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I november 2021 afholdt Miljøstyrelsen i samarbejde med DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, konsensuskonference om vurdering af ikke-hjemmehørende arter i Danmark og deres påvirkning på natur, miljø, økonomi og human sundhed. Nærværende rapport opsummerer det forudgående arbejde med revision af skala og protokol for vurderingen af påvirkningerne, de efterfølgende ekspertvurderinger, samt arbejdet med at skabe konsensus omkring vurderingerne under og efter konsensuskonferencen. Herefter er listerne med vurderinger af ikke-hjemmehørende arter og Horizon-scan arter revideret (Bilag 1 og 2). Desuden er kriteriet, for hvornår en art betragtes som invasiv, revideret. Baseret på konsensusvurderingerne og det reviderede kriterium anses 77 af de 2513 ikke-hjemmehørende arter, der forekommer i Danmark, for at være invasive. Fakta-ark for alle invasive arter er evideret og desuden er udarbejdet fakta-ark for 10 udvalgte Horizon-scan arter. De reviderede fakta-ark findes på Miljøstyrelsens hjemmeside www.mst.dk.

I 2021 omfattede artsovervågningen i alt 34 arter af pattedyr, krybdyr og padder, karplanter og mosser samt et enkelt leddyr på Habitatdirektivets Bilag II og IV. Det omfattede bæver, 17 flagermus, markfirben, 9 padder, fire karplanter og en mosartsamt stor kærguldsmed. Alt efter art dækker indsamlingerne tidsperioden 2018-2021. Overvågningsresultaterne viste at udbredelsen af bæver er stigende. Ingen af de 17 flagermusarter viste vigende forekomst, men enkelte havde bestandstilbagegang. Markfirben har øget sin udbredelse. For de ni afrapporterede paddearter har tre arter en stabil udbredelse, to arter er i fremgang og fire arter i tilbagegang. Hos karplanterne har fruesko og gul stenbræk vist en positiv udvikling, og vandranke har en stabil udbredelse. Enkelt månerude er ikke fundet i perioden. Blank seglmos viser et varieret billede, med nogle bestande i fremgang og andre i tilbagegang. Stor kærguldsmed har vist en stigende udbredelse

Introgressive hybridization can pose a serious threat to endangered species which have an overlapping distribution such as in the case of two polecat species, Mustela eversmanii and M. putorius, in Europe. The population size of steppe polecat is known to continuously shrink, whereas its sister species, the European polecat, is still somehow widespread. In this study, we perform an analysis using microsatellite (SSR) and genomic (SNP) data sets to identify natural hybrids between polecats. Four populations were genotyped for eight polymorphic SSR loci, and thousands of unlinked SNPs were generated using a reduced‐representation sequencing approach, RADseq, to characterize the genetic make‐up of allopatric populations and to identify hybrids in the sympatric area. We applied standard population genetic analyses to characterize the populations based on their SSR allelic frequency. Only a single sample out of 48 sympatric samples showed exact intermediacy that we identified as an F1 hybrid. Additionally, one specimen was indicated in the genomic data sets as backcrossed. Other backcrosses, indicated by SSRs, were not validated by SNPs, which highlights the higher efficacy of the genomic method to identify backcrossed individuals. The low frequency of hybridization suggests that the difference in habitat preference of the two species may act as a barrier to admixture. Therefore, it is apparently unlikely that polecat populations are threatened by significant introgression. The two species showed a clear genetic differentiation using both techniques. We found higher genetic diversity values in the sympatric steppe polecat population than in the other studies on polecat populations. Although M. putorius is a hunted species in most countries, genetic diversity values indicate worse conditions in Europe than in the protected sibling species M. eversmanii. Suspending hunting and providing protected status of the former seems to be reasonable and timely.

This report provides an overview of the most important habitats for red-listed species in Denmark. The term “red-listed species” covers species assigned to one of the red-list categories Regionally Extinct (RE), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT) or Data Deficient (DD) on the Danish Red List. The Danish Red List includes the following species groups: Vascular plants, mosses, fungi, lichens, mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, moths, bees, hoverflies, dragonflies, grasshoppers, spiders, ground beetles, dung-beetles, long-horned beetles, leaf beetles, weevils, water beetles, mayflies, stoneflies. caddisflies, alderflies, crane flies, blackflies and fairy shrimps. In order to halt the loss of biodiversity, these red-listed species should have the highest priority in the policymaking, planning and management of Danish nature. Although not all groups of species are covered by the Danish Red List, it seems that most red-listed species have strikingly similar habitat requirements.The habitat descriptions in this report are divided into 13 habitats and six substrates: Wet forests, dry forests, nutrient-poor and dry forests, dry grassland, heaths and dunes, saltmarshes, alkaline fens and calcareous meadows, springs, wet meadows and heaths , peat bogs, large streams, clear-water lakes, ephemeral ponds, pollen and nectar, large trees, dead wood, dung, carcasses and large stones.For each habitat and substrate, the rapport includes a general definition and a list of the most important requirements for the species associated with the habitat. For each group of species we have estimated the proportion of red-listed species associated with the habitat.Marine habitats are not covered by this report, as our knowledge of endangered species in the sea is insufficient. Habitats with importance for relatively few red-listed species, are only mentioned peripherally. Generally, most red-listed species are either specialists, slow-growing or stress tolerant species, and while open landscapes (including open forests), dead wood and pollen and nectar sources are among the important elements of these species’ habitats there are significant variations in their specific requirements. Based on these findings, we suggest that future policymaking, planning and management of Danish nature takes a holistic approach and attempts to recreate the lacking natural processes that generate the habitat elements that are important for red-listed species as highlighted here. Consequently, we further propose that future strategies for management of red-listed species in Denmark are based in the knowledge presented in this report.

Denne rapport er udarbejdet på baggrund af en bestilling fra Miljøstyrelsen som en del af det faglige grundlag for Vildtforvaltningsrådets udarbejdelse af en indstilling til Miljøministeren med henblik på revision af gældende jagttider i 2022. Rapporten giver for 23 udvalgte jagtbare vildtarter en opdateret oversigt over den eksisterende viden om biologiske, bestandsmæssige, jagtlige og forvaltningsmæssige forhold, som er relevante for en faglig vurdering af den gældende jagttid. Endvidere giver rapporten en vurdering af de bestandsmæssige muligheder for en eventuel jagttid for 18 udvalgte p.t. ikke-jagtbare arter.

I denne rapport fremlægges resultaterne af overvågningen af arter i NOVANA forperioden 2012-2017. Overvågningen omfatter udvalgte plante- og dyrearteromfattet af Habitatdirektivet. Artsovervågningen i NOVANA har til formål at bidragemed konkret viden om ændringer i arternes udbredelse og bestandsstørrelse.Rapporten indgår i grundlaget for Danmarks afrapportering til EU i henhold tilHabitatdirektivet.