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1. Author Correction: Imaging low-mass planets within the habitable zone of α Centauri

Author

Mikael Karlsson, D. Mawet, Serban Leveratto, Christian Soenke, Elodie Choquet, Sascha P. Quanz, Sven Gutruf, A. Boehle, Gérard Zins, Kjetil Dohlen, Anne-Lise Maire, Nancy Ageorges, Garreth Ruane, Dirk Kampf, O. Guyon, T. de Zeeuw, Eric Pantin, M. Kasper, Pierre Kervella, Pontus Forsberg, U. Käufl, J. P. Kirchbauer, Gerd Jakob, Michael Sterzik, P. Klupar, M. Riquelme, Daniel Apai, P. Duhoux, Ralf Siebenmorgen, Olivier Absil, Arthur Vigan, Robin Arsenault, Prashant Pathak, Alexis Carlotti, G. Orban de Xivry, Kevin Wagner, Johann Kolb, Mamadou N'Diaye, Elsa Huby, Eloy Fuenteseca, Christian Delacroix, Arnd Reutlinger, European Southern Observatory (ESO), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Planet, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Low Mass, Circumstellar habitable zone, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrobiology
Abstract

Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21176-6, published online 10 February 2021.The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 1b, in which the units incorrectly read ‘AU,’ instead of the correct ‘au’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Published
2021
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2. Imaging low-mass planets within the habitable zone of α Centauri

Author

Kjetil Dohlen, Christian Delacroix, Prashant Pathak, Nancy Ageorges, Ralf Siebenmorgen, Arthur Vigan, G. Orban de Xivry, D. Mawet, Serban Leveratto, Garreth Ruane, Pontus Forsberg, Robin Arsenault, Sven Gutruf, A. Boehle, Kevin Wagner, Alexis Carlotti, M. Kasper, Christian Soenke, Arnd Reutlinger, P. Duhoux, Elsa Huby, M. Riquelme, Pierre Kervella, Gerd Jakob, Michael Sterzik, Daniel Apai, Mikael Karlsson, Eloy Fuenteseca, Eric Pantin, Elodie Choquet, U. Käufl, P. Klupar, A. L. Maire, Sascha P. Quanz, T. de Zeeuw, Johann Kolb, Mamadou N'Diaye, Olivier Absil, O. Guyon, Gérard Zins, Dirk Kampf, J. P. Kirchbauer, European Southern Observatory (ESO), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and planetary astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Astrophysics - solar and stellar astrophysics, 010309 optics, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Planet, Teknik och teknologier, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Author Correction, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Computer Science::Databases, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Exoplanets, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, General Chemistry, Exoplanet, Stars, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Engineering and Technology, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Low Mass, Circumstellar habitable zone
Abstract

Giant exoplanets on wide orbits have been directly imaged around young stars. If the thermal background in the mid-infrared can be mitigated, then exoplanets with lower masses can also be imaged. Here we present a ground-based mid-infrared observing approach that enables imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars, and in particular within the closest stellar system, Alpha Centauri. Based on 75-80% of the best quality images from 100 hours of cumulative observations, we demonstrate sensitivity to warm sub-Neptune-sized planets throughout much of the habitable zone of Alpha Centauri A. This is an order of magnitude more sensitive than state-of-the-art exoplanet imaging mass detection limits. We also discuss a possible exoplanet or exozodiacal disk detection around Alpha Centauri A. However, an instrumental artifact of unknown origin cannot be ruled out. These results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging rocky habitable-zone exoplanets with current and upcoming telescopes., Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, published in Nature Communications

Published
2021
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3. VLTI status update: tapping into a powerful second-generation instrumentation

Author

Mario Tapia, Nicolas Schuhler, M. Riquelme, Bruno Lopez, Andres Pino, Lorena Faundez, Christophe Verinaud, Frank Eisenhauer, J. Beltran, A. Ramirez, Pierre van der Heyden, Lieselotte Jochum, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, J. P. Kirchbauer, Fernando Salgado, Claudia Cid, Richard Tamblay, Thibaut Moulin, Alexander Meister, Andreas Glindemann, Pierre Haguenauer, Javier Reyes, F. Delplancke-Ströbele, Angela Cortes, P. Guajardo, Stefan Huber, Anthony Meilland, Jürgen Ott, Sylvestre Lacour, Steffen Mieske, Julien Leclercq, S. Rochat, Marcus Pavez, Diego Del Valle, S. Guieu, Konrad R. W. Tristram, Sebastien Egner, Pierre Bourget, Luca Pasquini, A. Delboulbe, Christian Stephan, Pascaline Darré, Roderick Dembet, Christian A. Hummel, Peter Krempl, Marcos Suarez, Alain Smette, Pavel Shchekaturov, Yves Magnard, Ralf Conzelmann, Emmanuel Aller-Carpentier, Norbert Hubin, Isabelle Percheron, Frédéric Gonté, Jean Louis Lizon, Claudia Paladini, Thibaut Guerlet, Pablo Gutierrez, Jean-Philippe Berger, Antoine Mérand, Juan Pablo Gil, Célia Pelluet, Luis Caniguante, Johan Kosmalski, Markus Schöller, Reinaldo Donoso, Christophe Dupuy, Lorenzo Pettazzi, Laurent Jocou, Jaime Gonzales, Guillermo Valdes, Markus Wittkowski, Julien Woillez, Daniel Gaytan, Jaime Alonso, Sébastien Poupar, Xavier Haubois, Roberto Abuter, Gérard Zins, Bruno Chazelas, Eloy Fuenteseca, Paul Bristow, Laurent Pallanca, R. Frahm, Thomas Rivinius, Johann Kolb, and Juan Osorio

Subjects
Interferometry, Upgrade, Computer science, Real-time computing, Tapping, Context (language use), Instrumentation (computer programming), Adaptive optics, Status report
Abstract

Following the arrival of MATISSE, the second-generation of VLTI instrumentation is now complete and was simultaneously enhanced by a major facility upgrade including the NAOMI Adaptive Optics on the Auxiliary Telescopes. On the Unit Telescopes, significant efforts were also made to improve the injection stability into VLTI instruments. On top of GRAVITY's own evolution, its fringe tracker is now being used to allow coherent integrations on MATISSE (the so-called GRA4MAT project). Meanwhile, operations also evolved to be more flexible and make the most of an extended observing parameter space. In this context, we present an overview of the current VLTI performances. Finally, we will report on on-going improvements such as the extension of the longest baselines.

Published
2020
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4. NAOMI: the adaptive optics system of the Auxiliary Telescopes of the VLTI

Author

E. Cottalorda, C. Heritier, F. Delplancke-Ströbele, S. Zúñiga-Fernández, S. Guieu, Javier Reyes, M. Seidel, Alexander Meister, Laurent Jocou, Johan Kosmalski, G. Santos Tomás, Oliver Pfuhl, Pierre Bourget, Marcos Suarez, Christophe Verinaud, J. L. Beuzit, Anthony Meilland, Philippe B. Gitton, Andreas Haimerl, J.-B. Le Bouquin, Eric Stadler, C. Frank, Christophe Dupuy, Lorenzo Pettazzi, Pascaline Darré, Xavier Haubois, Gérard Zins, Frédéric Gonté, Jaime Alonso, Bruno Lopez, R. Donaldson, Peter Krempl, H. Bonnet, Pavel Shchekaturov, Johann Kolb, Frank Eisenhauer, Pablo Gutierrez, Thibaut Guerlet, Paul Lilley, Julien Woillez, J. P. Berger, Gerhard Fischer, M. Todorovic, Sebastien Egner, A. Mérand, Thibaut Moulin, Luis Caniguante, Christian Stephan, J. P. Kirchbauer, Luigi Andolfato, Guillermo Valdes, N. Hubin, D. Phan, Eloy Fuenteseca, Stewart McLay, M. Riedel, Isabelle Percheron, A. Delboulbe, Jerome Paufique, W. Pirani, Christian Schmid, Christian Soenke, J. Dupeyron, Jose Abad, Andrew Rakich, M. Le Louarn, Pablo Barriga, Stefan Huber, P. Haguenauer, Paul Jolley, G. Bourdarot, E. Aller Carpentier, R. Brast, Nicolas Schuhler, B. Delabre, Reinhold J. Dorn, Roderick Dembet, Sylvain Rochat, Roberto Abuter, Yves Magnard, J. Quentin, Luca Pasquini, R. Ridings, European Southern Observatory (ESO), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre Spatial Universitaire de Grenoble ( CSUG), CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, Coupling, Very Large Telescope, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010309 optics, Interferometry, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical seeing, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Adaptive optics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

The tip-tilt stabilisation system of the 1.8 m Auxiliary Telescopes of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer was never dimensioned for robust fringe tracking, except when atmospheric seeing conditions are excellent. Increasing the level of wavefront correction at the telescopes is expected to improve the coupling into the single-mode fibres of the instruments, and enable robust fringe tracking even in degraded conditions. We deployed a new adaptive optics module for interferometry (NAOMI) on the Auxiliary Telescopes. We present its design, performance, and effect on the observations that are carried out with the interferometric instruments., Comment: 10 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, A&A forthcoming

Published
2019
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5. VLTI status update: three years into the second generation

Author

Pierre van der Heyden, Roberto Abuter, Thibaut Guerlet, Andreas Glindemann, Yves Magnard, Frédéric Gonté, Andreas Haimerl, Andres Pino, Nicolas Schuhler, Richard Tamblay, Alexander Meister, Xavier Haubois, Pierre Haguenauer, Frederic Derie, Stefan Huber, Christian Stephan, Isabelle Percheron, Sébastien Poupar, Angela Cortes, Javier Reyes, F. Delplancke-Ströbele, J. Quentin, Roderick Dembet, Marcos Suarez, Julien Woillez, A. Ramirez, Christophe Verinaud, Mario Tapia, Luca Pasquini, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, J. P. Kirchbauer, Emmanuel Aller-Carpentier, Pierre Bourget, R. Brast, José Antonio Abad, S. Rochat, Eloy Fuenteseca, Ralf Conzelmann, S. Guieu, A. Delboulbe, Pablo Barriga, Marcus Pavez, R. Frahm, Jean-Philippe Berger, Guillermo Valdes, Diego Del Valle, Sebastien Egner, Pascaline Darré, Antoine Mérand, R. Ridings, Christophe Dupuy, Lorenzo Pettazzi, Luigi Andolfato, Jerome Paufique, Lieselotte Jochum, Thomas Rivinius, Daniel Gaytan, Paul Bristow, Jean Francois Pirard, Pedro Mardones, Paul Jolley, Reinaldo Donoso, Fernando Salgado, Samuel Lévêque, Johann Kolb, Peter Krempl, Philippe Duhoux, Juan Osorio, Stephane Guisard, Gérard Zins, Willem-Jan de Wit, Jürgen Ott, Pavel Shchekaturov, Thibaut Moulin, Paul Lilley, Jean Louis Lizon, Laurent Pallanca, Andreas Förster, Norbert Hubin, Thanh Phan Duc, Johan Kosmalski, Markus Schöller, Luis Caniguante, Konrad R. W. Tristram, Jaime Alonso, Pablo Gutierrez, J. Beltran, Laurent Jocou, and Jaime Gonzales

Subjects
Interferometry, Upgrade, business.industry, Computer science, Astrometry, Telecommunications, business, Adaptive optics
Abstract

The near-infrared GRAVITY instrument has become a fully operational spectro-imager, while expanding its capability to support astrometry of the key Galactic Centre science. The mid-infrared MATISSE instrument has just arrived on Paranal and is starting its commissioning phase. NAOMI, the new adaptive optics for the Auxiliary Telescopes, is about to leave Europe for an installation in the fall of 2018. Meanwhile, the interferometer infrastructure has continuously improved in performance, in term of transmission and vibrations, when used with both the Unit Telescopes and Auxiliary Telescopes. These are the highlights of the last two years of the VLTI 2nd generation upgrade started in 2015.

Published
2018
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6. NEAR: New Earths in the Alpha Cen Region (bringing VISIR as a 'visiting instrument' to ESO-VLT-UT4)

Author

Markus Kasper, Serban Leveratto, Brunella Carlomagno, Olivier Guyon, Gérard Zins, Olivier Absil, Dirk Kampf, Sven Gutruf, M. Riquelme, Eric Pantin, Kjetil Dohlen, Hans-Ulrich Käufl, Peter Klupar, Garreth Ruane, Dimitri Mawet, Ralf Siebenmorgen, Gerd Jakob, Eloy Fuenteseca, Nancy Ageorges, Mikael Karlsson, Arnd Reutlinger, Robin Arsenault, Michael Sterzik, Evans, Christopher J., Simard, Luc, and Takami, Hideki

Subjects
Lyot stop, Very Large Telescope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Observatory, Planet, law, 0103 physical sciences, Adaptive optics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Radio astronomy
Abstract

By adding a dedicated coronagraph, ESO in collaboration with the Breakthrough Initiatives, modifies the Very Large Telescope mid-IR imager (VISIR) to further boost the high dynamic range imaging capability this instru- ment has. After the VISIR upgrade in 2012, where coronagraphic masks were first added to VISIR, it became evident that coronagraphy at a ground-based 8m-class telescope critically needs adaptive optics, even at wavelengths as long as 10μm. For VISIR, a work-horse observatory facility instrument in normal operations, this is ”easiest” achieved by bringing VISIR as a visiting instrument to the ESO-VLT-UT4 having an adaptive M2. This “visit” enables a meaningful search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around both α-Cen1,2. Meaningful here means, achieving a contrast of ≈ 10^(-6) within ≈ 0.8arcsec from the star while maintaining basically the normal sensitivity of VISIR. This should allow to detect a planet twice the diameter of Earth. Key components will be a diffractive coronagraphic mask, the annular groove phase mask (AGPM), optimized for the most sensitive spectral band-pass in the N-band, complemented by a sophisticated apodizer at the level of the Lyot stop. For VISIR noise filtering based on fast chopping is required. A novel internal chopper system will be integrated into the cryostat. This chopper is based on the standard technique from early radio astronomy, conceived by the microwave pioneer Robert Dicke in 1946, which was instrumental for the discovery of the 3K radio background.

Published
2018

7. VLT interferometer upgrade for the 2nd generation of interferometric instruments

Author

Richard Tamblay, Waldo Siclari, J. Beltran, Pierre Bourget, Philippe Duhoux, Volker Heinz, Juan Pablo Henriquez, Roberto Castillo, P. Antonelli, Juan Carlos Pineda, Norbert Hubin, Jean-Francois Pirard, Laurent Pallanca, Luca Pasquini, Fernando Luco, Ruben Fernandez, Margarita Acuña, Angel Mellado, Andreas Haimerl, Christian Schmid, F. Allouche, Jaime Alonso, R. Brast, Alvaro Diaz, Isabelle Percheron, M. Riquelme, Andres Pino, Felix Rozas, Samuel Lévêque, Francoise Delplancke, Eloy Fuenteseca, Rodrigo Huerta, Daniel Gaytan, C. Reinero, Gérard Zins, Paul Bristow, Christophe Dupuy, Ralf Conzelmann, Roberto Abuter, Konrad R. W. Tristram, Gerardo Avila, Frederic Derie, Jaime Gonzales, Frank Eisenhauer, Henri Bonnet, Sébastien Poupar, Juan Romero, Pedro Mardones, Pierre Haguenauer, Reinaldo Donoso, Andreas Glindemann, Luis Caniguante, José Antonio Abad, Luigi Andolfalto, Carlos Bolados, Alfredo Leiva, P. van der Heyden, Thomas Rivinius, Marcus Pavez, Chester Rojas, Antoine Mérand, Diego Del Valle, Willem-Jan de Wit, Juan Osorio, Silvia Scheithauer, A. Ramirez, Jürgen Ott, Markus Schöller, Sebastian Egner, Christian Stephan, Frédéric Gonté, Christian Elao, Lieselotte Jochum, Fernando Salgado, Stephane Guisard, Andrew A. Wright, Julien Woillez, Duc Than Phan, Jean-Philippe Berger, Jean-Louis Lizon, Angela Cortes, S. Guieu, Pablo Barriga, Guillermo Valdes, Sergio Abadie, Mario Tapia, Nicolas Schuhler, and Reinhold J. Dorn

Subjects
Physics, Scientific instrument, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Interferometry, Upgrade, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Aerospace engineering, business, Adaptive optics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Remote sensing
Abstract

ESO is undertaking a large upgrade of the infrastructure on Cerro Paranal in order to integrate the 2nd generation of interferometric instruments Gravity and MATISSE, and increase its performance. This upgrade started mid 2014 with the construction of a service station for the Auxiliary Telescopes and will end with the implementation of the adaptive optics system for the Auxiliary telescope (NAOMI) in 2018. This upgrade has an impact on the infrastructure of the VLTI, as well as its sub-systems and scientific instruments.

Published
2016
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