuroticism. Clinical strategies for overcoming these issues are described with particular reference to impression-taking and jaw relations., Clinical Relevance: Identifying potential problems will help to improve outcomes for edentulous patients treated with conventional complete dentures.

A randomised cross-over study with a validated assessment tool was used to assess patient satisfaction and oral health related quality of life after the delivery of two sets of dentures: one set had an enhanced aesthetics. There was a significant increase in patient satisfaction and oral health related quality of life when baseline data was compared with both types of replacement dentures. Some patients preferred the prostheses with enhanced aesthetics, although all patients reported significantly increased satisfaction with their new dentures; these findings are explored. No difference was seen in the outcome variables between the control and aesthetic dentures and sequence of delivery showed no difference.

The aim of this study was to subjectively assess permanent denture base retention and stability in order to determine whether detrimental change occurred as a result of a second curing cycle. 100 complete upper denture bases were assessed by clinician and patient using visual analogue scales at try-in and insert. No statistically significant alteration in mean scores for retention and stability was seen. 5% of bases showed some deterioration, but none required rebasing or remaking as a result. The advantages of permanent bases during denture construction seem to outweigh the risk of loss of retention and/or stability as a result of distortion due to the second curing cycle.