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The progress in the isolation and characterization of tumor antigen (TA)-specific T lymphocytes and in the genetic modification of immune cells allowed the clinical development of adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Several clinical studies highlighted the striking clinical activity of T cells engineered to express either Chimeric Antigen (CAR) or T Cell (TCR) Receptors to target molecularly defined antigens expressed on tumor cells. The breakthrough of immunotherapy is represented by the approval of CAR-T cells specific for advanced or refractory CD19 + B cell malignancies by both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicinal Agency (EMA). Moreover, advances in the manufacturing and gene editing of engineered immune cells contributed to the selection of drug products with desired phenotype, refined specificity and decreased toxicity. An important step toward the optimization of CAR-T cell therapy is the development of "off-the shelf" T cell products that allow to reduce the complexity and the costs of the manufacturing and to render these drugs available for a broad number of cancer patients. The Engineered Immune Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy (EICCI) workshop hosted in Doha, Qatar, renowned experts, from both academia and industry, to present and discuss the progress on both pre-clinical and clinical development of genetically modified immune cells, including advances in the "off-the-shelf" manufacturing. These experts have addressed also organizational needs and hurdles for the clinical grade production and application of these biological drugs., Competing Interests: CBo received a research contract from Intellia Therapeutics and participated to the advisory boards of Molmed, Intellia Therapeutics, TxCell, Novartis, GSK, Allogene, Kiadis. CBu is the inventor of patents in the field of adoptive T cell therapy. RB is a recipient of research funding from Servier. IJ is employed at Miltenyi Biotec. FL has scientific advisory role for Kite, a Gilead Company, Novartis, Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, GammaDelta Therapeutics, Wugen, Amgen, Calibr, Amgen, and Allogene; is a consultant with grant options for Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc.; and has research support from Kite, a Gilead Company. AM is employed at Immatics. CT received research funding from Juno Therapeutics/BMS, Nektar Therapeutics, Minerva, AstraZeneca, and TCR2 Therapeutics. He is a member of Scientific Advisory Boards of Precision Biosciences, Eureka Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, T-CURX, Myeloid Therapeutics, ArsenalBio, and Century Therapeutics, and ad hoc advisory boards (last 12 months) of Nektar Therapeutics, Allogene, PACT Pharma, Astra Zeneca, and Amgen. He has stock/options of Precision Biosciences, Eureka Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, Myeloid Therapeutics, and ArsenalBio. CT is the inventor of a patent licensed to Juno Therapeutics. PV is a recipient of a grant from SERVIER to investigate Universal chimeric antigen receptor T cells for ALL (UCAR19-PALL). HV is employed as a chief scientific officer (CSO) of Lava Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Guerrouahen, Elnaggar, Al-Mohannadi, Kizhakayil, Bonini, Benjamin, Brentjens, Buchholz, Casorati, Ferrone, Locke, Martin, Schambach, Turtle, Veys, van der Vliet, Maccalli and The EICCI Faculty Group.)