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1. Tin dioxide coated carbon materials as an alternative catalyst support for PEMFCs: Impacts of the intrinsic carbon properties and the synthesis parameters on the coating characteristics

Author

Katia Guérin, Rudolf Metkemeijer, Yasser Ahmad, Elodie Disa, Frédéric Maillard, Fabien Labbé, Sandrine Berthon-Fabry, Tristan Asset, Marian Chatenet, Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques (PERSEE), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques ( PERSEE ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand - Clermont Auvergne ( ICCF ), Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces ( LEPMI ), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Materials science, Catalyst support, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Nanomaterials, law.invention, Coating, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI.ENERG]Engineering Sciences [physics]/domain_spi.energ, law, General Materials Science, Point of zero charge, [ SPI.ENERG ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/domain_spi.energ, Tin dioxide, Aerogel, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Carbon, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, Physicochemical characterizations, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Several carbon materials (one carbon nanotubes, two carbon blacks and one home-made carbon aerogel) were covered by thin tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles coatings to improve their resistance against oxidation under the working conditions of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. A pretreatment for the nanotubes in acidic media was also performed to improve their dispersion in the reactive medium. The coating was done by a chemical route. Samples were analysed by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transformed InfraRed (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Their electrical conductivities were also measured. Using a reactive medium with a pH value exceeding the point of zero charge of the carbon materials is mandatory to favour electrostatic attractions, and to obtain covering and homogeneous coatings. In this condition, it is possible to reduce the quantity of precursor and to optimise the coating. The intrinsic properties of the carbon materials also influence the characteristics of the coatings. In fact, the least organised carbon materials with high specific surface area and porosity values exhibit homogeneous and covering coatings. On the contrary, organised carbon materials, with few oxygen-containing groups, lead to a smaller quantity and heterogeneous coatings (with some areas of carbon surface uncovered). The pretreatment performed on the nanotubes improves the characteristics of the coatings, even if using significant amounts of precursor remains necessary to obtain a covering and a homogeneous coating. The transformation mechanisms of the precursor into tin dioxide, depending on the pH, value are also discussed.

Published
2018
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2. Effect of fluorination on the stability of carbon nanofibres in organic solvents

Author

Katia Guérin, Elodie Disa, Pierre Bonnet, Nadiège Nomède-Martyr, Marc Dubois, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Sonication, Dispersion in organic solvents, Nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Fluorination, Phase (matter), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Solubility, Spectroscopy, Hansen solubility, Carbon nanofibres, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Tribological properties, Chemical engineering, chemistry, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Dispersion (chemistry), Raman spectroscopy, Carbon
Abstract

International audience; Beneficial effects of fluorination on the stability of carbon nanofibre (CNF) dispersion in organic solvents as a function of time are evidenced. Because of their excellent friction properties, fluorinated CNFs (CF0.85) can be used as nanoparticles of tribo-active phase in lubrication; however, they have to be added into a matrix. We have shown that mixtures of CF0.85 are more stable than CNF solutions. Investigations by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy have been carried out 2 h after sonication and after an ageing of 4 months. Hansen solubility theory was used, and after ageing, tribological and Raman spectroscopy experiments showed no significant modification of physicochemical properties of the CF0.85.

Published
2018
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3. Synthesis of carbon–silica core–shell nanofibers from a dispersion of fluorinated carbon nanofibers in solvated polysiloxane

Author

Cécile Soubeyrand, Elodie Disa, Nadiège Nomède-Martyr, Marc Dubois, Katia Guérin, Florence Jestin, André Hamwi, Marion Manteghetti, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Carbon nanofiber, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Thermal treatment, symbols.namesake, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Nanofiber, symbols, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Composite material, Dispersion (chemistry), Raman spectroscopy, Carbon
Abstract

Carbon–silica core–shell fibers (which unusually consist of carbon nanofibers coated with silica) were synthesized using a two-step process. First, fluorination of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) allows their homogenous dispersion into a polysiloxane matrix. A longlife dispersion of nanofibers in solvated polysiloxane has been prepared. Second, the polysiloxane/fluorinated carbon was thermally treated in air until 700 °C. Defluorination and conversion of polysiloxane into silica occur and result in carbon–silica core–shell fibers. The thermal treatment of the polysiloxane/carbon and the resulting silica/carbon–silica core–shell nanostructures were investigated using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance using 19 F, 13 C 1 H, and 29 Si nuclei, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopies.

Published
2013
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4. Structural/textural properties and water reactivity of fluorinated activated carbons

Author

Sébastien Schlienger, Julien Parmentier, Teresa A. Centeno, Elodie Disa, Francis Masin, Marc Dubois, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MI, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matière Condensée et Résonance Magnétique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Instituto Nacional del Carbon, CSIC-Oviedo, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Intercalation (chemistry), Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Adsorption, chemistry, Physisorption, 13. Climate action, Desorption, medicine, Fluorine, General Materials Science, Reactivity (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Hydrophobic activated carbons are considered as interesting materials for air or water remediation due to their enhanced affinity for slightly water-soluble organic species. In this context, a commercial activated carbon, in an extruded form, was fluorinated under mild conditions (pure fluorine gas at room temperature) in order to decrease its hydrophilic character and to preserve its microporosity. For comparison, a hydrogenated activated carbon was also prepared by H2 treatment. The resulting samples were characterised by various techniques in order to determine the evolution of the activated carbon materials in terms of composition (XPS, elemental analysis, TGA and NMR) and porosity (nitrogen physisorption (77 K), mercury intrusion and immersion calorimetry). For the fluorinated carbon, the nature of the CFx groups and the strength of the C-F bonds were also investigated using 13C and 19F solid state NMR and TGA techniques. A labile character of the C-F bond, so far exclusively observed for fluorine intercalation compounds, is also shown for the first time for a fluorinated activated carbon by water adsorption/desorption isotherms at room temperature. Care should then be taken for its use in presence of water.

Published
2012
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5. The synthesis of multilayer graphene materials by the fluorination of carbon nanodiscs/nanocones

Author

Elodie Disa, Yasser Ahmad, Marc Dubois, André Hamwi, Loïc Vidal, Wei Zhang, Pierre Bonnet, Vincent Dubois, Francis Masin, Dimitri A. Ivanov, and Katia Guérin

Subjects
Materials science, Graphene, Thermal decomposition, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Nanomaterials, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Thermal, Fluorine, symbols, General Materials Science, Raman spectroscopy, Carbon
Abstract

Multilayer carbonaceous nanomaterial has been synthesized using a two-step process: carbon nanodiscs/nanocones were fluorinated using either the direct reaction with pure F2 gas or the thermal decomposition of solid fluorinating agent (TbF4). Then the fluorinated parts were removed by treatment at 600 °C in air. When the fluorine atoms are homogenously dispersed, using fluorination by TbF4, thinning due to thermal defluorination results in multilayer materials with 7–10 nm of thickness and 400–500 nm of width. Such resulting materials and the fluorinated precursors have been characterized by solid state NMR, TGA, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy.

Published
2012
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6. Fluorination of single walled carbon nanotubes at low temperature: Towards the reversible fluorine storage into carbon nanotubes

Author

Katia Guérin, Elodie Petit, F. Chamssedine, Z. El Fawal, Marc Dubois, André Hamwi, and Elodie Disa

Subjects
Range (particle radiation), Organic Chemistry, Selective chemistry of single-walled nanotubes, chemistry.chemical_element, Carbon nanotube, Biochemistry, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical engineering, chemistry, law, Thermal, Fluorine, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract

Fluorination of single walled carbon nanotubes was carried out at low temperature in the −191/25 °C range under 1 atm pure fluorine gas. In such conditions, the resulting C–F bonding is significantly weaker than for samples fluorinated at 280 °C. If the fluorination is performed at low temperature, fluorine atoms can be then removed from the host structure by moderated heating until 300 °C or by vacuum without strong damage on the tubes. After thermal defluorination, the resulting sample can be refluorinated similarly than the pristine tubes.

Published
2011
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7. The effect of nanostructure on the thermal properties of fluorinated carbon nanofibres

Author

André Hamwi, Hayat Kharbache, Katia Guérin, Francis Masin, Marc Dubois, and Elodie Disa

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Thermal decomposition, Shell (structure), chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Thermal, Fluorine, Organic chemistry, General Materials Science, Thermal stability, Carbon, Direct process
Abstract

Using thermogravimetic analysis in air, the thermal properties of fluorinated carbon nanofibres have been investigated. The fluorination level, the C–F bonding, the number of structural defects and the distribution of fluorine atoms in the carbon matrix have been modified using three fluorination routes, (i) a direct process using a flux of pure molecular fluorine F 2 (dynamic process), (ii) a filling of a closed reactor by this reactive gas (static process) and (iii) controlled fluorination using the thermal decomposition of a solid fluorinating agent TbF 4 . At given fluorine contents, only the location of the fluorine atoms within the nanofibre changes the thermal stability, which can be increased up to 480 °C; such improvement is obtained when the fluorinated regions are located in the outer shell (tubes).

Published
2011
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8. Structure control at the nanoscale in fluorinated graphitized carbon blacks through the fluorination route

Author

Elodie Disa, André Hamwi, Katia Guérin, Elodie Petit, Jean-Louis Mansot, Yasser Ahmad, Marc Dubois, P. Thomas, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Matériaux Inorganiques (LMI), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Clermont Université-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Technologie des Surfaces et Interfaces [URp2_2] (GTSI), Université des Antilles (UA), Groupe de Technologie des Surfaces et Interfaces (GTSI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand - Clermont Auvergne (ICCF), Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Clermont Université-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fluorocarbon, chemistry.chemical_element, Graphitized carbon black, 7. Clean energy, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Fluorination, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thermal stability, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Tribologic properties, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Thermal decomposition, Carbon black, Primary lithium battery, Lithium battery, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Chemical engineering, Fluorine, Nano-sized, Carbon
Abstract

Two synthesis ways were applied to fluorination of a novel nano-sized graphitized carbon black: (i) direct fluorination (under a flux of pure molecular fluorine) and (ii) controlled fluorination by TbF4 thermal decomposition. The thermal, electrochemical and tribologic properties of the various fluorinated nanocarbons obtained have been investigated. Fluorinated compounds produced by means of controlled fluorination present higher thermal stability and better tribologic properties than those obtained using direct fluorination. On the other hand, the study of the electrochemical performances as electrode material in primary lithium battery underlines that the direct fluorination is more efficient than the controlled way taking into account the energy and power densities. Each fluorination way leads to specific mechanisms of covalent grafting of fluorine atoms onto nanocarbons. These mechanisms have been studied by deep physical–chemical characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 13C and 19F nuclei in order to determine the C F bond nature, the structure and textural properties of the fluorocarbon compounds.

Published
2014
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9. Enhanced concentration of dispersed carbon nanofibres in organic solvents through their functionalization by fluorination

Author

Marc Dubois, Lawrence Frezet, Nadiège Nomède-Martyr, Elodie Disa, Katia Guérin, André Hamwi, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), MI, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bonnefoy, Stéphanie

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Nanostructure, Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Surface modification, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thermal stability, Fluorination Carbon nanofibres Hansen theory Dispersion Solubility Polar solvents Aprotic solvents Protic solvents Apolar solvents UV-Visible spectroscopy SEM, Solubility, Dispersion (chemistry), Carbon
Abstract

International audience; Covalent functionalization through pure molecular gaseous fluorinationhas been applied on carbon nanofibres. Nuclear magnetic resona nce and thermal gravimetric analysis investigations have been per- formed on fluorinated carbon nanofibres in order to determine the chemical and thermal stability of the C-F bonding. The high covalency obtained allows no significantmodificationof the physicochemical nanostructure of fluorinatedcarbon nanofibresafter sonification.Such modificationof surface chemistry leads to a high increase in the limit concentr ation of dispersed carbon nanofibresin organic solvents without surfactant. An exciting maximum of 570 mg L 1 of fluorinated nanofibrescan be homogeneously dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone, whereas 310 mg L 1 is the maximum for non-fluorinated carbon nanofibres. In order to understand such dispersibility differences, Hildebrand and Hansen solubility the- ory has been used.

Published
2013
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10. Tribological properties of fluorinated nanocarbons with different shape factors

Author

Laurence Romana, Marc Dubois, Elodie Disa, Wei Zhang, André Hamwi, P. Thomas, Jean-Louis Mansot, Nadiège Nomède-Martyr, Katia Guérin, MI, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Technologie des Surfaces et Interfaces (GTSI), Université des Antilles (UA), Centre Commun de Caractérisation des Matériaux des Antilles et de la Guyane (C3MAG), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Technologie des Surfaces et Interfaces [URp2_2] (GTSI), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fluorination Nanolubricant Nanocarbon Friction Tribology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Fluorocarbon, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Shape factor, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Organic Chemistry, Cleavage (crystal), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, chemistry, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Chemical engineering, Covalent bond, Fluorine, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Carbon
Abstract

International audience; The structural parameters of fluorinated nanocarbons presenting different shapes, i.e. spherical, tubular and discotic are investigated and correlated to their tribological properties. Different fluorination rates of graphitized carbon blacks (0D), carbon nanofibres (1D) and a mixture of carbon nanodiscs and nanocones (2D) were achieved under pure molecular fluorine gas flow (direct fluorination). Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and 19F solid state nuclear magnetic resonance underline similar structure and nature of the C-F bonds (covalent) for equivalent fluorine contents. In spite of the similarities of physical-chemical properties at equivalent fluorine contents, the tribological properties of the fluorinated nanocarbons differ. Those properties are discussed taking into account the role of the fluorine content and location of the fluorine atoms in the decrease of the interparticle interactions and in the cleavage of the external fluorocarbon layers to form the tribofilm. Finally, the effect of the shape is discussed.

Published
2012
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