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1. Inferring the HII region escape fraction of ionizing photons from infrared emission lines in metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxies

Author

L. Ramambason, V. Lebouteiller, A. Bik, C. T. Richardson, F. Galliano, D. Schaerer, C. Morisset, F. L. Polles, S. C. Madden, M. Chevance, I. De Looze, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elon University [NC, USA], SOFIA/USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA, Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], H II REGIONS, dwarf [galaxies], MU-M, FOS: Physical sciences, LYMAN CONTINUUM ESCAPE, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], LY-ALPHA, MECHANICAL FEEDBACK, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM, starburst [galaxies], ISM [infrared], numerical [methods], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, STARBURST GALAXY, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Physics and Astronomy, radiative transfer, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD, structure [ISM], X-RAY BINARIES
Abstract

(abridged) Quantifying the ISM porosity to ionizing photons in nearby galaxies may improve our understanding of the mechanisms leading to Lyman Continuum photons leakage from galaxies. Primitive galaxies with low metal and dust content have been shown to host a more patchy and porous ISM than their high-metallicity counterparts. To what extent this peculiar structure contributes to the leakage of ionizing photons remains to be quantitatively studied. To address these questions we build a refined grid of models including density-bounded regions and a possible contribution of an X-ray source. Using MULTIGRIS, a new Bayesian code based on Monte Carlo sampling, we combine the models as sectors under various assumptions to extract the probability density distributions of the parameters and infer the corresponding escape fractions from H II regions (fesc,HII). We apply this new code to a sample of 39 well-know local starbursting dwarf galaxies from the Dwarf Galaxy Survey. We confirm previous results hinting at an increased porosity to ionizing photons of the ISM in low-metallicity galaxies and provide, for the first time, quantitative predictions for fesc,HII. The predicted fesc,HII for low-metallicity objects span a large range of values, up to 60%, while the values derived for more metal-rich galaxies are globally lower. We also examine the influence of other parameters on the escape fractions, and find that the specific star-formation rate correlates best with fesc,HII . Finally, we provide observational line ratios which could be used as tracers of the photons escaping from density-bounded regions. Although this multi-sector modelling remains too simple to fully capture the ISM complexity, it can be used to preselect galaxy samples with potential leakage of ionizing photons based on current and up-coming spectral data in unresolved surveys of local and high-redshift galaxies., 39 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2022
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2. Origin and fate of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the Kerguelen Islands region (Southern Ocean) in late summer

Author

Marine Remize, Frédéric Planchon, Ai Ning Loh, Fabienne Le Grand, Antoine Bideau, Eleonora Puccinelli, Aswani Volety, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Elon University [NC, USA], Isblue, and ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017)

Subjects
Diatoms, Heterotrophic interactions, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phytoplankton diversity, Fatty acid export, Nutritional quality, Aquatic Science, Vertical distribution, Oceanography, Essential fatty acids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are molecules produced at the basis of marine food webs and essential for ecosystem functioning. This study reports detailed fatty acid (FA) composition including the two LC-PUFA 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, in suspended organic matter (SPOM) from the upper 300 m collected in the Kerguelen Island region in the Southern Ocean during the post-bloom period (February–March 2018; project MOBYDICK). FA profiles were largely dominated by PUFA (53–69% of Total Fatty Acid, TFA) regardless of stations and among PUFA, proportions of LC-PUFA were especially high, making up 27–44% of TFA both in the ML and upper mesopelagic. 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 co-occurred in the ML as a result of the post-bloom phytoplankton community showing a mixed composition dominated by small size phytoplankton (prymnesiophytes and prasinophytes) supplying 22:6n-3, and with diatoms in lower proportions supplying 20:5n-3. Elevated levels of LC-PUFA were observed both inside the iron-fertilized area on the Kerguelen Plateau and downstream, and outside in High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll waters located upstream of the Plateau, and appeared unrelated to site. In the upper mesopelagic, both LC-PUFA were maintained at high relative proportions suggesting an efficient and possibly fast vertical transfer from the surface. Transfer with depth seems to proceed via distinct pathways according to LC-PUFA. 20:5n-3 may be exported along with diatoms, presumably in the form of large intact cells, aggregates as well as resting spores. For 22:6n-3, transfer may involve a channeling through the heterotrophic food web resulting in its association with fecal material at depth. Channeling of 22:6n-3 could involve heterotrophic protists such as dinoflagellates and ciliates grazing on small phytoplankton, as well as larger zooplankton such as copepods and salps, possibly feeding on microzooplankton and producing fecal pellets rich in 22:6n-3. According to LC-PUFA content, SPOM present throughout the upper water column (0–300 m) appeared of high nutritional quality both on- and off-plateau, and represented a valuable source of food for secondary consumers and suspension feeders.

Published
2022
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3. Study of Synthesis Pathways of the Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid 20:5n-3 in the Diatom Chaetoceros Muelleri Using 13C-Isotope Labeling

Author

Nelly Le Goïc, Ai Ning Loh, Philippe Miner, Aswani K. Volety, Antoine Bideau, Philippe Soudant, Rudolph Corvaisier, Frédéric Planchon, Elodie Fleury, Marine Remize, Fabienne Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Elon University [NC, USA], This research was funded by the Universitéde Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) and Center for MarineSciences (CMS) at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), the Interdisciplinary School for the BluePlanet (ISblue) and the Walter-Zellidja grant of the Académie Française., ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chaetoceros muelleri, lcsh:QR1-502, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 20:5n-3 (EPA), Chaetoceros muelleri, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Isotope, Acl, Fatty acid, Polar lipids, biology.organism_classification, diatom, 5n-3 (EPA) [20], synthesis pathway, Neutral lipid, Diatom, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, acyl-editing mechanism, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, compound-specific isotope analysis, 20:5n-3 (EPA), 010606 plant biology & botany, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

The present study sought to characterize the synthesis pathways producing the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 20:5n-3 (EPA). For this, the incorporation of 13C was experimentally monitored into 10 fatty acids (FA) during the growth of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri for 24 h. Chaetoceros muelleri preferentially and quickly incorporated 13C into C18 PUFAs such as 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 as well as 16:0 and 16:1n-7, which were thus highly 13C-enriched. During the experiment, 20:5n-3 and 16:3n-4 were among the least-enriched fatty acids. The calculation of the enrichment percentage ratio of a fatty acid B over its suspected precursor A allowed us to suggest that the diatom produced 20:5n-3 (EPA) by a combination between the n-3 (via 18:4n-3) and n-6 (via 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6) synthesis pathways as well as the alternative &omega, 3 desaturase pathway (via 20:4n-6). In addition, as FA from polar lipids were generally more enriched in 13C than FA from neutral lipids, particularly for 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, the existence of acyl-editing mechanisms and connectivity between polar and neutral lipid fatty acid pools were also hypothesized. Because 16:3n-4 and 20:5n-3 presented the same concentration and enrichment dynamics, a structural and metabolic link was proposed between these two PUFAs in C. muelleri.

Published
2020
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4. Fatty acid isotopic fractionation in the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri

Author

Marine Remize, Ai Ning Loh, Antoine Bideau, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Rudolph Corvaisier, Frédéric Planchon, Fabienne Le Grand, Aswani K. Volety, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), WasserCluster Lunz, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU) and Competence Centre Wood K plus, Elon University [NC, USA], Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet, ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Fractionation, Chaetoceros muelleri, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Algae, Dissolved organic carbon, Photosynthesis, Stable isotopes, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, δ13C, biology, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Fatty acid synthesis, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, Environmental chemistry, Phytoplankton, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, Carbon, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

International audience; Carbon isotopic fractionation was studied during the development of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri grown in batch culture with 13C-depleted CO2 addition. Cellular and growth parameters and isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and particulate organic carbon were monitored every two days, while the content and isotopic composition of individual fatty acid in polar lipid and neutral lipid were measured on the 5th day (end of exponential phase), 10th and 14th days (stationary phase). Continuous addition of petrochemical CO2 to the algae led to a rapid and strong modification of dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic composition with cascading effects on particulate organic carbon and fatty acid isotopic compositions. Carbon isotope fractionation in Chaetoceros muelleri ranged from 17‰ to 25‰ and changed according to culture ages. Isotopic fractionation into fatty acids, overall, was similar between polar and neutral lipids, and was systematically higher than in particulate organic carbon. At the end of the exponential growth phase, the isotopic composition of individual fatty acids varied from −51.3‰ to −58.4‰. At this culture age, large differences in the isotopic compositions between fatty acids were observed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 16:3n-4, 18:4n-3, and 20:5n-3 were more strongly 13C-depleted than other fatty acids such as 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7 or 18:1n-9. These results showed how isotopic effects occur during the desaturation and elongation phases. Such isotopic effects were also supported by the lower δ13C of averaged δ13C of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids as compared to those of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, during the stationary phase, fatty acid isotopic compositions were less variable and closer to particulate organic carbon, while saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were more depleted than polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our study underlined the importance of consideration of phytoplankton physiological status when conducting ecological and biogeochemical studies as they appeared to strongly control phytoplankton carbon isotopic composition.

Published
2021
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5. Identification of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Pathways in the Toxic Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum Using 13C-Labelling

Author

Christophe Lambert, Aswani K. Volety, Fabienne Le Grand, Adeline Bidault, Marine Remize, Philippe Soudant, Ai Ning Loh, Antoine Bideau, Rudolph Corvaisier, Frédéric Planchon, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Elon University [NC, USA], ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Alexandrium minutum, PKS pathway, lcsh:QR1-502, 22:6n-3, Dinophyte, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, PUFA synthesis, Labelling, Polyketide synthase, Molecular Biology, Fatty acid synthesis, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 6n-3 [22], Polar lipids, DHA, encystment, chemistry, biology.protein, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

The synthetic pathways responsible for the production of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 were studied in the Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum. The purpose of this work was to follow the progressive incorporation of an isotopic label (13CO2) into 11 fatty acids to better understand the fatty acid synthesis pathways in A. minutum. The Dinophyte growth was monitored for 54 hours using high-frequency sampling. A. minutum presented a growth in two phases. A lag phase was observed during the first 30 hours of development and had been associated with the probable temporary encystment of Dinophyte cells. An exponential growth phase was then observed after t30. A. minutum rapidly incorporated 13C into 22:6n-3, which ended up being the most 13C-enriched polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in this experiment, with a higher 13C atomic enrichment than 18:4n-3, 18:5n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. Overall, the 13C atomic enrichment (AE) was inversely proportional to number of carbons in n-3 PUFA. C18 PUFAs, 18:4n-3, and 18:5n-3, were indeed among the least 13C-enriched FAs during this experiment. They were assumed to be produced by the n-3 PUFA pathway. However, they could not be further elongated or desaturated to produce n-3 C20-C22 PUFA, because the AEs of the n-3 C18 PUFAs were lower than those of the n-3 C20-C22 PUFAs. Thus, the especially high atomic enrichment of 22:6n-3 (55.8% and 54.9% in neutral lipids (NLs) and polar lipids (PLs), respectively) led us to hypothesize that this major PUFA was synthesized by an O2-independent Polyketide Synthase (PKS) pathway. Another parallel PKS, independent of the one leading to 22:6n-3, was also supposed to produce 20:5n-3. The inverse order of the 13C atomic enrichment for n-3 PUFAs was also suspected to be related to the possible &beta, oxidation of long-chain n-3 PUFAs occurring during A. minutum encystment.

Published
2020
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6. R2d2 drives selfish sweeps in the house mouse

Author

David W. Threadgill, Wesley J. Jolley, Maria da Graça Ramalhinho, James Holt, Amanda J. Chunco, Lydia Ortiz de Solorzano, Daniel W. Förster, Daniel Pomp, Andrew Holmes, Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Sofia A. Grize, Leonard McMillan, Sofia I. Gabriel, Mabel D. Giménez, John P. Didion, Jeremy S. Herman, Jeremy B. Searle, George M. Weinstock, Riccardo Castiglia, İslam Gündüz, Kunjie Hua, Timothy A. Bell, Karl J. Campbell, John E. French, Janice Britton-Davidian, Karen L. Svenson, Andrew P. Morgan, Elissa J. Chesler, Carol J. Bult, Maria da Luz Mathias, Daniel M. Gatti, George P. Mitsainas, James J. Crowley, Rachel C. McMullan, Pat Thomas-Laemont, Heidi C. Hauffe, Yung-Hao Ching, Meng Shin Shiao, Stephan P. Rosshart, Liran Yadgary, María José López-Fuster, Emanuela Solano, Barbara Rehermann, Gary A. Churchill, Jacint Ventura Queija, Eva B. Giagia-Athanasopoulou, Theodore Garland, Anna K. Lindholm, University of Zurich, de Villena, Fernando Pardo-Manuel, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (UNC Lineberger), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Island Conservation, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Elon University [NC, USA], University of North Carolina System (UNC), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies [Aveiro] (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), Department of Biology [Patras], University of Patras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Ondokuz Mayis University (OMU), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Department of Computer Science [Chapel Hill], Universitat de Barcelona (UB), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Bethesda], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Mahidol University [Bangkok], Texas A&M University [College Station], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, University of Patras [Patras], Ondokuz Mayis University, and OMÜ

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Selection, Genetic, Meiotic Drive, House Mouse, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Mice, Settore BIO/05 - ZOOLOGIA, 0302 clinical medicine, Darwinian Fitness, MUS MUSCULUS DOMESTICUS, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Models, Genetic, Selective sweep, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Selfish Genes, education.field_of_study, Nuclear Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Meiotic drive, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Fixation (population genetics), Fast Track, 590 Animals (Zoology), Female, MESH: DNA Copy Number Variations, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Selective Sweep, Selfish genes, MESH: Mutation, DNA Copy Number Variations, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Population, MESH: Genetics, Population, MESH: Biological Evolution, Biology, R2d2, Evolution, Molecular, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Genetic drift, 1311 Genetics, Genetic variation, 1312 Molecular Biology, Animals, Selection, Genetic, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], education, Molecular Biology, MESH: Mice, Alleles, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, MESH: Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Models, Genetic, MESH: Alleles, Genetic Variation, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, MESH: Male, House mouse, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: RNA-Binding Proteins, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mutation, 570 Life sciences, biology, MESH: Nuclear Proteins, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Mitsainas, George/0000-0003-4976-8275; Lindholm, Anna K/0000-0001-8460-9769; Mathias, Maria da Luz/0000-0003-3876-958X; Foerster, Daniel/0000-0002-6934-0404; Hauffe, Heidi Christine C/0000-0003-3098-8964; Threadgill, David W/0000-0003-3538-1635; Gabriel, Sofia I/0000-0003-3702-4631; Chesler, Elissa/0000-0002-5642-5062; Didion, John/0000-0002-8111-6261; solano, emanuela/0000-0001-8482-9243; Weinstock, George/0000-0002-2997-4592; McMullan, Rachel/0000-0003-0297-4549; Holt, James/0000-0001-6411-9236; Rehermann, Barbara/0000-0001-6832-9951 WOS: 000376170300001 PubMed: 26882987 A selective sweep is the result of strong positive selection driving newly occurring or standing genetic variants to fixation, and can dramatically alter the pattern and distribution of allelic diversity in a population. Population-level sequencing data have enabled discoveries of selective sweeps associated with genes involved in recent adaptations in many species. In contrast, much debate but little evidence addresses whether "selfish" genes are capable of fixation-thereby leaving signatures identical to classical selective sweeps-despite being neutral or deleterious to organismal fitness. We previously described R2d2, a large copy-number variant that causes nonrandom segregation of mouse Chromosome 2 in females due to meiotic drive. Here we show population-genetic data consistent with a selfish sweep driven by alleles of R2d2 with high copy number (R2d2(HC)) in natural populations. We replicate this finding inmultiple closed breeding populations from six outbred backgrounds segregating for R2d2 alleles. We find that R2d2(HC) rapidly increases in frequency, and in most cases becomes fixed in significantly fewer generations than can be explained by genetic drift. R2d2(HC) is also associated with significantly reduced litter sizes in heterozygous mothers, making it a true selfish allele. Our data provide direct evidence of populations actively undergoing selfish sweeps, and demonstrate that meiotic drive can rapidly alter the genomic landscape in favor of mutations with neutral or even negative effects on overall Darwinian fitness. Further study will reveal the incidence of selfish sweeps, and will elucidate the relative contributions of selfish genes, adaptation and genetic drift to evolution. National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [T32GM067553, F30MH103925, P50GM076468, K01MH094406, DK-076050, DK-056350, AG038070]; National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-1121273]; Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship AwardUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation [FI-478-13]; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel CommandU.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Command (USAMRMC) [W81XWH-11-1-0762]; Jackson Laboratory new investigator funds; National Center for Scientific Research, France [ISEM 2016-002]; University of Rome "La Sapienza"; Claraz-Stiftung; Natural Environment Research Council (UK)NERC Natural Environment Research Council; EU Human Capital and Mobility Programme [CHRX-CT93-0192]; Foundation for Science and Technology, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/BIA-EVF/116884/2010, UID/AMB/50017/2013]; Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia"Spanish Government [CGL2007-62111]; "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad"Spanish Government [CGL2010-15243]; School of Medicine at University of North Carolina We wish to thank all the scientists and research personnel who collected and processed the samples used in this study. In particular we acknowledge Luanne Peters and Alex Hong-Tsen Yu for providing critical samples; Ryan Buus and T. Justin Gooch for isolating DNA for high-density genotyping of wild-caught mice; and Vicki Cappa, A. Cerveira, Guila Ganem, Ron and Annabelle Lesher, K. Said, Toni Schelts, Dan Small, and J. Tapisso for aiding in mouse trapping. We thank Muriel Davisson at the Jackson Laboratory for maintaining, for several decades, tissue samples from breeding colonies used to generate wild-derived inbred strains. We also thank Francis Collins, Jim Evans, Matthew Hahn, and Corbin Jones for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health T32GM067553 to J.P.D. and A.P.M., F30MH103925 to A.P.M., P50GM076468 to E.J.C., G.A.C., and F.P.M.V., K01MH094406 to J.J.C., DK-076050 and DK-056350 to D.P., AG038070 to G.A.C, and the intramural research program to B.R. and S.P.R.; National Science Foundation IOS-1121273 to T.G.; Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award FI-478-13 to L.Y.; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command W81XWH-11-1-0762 to C.J.B.; The Jackson Laboratory new investigator funds to E.J.C.; The National Center for Scientific Research, France to J.B.D. (this is contribution no ISEM 2016-002); the University of Rome "La Sapienza" to R.C. and E.S.; Claraz-Stiftung to S.G. and A.L.; Natural Environment Research Council (UK) to M.D.G., H.C.H., and J.B.S.; EU Human Capital and Mobility Programme (CHRX-CT93-0192) to H.C.H. and J.B.S.; Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal PTDC/BIA-EVF/116884/2010 and UID/AMB/50017/2013 to S.I.G., M.L.M., and J.B.S.; Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia" CGL2007-62111 and "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" CGL2010-15243 to J.V.;and the Oliver Smithies Investigator funds provided by the School of Medicine at University of North Carolina to F.P.M.V. All data are made available at http://csbio.unc.edu/r2d2/. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to F.P.M.V. (fernando@med.unc.edu).

Published
2016
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7. Neurotrophins and cognitive functions in T1D compared with healthy controls

Author

Elsa Heyman, Serge Berthoin, Stephen J. Bailey, Maria Francesca Piacentini, Cajsa Tonoli, Bart Roelands, Nathalie Pattyn, Luk Buyse, Romain Meeusen, Human Physiology and Special Physiology of Physical Education, Experimental and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Spine Research Group, Advanced Rehabilitation Technology & Science, Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Artois, Université de Lille, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - EA 7369, Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé [EA4488], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 [URePSSS], Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] [VUB], Elon University [NC, USA], Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé (EA4488), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille

Subjects
Male, cognition, endocrine system diseases, Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetic Neuropathies, Neurotrophic factors, Heart Rate, Medicine, Insulin, Cognitive decline, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Nutrition and Dietetics, diabetes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Cognition, General Medicine, Cognitive test, Up-Regulation, insulin-like growth factor-1, Female, Adult, free insulin, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurogenesis, Physical Exertion, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Motor Activity, Diabetes Complications, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Humans, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, medicine.disease, Bicycling, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract

Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. This effect is greatly favored by an exercise-induced increase in neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), especially with high-intensity exercises (HIE). As a complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a cognitive decline may occur, mostly ascribed to hypoglycaemia and chronic hyperglycaemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute HIE on cognitive function and neurotrophins in T1D and matched controls. Ten trained T1D (8 males, 2 females) participants and their matched (by age, sex, fitness level) controls were evaluated on 2 occasions after familiarization: a maximal test to exhaustion and an HIE bout (10 intervals of 60 s at 90% of their maximal wattage followed by 60 s at 50 W). Cognitive tests and analyses of serum BDNF, IGF-1, and free insulin were performed before and after HIE and following 30 min of recovery. At baseline, cognitive performance was better in the controls compared with the T1D participants (p < 0.05). After exercise, no significant differences in cognitive performance were detected. BDNF levels were significantly higher and IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in T1D compared with the control group (p < 0.05) at all time points. Exercise increased BDNF and IGF-1 levels in a comparable percentage in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although resting levels of serum BDNF and IGF-1 were altered by T1D, comparable increasing effects on BDNF and IGF-1 in T1D and healthy participants were found. Therefore, regularly repeating acute HIE could be a promising strategy for brain health in T1D.

Published
2015
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8. The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey

Author

Christopher P. Ahn, Rachael Alexandroff, Carlos Allende Prieto, Scott F. Anderson, Timothy Anderton, Brett H. Andrews, Éric Aubourg, Stephen Bailey, Eduardo Balbinot, Rory Barnes, Julian Bautista, Timothy C. Beers, Alessandra Beifiori, Andreas A. Berlind, Vaishali Bhardwaj, Dmitry Bizyaev, Cullen H. Blake, Michael R. Blanton, Michael Blomqvist, John J. Bochanski, Adam S. Bolton, Arnaud Borde, Jo Bovy, W. N. Brandt, J. Brinkmann, Peter J. Brown, Joel R. Brownstein, Kevin Bundy, N. G. Busca, William Carithers, Aurelio R. Carnero, Michael A. Carr, Dana I. Casetti-Dinescu, Yanmei Chen, Cristina Chiappini, Johan Comparat, Natalia Connolly, Justin R. Crepp, Stefano Cristiani, Rupert A. C. Croft, Antonio J. Cuesta, Luiz N. da Costa, James R. A. Davenport, Kyle S. Dawson, Roland de Putter, Nathan De Lee, Timothée Delubac, Saurav Dhital, Anne Ealet, Garrett L. Ebelke, Edward M. Edmondson, Daniel J. Eisenstein, S. Escoffier, Massimiliano Esposito, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Bruno Femenía Castellá, Emma Fernández Alvar, Leticia D. Ferreira, N. Filiz Ak, Hayley Finley, Scott W. Fleming, Andreu Font-Ribera, Peter M. Frinchaboy, D. A. García-Hernández, A. E. García Pérez, Jian Ge, R. Génova-Santos, Bruce A. Gillespie, Léo Girardi, Jonay I. González Hernández, Eva K. Grebel, James E. Gunn, Hong Guo, Daryl Haggard, Jean-Christophe Hamilton, David W. Harris, Suzanne L. Hawley, Frederick R. Hearty, Shirley Ho, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Klaus Honscheid, J. Huehnerhoff, Inese I. Ivans, Željko Ivezić, Heather R. Jacobson, Linhua Jiang, Jonas Johansson, Jennifer A. Johnson, Guinevere Kauffmann, David Kirkby, Jessica A. Kirkpatrick, Mark A. Klaene, Gillian R. Knapp, Jean-Paul Kneib, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Alexie Leauthaud, Khee-Gan Lee, Young Sun Lee, Daniel C. Long, Craig P. Loomis, Sara Lucatello, Britt Lundgren, Robert H. Lupton, Bo Ma, Zhibo Ma, Nicholas MacDonald, Claude E. Mack, Suvrath Mahadevan, Marcio A. G. Maia, Steven R. Majewski, Martin Makler, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, A. Manchado, Rachel Mandelbaum, Marc Manera, Claudia Maraston, Daniel Margala, Sarah L. Martell, Cameron K. McBride, Ian D. McGreer, Richard G. McMahon, Brice Ménard, Sz. Meszaros, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, Antonio D. Montero-Dorta, Francesco Montesano, Heather L. Morrison, Demitri Muna, Jeffrey A. Munn, Hitoshi Murayama, Adam D. Myers, A. F. Neto, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Robert C. Nichol, David L. Nidever, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Sebastián E. Nuza, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Matthew D. Olmstead, Daniel J. Oravetz, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Kaike Pan, John K. Parejko, Prachi Parihar, Isabelle Pâris, Petchara Pattarakijwanich, Joshua Pepper, Will J. Percival, Ismael Pérez-Fournon, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Patrick Petitjean, Janine Pforr, Matthew M. Pieri, Marc H. Pinsonneault, G. F. Porto de Mello, Francisco Prada, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, M. Jordan Raddick, Rafael Rebolo, James Rich, Gordon T. Richards, Annie C. Robin, Helio J. Rocha-Pinto, Constance M. Rockosi, Natalie A. Roe, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Ross, Graziano Rossi, J. A. Rubiño-Martin, Lado Samushia, J. Sanchez Almeida, Ariel G. Sánchez, Basílio Santiago, Conor Sayres, David J. Schlegel, Katharine J. Schlesinger, Sarah J. Schmidt, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Axel D. Schwope, C. G. Scóccola, Uros Seljak, Erin Sheldon, Yue Shen, Yiping Shu, Jennifer Simmerer, Audrey E. Simmons, Ramin A. Skibba, M. F. Skrutskie, A. Slosar, Flavia Sobreira, Jennifer S. Sobeck, Keivan G. Stassun, Oliver Steele, Matthias Steinmetz, Michael A. Strauss, Alina Streblyanska, Nao Suzuki, Molly E. C. Swanson, Tomer Tal, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Daniel Thomas, Benjamin A. Thompson, Jeremy L. Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Christy A. Tremonti, M. Vargas Magaña, Licia Verde, Matteo Viel, Shailendra K. Vikas, Nicole P. Vogt, David A. Wake, Ji Wang, Benjamin A. Weaver, David H. Weinberg, Benjamin J. Weiner, Andrew A. West, Martin White, John C. Wilson, John P. Wisniewski, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Brian Yanny, Christophe Yèche, Donald G. York, O. Zamora, Gail Zasowski, Idit Zehavi, Gong-Bo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Guangtun Zhu, Joel C. Zinn, APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), BOSS, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elon University [NC, USA], Department of Astronomy [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], The University of Notre Dame [Sydney], Apache point observatory, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Universitat de Barcelona, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Atles, Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, Astronomical spectroscopy, Via láctea, Observatory, Observacions astronòmiques, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Mapeamentos astronômicos, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Atlases, Astrometry, Cosmology, atlases, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astronomical observations, Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, catalogs, surveys, Formacao de galaxias, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Espectroscòpia, Galaxy, Spectrum analysis, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Catalogs, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median z=0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z=2.32), and 90,897 new stellar spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009 December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in temperature estimates for stars with T_eff-0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed as part of the SDSS-III Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration-2 (SEGUE-2). The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) along with another year of data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in December 2014., 9 figures; 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. DR9 is available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr9

Published
2012
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9. Biomedical imaging ontologies: A survey and proposal for future work

Author

Charles E. Kahn, Barry Smith, James A. Overton, Sivaram Arabandi, Scott Doyle, Ilya G. Goldberg, Metin N. Gurcan, John E. Tomaszewski, Michael E. Calhoun, Mathias Brochhausen, Paolo Ciccarese, Bernard Gibaud, Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Ontopro LLC, Houston, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Department of Health and Human Performance, Elon University [NC, USA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Knocean, Knocean Toronto, Department of Biomedical Informatics [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Equipe Medicis, Ltsi, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and University of Pennsylvania

Subjects
Computer science, Interoperability, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Health Informatics, interoperability, Ontology (information science), Histopathology imaging, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Domain (software engineering), Open Biomedical Ontologies, Histopathology imaging, interoperability, ontology, quantitative histopathology image ontology, Controlled vocabulary, Medical imaging, lcsh:Pathology, Upper ontology, ontology, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Information retrieval, Data science, Computer Science Applications, Work (electrical), quantitative histopathology image ontology, lcsh:R858-859.7, Original Article, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, lcsh:RB1-214
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:Ontology is one strategy for promoting interoperability of heterogeneous data through consistent tagging. An ontology is a controlled structured vocabulary consisting of general terms (such as "cell" or "image" or "tissue" or "microscope") that form the basis for such tagging. These terms are designed to represent the types of entities in the domain of reality that the ontology has been devised to capture; the terms are provided with logical definitions thereby also supporting reasoning over the tagged data.AIM:This paper provides a survey of the biomedical imaging ontologies that have been developed thus far. It outlines the challenges, particularly faced by ontologies in the fields of histopathological imaging and image analysis, and suggests a strategy for addressing these challenges in the example domain of quantitative histopathology imaging.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:The ultimate goal is to support the multiscale understanding of disease that comes from using interoperable ontologies to integrate imaging data with clinical and genomics data.

Published
2015
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10. Proposal for increasing diagnostic clarity in research and clinical practice by renaming and reframing atypical anorexia nervosa as "Restrictive Eating Disorder" (RED).

Author

Birgegård A, Mantilla EF, Breithaupt LE, Borg S, Sanzari CM, Padalecki S, Hedlund E, and Bulik CM

Subjects
Humans, Weight Loss, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa diagnosis, Anorexia Nervosa psychology, Feeding and Eating Disorders diagnosis
Abstract

Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), is characterized by meeting all criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) except for weight being within or above the "normal" range despite significant weight loss. The current definition is plagued by several problems, resulting in widely heterogeneous operationalizations in research and clinical practice. As such, the poorly defined diagnosis of AAN negatively impacts affected individuals and frustrates research attempts to better understand the syndrome. We consider conceptual flaws in the AAN description and contend that the undefined weight range and nature of weight loss renders these two factors functionally inapplicable in research and practice. They also represent a departure from the originally intended use of the AAN category, i.e., arresting a negative weight trajectory likely to result in AN, making the target population, and the application of the label, unclear. We propose revised criteria and a new name, restrictive eating disorder (RED), intended to reduce stigma and encompass a wide but better-defined range of presentations. The RED criteria focus on clinically significant restrictive behavior that disrupts normal living (i.e., impairment), and cognitive symptoms of overevaluation, disturbed experience, and lack of recognition of illness seriousness. We believe that RED may enable more appropriate clinical application, but also inspire coordinated research toward a more valid psychiatric nosology in the eating disorders field., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest CM Bulik reports: Shire/Takeda (grant recipient, Scientific Advisory Board member); Lundbeckfonden (grant recipient); Pearson (author, royalty recipient); Equip Health Inc. (Clinical Advisory Board). L Breithaupt reports: Otuska (consultant). The other authors have no conflict to declare., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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11. Pre-Prison and Indigenous Predictors of Institutional Misconduct.

Author

Quick E, Iselin AM, DeCoster J, and Fasone H

Subjects
Adult, Male, Female, Humans, Prisons, Forecasting, Prisoners, Problem Behavior
Abstract

This study prospectively predicted institutional misconduct over a 34-month period using pre-prison factors-intrinsic characteristics an individual brings into prison-stemming from importation theory and indigenous factors-prison environment factors that affect an incarcerated adult-stemming from deprivation theory. Participants were 114 male and female incarcerated adults. Poisson regressions predicting the number of institutional infractions partially supported each of the models tested. Both pre-prison factors of self-regulatory mode and perceived social support were related to infractions but in unique ways. For regulatory mode, locomotion was positively, and assessment negatively associated with misconduct. For social support, perceptions of guidance received within a reliable alliance with others were negatively related to misconduct, whereas perceptions of guidance without that alliance were positively related to institutional misconduct. Of our indigenous factors, sentence length was negatively related to misconduct, whereas custody level was unrelated to misconduct. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Published
2023
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12. Resource Use After Unwanted Sexual Experiences in Undergraduates: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Factors Related to the Decision to Seek Help.

Author

Fleming CJE, Lynch KA, Hakas MB, and Belanger E

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Students, Universities, Young Adult, Crime Victims, Sex Offenses
Abstract

The risk for sexual victimization in college is high, and although there can be significant mental and physical consequences for the survivor, resource utilization for this issue is extremely low. The current study used the frameworks of both the ecological model and the theory of planned behavior to examine factors related to resource use in undergraduate survivors of unwanted sexual experiences. The sample consisted of 217 undergraduates who reported at least one unwanted sexual experience while in college (89% female, 76.5% Caucasian, M age 19.6). Data were collected in an online survey from a private liberal arts college, and were analyzed using decision tree modeling. Results suggested that resource use was less related to demographic or event characteristics, but rather related to victim response to the event as well as perceptions about control over potential resource use. In addition to key assault prevention efforts, it is thus important to also support survivor mental health and self-efficacy postassault.

Published
2021
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13. Undergraduates' Disclosures of Unwanted Sexual Experiences: Who, Why, and When?

Author

Fleming CJE and Muscari EC

Subjects
Disclosure, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Students, Universities, Crime Victims, Sex Offenses
Abstract

This study evaluated patterns of sexual assault disclosures as well as the response and impact of that response on assault survivors. The sample consisted of 217 undergraduates with a history of sexual assault (89.5% female, 76.5% Caucasian). Participants reported the order in which they disclosed and the nature and impact of the response they received. Results indicated that the majority of participants told close peers first and perceived the first response to be supportive. These findings are encouraging but also demonstrate the need for improving the response that an assault survivor receives.

Published
2021
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14. Social jetlag is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in male but not female adolescents.

Author

Higgins S, Stoner L, Lubransky A, Howe AS, Wong JE, Black K, and Skidmore P

Subjects
Adolescent, Circadian Rhythm, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, New Zealand epidemiology, Sleep, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Abstract

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a vital sign that can improve risk classification for adverse health outcomes. While lifestyle-related factors are associated with CRF, few have examined the influence of sleep characteristics, especially in youths. Social jetlag, a mismatch between one's biological clock and sleep schedule, is prevalent in adolescents and associated with increased adiposity, though its relationship with CRF is unclear., Objective: To quantify the relationship between social jetlag and CRF, independent of other sleep characteristics., Methods: This cross-sectional sample includes 276 New Zealand adolescents (14-18 years, 52.5% female). CRF (VO 2max ) was estimated from a 20-m multi-stage shuttle run. Average sleep duration, sleep disturbances, social jetlag, physical activity, and the number of bedroom screens were estimated from validated self-report surveys. Social jetlag is the difference in hours between the midpoint of sleep during weekdays (school) and weekend days (free). Combined and sex-stratified linear regression assessed the association between sleep outcomes and CRF, controlling for relevant covariates., Results: Males slept 17.6 min less, had less sleep disturbances, and a 25.1-min greater social jetlag than their female peers (all p < 0.05). A 1-h increase in social jetlag was associated with a 0.72 ml/kg/min decrease in VO 2max (95% CI: -1.31, -0.14), independent of other sleep variables, which were not associated with CRF. Sex-specific models indicated an association in males (B -0.93, 95% CI: -1.76, -0.09), but not females (B -0.32, 95% CI: -1.18, 0.55)., Conclusions: Social jetlag is negatively associated with CRF in adolescent males and may be a simple, measurable target for public health interventions., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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15. Relative Employment, Gender Beliefs, and Intimate Partner Coercion and Violence Against New Mothers Across Marital and Residential Contexts.

Author

Zito RC

Subjects
Child, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, Power, Psychological, Trust, Violence, Aggression psychology, Coercion, Crime Victims psychology, Employment psychology, Employment statistics & numerical data, Income statistics & numerical data, Intimate Partner Violence, Mothers psychology, Sexism
Abstract

This research builds on prior studies of intimate partner victimization by examining the impact of women's and men's relative employment, gender traditionalism, and gender distrust on coercive control and physical victimization among married, cohabiting, and noncohabiting couples with infants. It merges feminist approaches that emphasize the gendered meaning of work, power, and violence with prior insights regarding differences in levels of intimate violence across family forms. Specifically, this research recognizes that there is variation across married, cohabiting, and dating contexts in the symbolic meaning of work, the salience of traditionalism, and the tenuous status of relationships that may activate gender distrust in the production of compensatory violence and control. Logistic regression models using baseline and Year 1 Fragile Families and Child Well-Being data ( n = 2,337) indicate that the predictors of coercive control differ across couple types, with the relative odds of coercion higher among couples in which only the woman is employed, but only when cohabiting. Consistent with expectations, men's gender traditionalism increases coercive control, but only in the context of marriage. Relative employment and gender beliefs did not predict physical victimization among any couple types, but a moderating effect of men's gender distrust on women's sole employment was identified, such that status inconsistency in employment increases the relative odds of physical victimization only when the male partner is distrustful of women.

Published
2020
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16. Different types of associative encoding evoke differential processing in both younger and older adults: Evidence from univariate and multivariate analyses.

Author

Dennis NA, Overman AA, Gerver CR, McGraw KE, Rowley MA, and Salerno JM

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Female, Hippocampus physiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Occipital Lobe physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Young Adult, Aging physiology, Aging psychology, Association Learning physiology, Brain physiology
Abstract

Age-related deficits in associative processing are well-documented (e.g., Naveh-Benjamin, 2000) and have been assumed to be the result of a general deficit that affects all types of binding. However, recent behavioral research has indicated that the visual configuration of the information that is presented to older adults influences the degree to which this binding deficit is exhibited by older adults (Overman, Dennis et al, 2019; Overman, Dennis, et al., 2018). The purpose of the present study was to further clarify the neural underpinnings of the associative deficit in aging and to examine whether functional activity at encoding differs with respect to the visual configuration and the type of associative being encoded. Using both univariate and multi-voxel pattern analysis, we found differences in both the magnitude of activation and pattern of neural responses associated with the type of association encoded (item-item and item-context). Specifically, our results suggest that, when controlling for stimuli composition, patterns of activation in sensory and frontal regions within the associative encoding network are able to distinguish between different types of associations. With respect to the MTL, multivariate results suggest that only patterns of activation in the PrC in older, but not younger adults, can distinguish between associations types. These findings extend prior work regarding the neural basis of associative memory in young and older adults, and extends the predictions of the binding of item and context model (BIC; Diana, Yonelinas, Ranganath, 2007) to older adults., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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17. Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Work-Related Needs Measure.

Author

Gallagher VC, Maher LP, Gallagher KP, and Valle M

Abstract

In a work context, employees tend to gravitate toward situations that are most conducive to meeting their needs. The purpose of this research is threefold. First, we define and specify the psychological needs under investigation, briefly highlight extant research, and differentiate needs from other individual difference variables. Second, we demonstrate the limitations of one of the most highly cited psychological needs instruments and introduce a new needs model. Third, we develop and evaluate a multi-dimensional needs inventory using a multi-study design. The strengths and limitations of the proposed and tested model are discussed, as are implications for future research.

Published
2017
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19. Impact of Acute Intermittent Exercise on Natural Killer Cells in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Author

Evans ES, Hackney AC, McMurray RG, Randell SH, Muss HB, Deal AM, and Battaglini CL

Subjects
Adult, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Case-Control Studies, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Pilot Projects, Sleep Wake Disorders, Spirituality, Survivors, Breast Neoplasms immunology, Exercise physiology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Oxygen Consumption physiology
Abstract

Background: Current research examining the effect of exercise on immune responses in cancer survivors is limited., Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of 1 bout of intermittent exercise on natural killer (NK) cell numbers in breast cancer survivors., Methods: A total of 9 women with stage I to III invasive breast cancer who were 3 to 6 months posttreatment and 9 sedentary women without a history of cancer completed 10 three-minute intervals of aerobic exercise on the cycle ergometer at 60% of VO2peak (peak oxygen uptake). Whole blood samples were taken pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 2 hours and 24 hours postexercise. NK cell counts were assessed using flow cytometry., Results: In both groups, NK cell counts significantly increased immediately postexercise compared with pre-exercise (P = .004-.008) and returned to near pre-exercise levels during recovery (P = .129-.547). Absolute NK cell counts were significantly lower in breast cancer survivors immediately postexercise when compared with controls (P = .046)., Conclusions: The breast cancer survivor group exhibited NK cell responses to 30 minutes of moderate-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise that were comparable with that in the group of physically similar women without a history of cancer. Immune changes related to cancer treatments may be related to the lower absolute NK cell counts observed in the breast cancer survivor group. Although the results of this study are preliminary in nature, they suggest that this type of exercise does not disrupt this aspect of innate immunity in recent breast cancer survivors, thereby supporting current exercise recommendations for this population., (© The Author(s) 2015.)

Published
2015
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20. Risk factors for drinking among HIV-positive African American adults: the depression-gender interaction.

Author

Longmire-Avital B, Holder CA, Golub SA, and Parsons JT

Subjects
Alcohol-Related Disorders blood, Alcohol-Related Disorders complications, CD4 Lymphocyte Count statistics & numerical data, Depression blood, Depression complications, Female, HIV Seropositivity blood, HIV Seropositivity complications, HIV Seropositivity immunology, HIV Seropositivity virology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Risk Factors, Self Report, Sex Characteristics, Viral Load statistics & numerical data, Black or African American psychology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcohol-Related Disorders psychology, Depression psychology, HIV Seropositivity psychology
Abstract

Background: Alcohol misuse disproportionately affects people living with HIV. People who struggle with alcohol are also likely to be concurrently struggling with depression. Although there is evidence linking depression to HIV, depression to alcohol, and alcohol to HIV, there is limited research that simultaneously examines the interlocking associations between all three factors., Objective: To investigate the interaction between depression symptomatology and gender on alcohol misuse, while controlling for motivation to reduce drinking, among HIV-positive African Americans. This population was examined because of their increased for developing alcohol dependence., Methods: Data analysis was conducted on baseline survey data of HIV-positive African American adults (N = 88) who drink and were enrolled in the Project PLUS (Positive Living through Understanding and Support) intervention to examine the correlates (i.e., gender, motivation, depression) of drinking in the past 30 days., Results: Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed a significant interaction between gender and depression to predict total drinks reported (R(2) = .56, p < .001). While depression was the sole predictor of drinking for men and suppressed the role of motivation, the reverse was true for women; depression was not a significant predictor after controlling for motivation to reduce drinking., Conclusion: African American men and women living with HIV have different risk factors for recent drinking., Scientific Significance: Understanding the link between depression, gender, and motivation to reduce drinking for HIV-positive adults with alcohol problems is crucial for the development of gender and culturally relevant treatments.

Published
2012
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21. Indicators of transition success for youth living with HIV: perspectives of pediatric and adult infectious disease care providers.

Author

Fair CD, Sullivan K, and Gatto A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Continuity of Patient Care organization & administration, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Personnel organization & administration, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Continuity of Patient Care trends, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, HIV Infections therapy, Health Personnel psychology, Patient Care Planning
Abstract

Rates of HIV infection among adolescents in the US continues to rise, resulting in more individuals who must eventually transition from pediatric to adult care. It is critical that this process go smoothly to ensure continuity of care and to maximize patient outcomes. While research has examined youths' experiences with the transition process, disease-specific indicators of successful transition from pediatric to adult care remain undefined. Identifying indicators will facilitate the evaluation of transition processes, and, ultimately, the empirical determination of best practices. Interviews were conducted with 19 professionals who provide care for children and adults with HIV in southeastern state in the US. Approximately half of the providers self-identified as pediatric care providers. Nine of those interviewed were nurses and physicians and 10 were social workers. Providers had been working in the field of HIV for an average of 11.2 years. Interviews were taped, transcribed, and coded for emergent themes. Providers who care for HIV-infected youth identified both behavior and seriologic indicators of succesful transitions. Behavioral indicators identified were keeping appointments, medication adherence, and demonstrating ownership of medical care. Providers also identified serological markers of a succesful transition, specifically,viral load and CD4 count. Findings provided valuable insight into the perspectives of infectious disease care providers on indicators of successful transition from pediatric to adult care for adolescents with HIV. This is an important first step in developing empirical evaluation measures for transition practices and models. Similar research should be conducted with other groups of providers to assess the generalizability of these findings. Additionally, future research should seek to operationalize the identified behavioral indicators and determine appropriate values to indicate success for all indicators.

Published
2011
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22. Changes in EEG during graded exercise on a recumbent cycle ergometer.

Author

Bailey SP, Hall EE, Folger SE, and Miller PC

Abstract

Previous studies have shown changes in brain activity as a result of exercise; however, few studies have examined changes during exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine brain activity during a graded exercise test. Twenty male participants performed a graded exercise test on a recumbent cycle ergometer. Exercise intensity was set initially at 50W and was increased by 50W every 2 minutes until volitional fatigue was reached. Electroencephalography (EEG) was measured prior to the onset of exercise, during the last minute of each stage of exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 10 minutes into recovery. EEG was recorded from 8 scalp sites leading to analysis of alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, and theta activities. Expired air was collected and analyzed for ventilation rate (VE), VO2, % of peak VO2, and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER). No differences were seen in EEG between the hemispheres of the brain. There was, however, a significant increase in brain activity across the spectrum occurring at 200 W through immediately post-exercise. Brain activity returned to pre- exercise levels by 10 minutes post. VO2, % of peak VO2 and RER increased linearly with exercise intensity. VE increased linearly through 200 W; however, a disproportionate increase was seen in VE from 200 W to peak exercise. The results of this investigation demonstrate that brain activity may be related to exercise intensity. Future research will want to examine how these changes in brain activity influence affective, perceptual and cognitive changes often associated with exercise. Efforts will also need to be made to determine if changes in brain activity during exercise are mediated by central (within the brain) or peripheral mechanisms. Key pointsEEG can be recorded during exercise.Brain EEG activity increases during exercise and may be related to exercise intensity.Brain EEG activity returns to resting levels quickly after the cessation of exercise.

Published
2008

23. Local ice-bag application and triceps surae muscle temperature during treadmill walking.

Author

Bender AL, Kramer EE, Brucker JB, Demchak TJ, Cordova ML, and Stone MB

Abstract

Context: Ice bags "to go" are a common practice in athletic training., Objective: To determine the effect of submaximal exercise on tissue temperatures during a common ice-bag application., Design: 2 X 5 fully repeated-measures design with treatment (cooling while resting, cooling while walking) and time (pretreatment, immediately after ice application, and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes during treatment) as the independent variables., Setting: Laboratory setting., Patients or Other Participants: Sixteen healthy, physically active volunteers (age = 21.63 +/- 2.63 yrs, height = 68.97 +/- 4.00 cm, mass = 80.97 +/- 18.18 kg, calf skinfold = 21.1 +/- 9.3 mm)., Main Outcome Measure(s): Left triceps surae intramuscular and skin temperatures, as measured by thermocouples to the nearest 0.1 degrees C, served as dependent measures., Intervention(s): After collecting baseline temperatures, we secured a 1.0-kg ice bag to the calf using plastic wrap before the subject either rested prone or walked on a treadmill at 4.5 km/h for 30 minutes., Results: Treatment did not (P < 0.10) affect the approximately 15 degrees C (P < 0.0001) surface temperature decrease, which remained depressed immediately upon ice-bag application (P < 0.05). Conversely, intramuscular temperature continually cooled (34 to 28 degrees C), while subjects rested (P < 0.0001), whereas no change took place during walking (P = 0.49). Moreover, at the 20- and 30-minute treatment intervals, the resting intramuscular temperatures were, respectively, 3.9 degrees C and 5.4 degrees C cooler than the walking intramuscular temperatures (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The current trend of wrapping "to go" ice bags to the leg is not likely to achieve deep tissue cooling despite surface temperature decreases.

Published
2005

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