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Perforasi kolon merupakan komplikasi yang terjadi pada pasien kanker kolon, tempat perforasi kolon paling sering terjadi yaitu kolon sigmoid. Prevalensi perforasi pada pasien kanker kolon dapat mencapai 3-10%. Faktor risiko perforasi kolon yaitu pasien lanjut usia, riwayat terkena kanker kolon, riwayat keluarga dengan kanker kolon, penyakit radang usus, gaya hidup yang buruk, obesitas, dan penggunaan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid. Faktor risiko dapat berkembang menjadi penyebab terjadinya kanker kolon yaitu pasien lanjut usia dan terdapat riwayat kanker kolon dan atau riwayat dengan kanker kolon keluarga (familial adenomatous polyposis). Terdapat dua hal yang menjadi dasar perforasi kanker kolon yaitu perforasi pada lokasi kanker karena terjadi nekrosis tumor dan perforasi yang disebabkan karena aliran dari kolon proksimal yang mengalami distensi akibat obstruksi dari tumor. Perforasi yang diakibatkan oleh kanker kolon dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu sebagai perforasi bebas dan perforasi tertutup. Penanganan secara umum pada kanker perforasi yaitu reseksi darurat yang diikuti oleh anastomosis ileokolika primer. Salah satu prosedur reseksi diskontinuitas yaitu dilakukan pembedahan dengan prosedur Hartmann, pembedahan yang dilakukan untuk mengangkat daerah usus yang abnormal kemudian dilakukan kolostomi. Kata Kunci: perforasi kolon, etiologi, tatalaksana, kanker kolon Colonic perforation is a complication that occurs in colon cancer patients, where colonic perforation most often occurs is the sigmoid colon. The prevalence of perforation in colon cancer patients could reach 3-10%. The risk factors that can be developed into the cause of colon cancer are advanced age, history of colon cancer and a family history of colon cancer (familial adenomatous polyposis). There are two things that are the basis of colon cancer perforation, namely perforation at the cancer site due to tumor necrosis and perforation caused by the stream from the proximal colon which is distended due to obstruction of the tumor. Perforations caused by colon cancer can be divided into two types, namely as free perforations and closed perforations. The general treatment for perforated cancer is emergency resection followed by a primary ileocolic anastomosis. One of the discontinuity resection procedures is surgery performed with the Hartmann procedure, it is done to remove the abnormal area and then a colostomy. Keyword: Colon perforation, Etiology, Management, Colon cancer

This study aims to determine the Implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Undrusbinangun Village, Kadudampit District, Sukabumi Regency, whether the implementation of PKH so far has been in accordance with the indicators of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy of PKH beneficiaries. This research was conducted in Undrusbinangun Village, Kadudampit District, Sukabumi Regency. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive research as the type of research used. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of field surveys, open interviews, and literature studies, as well as through data provided by related parties. The resource persons for this study were the Chairperson of the PKH Kempok Undrusbinangun Hamlet, the PKH Coordinator and the Beneficiary Families (KPM). The results of this study indicate that the use of existing resources in managing PKH in Undrusbinangun Village, Kadudampit District has been running quite efficiently, this is evidenced by the few resources used in managing PKH but this does not necessarily make PKH management a mess. , but precisely with these resources the PKH program in this village has been running quite well and consistently since 2019.

Established in April 2020 by Budi Santosa, KRN.BGT is a fashion brand from Jogja Painting that produces artistic masks by collaborating with other local artists. KRN.BGT is targeting people aged 20s-30s who like visual arts. Although it has a well-designed Instagram account, they still receive many questions from their customers and potential customers regarding their products through Instagram direct messages and comments. Therefore, I decided to improve KRN.BGT’s product knowledge by creating a list of FAQs of its products on its Instagram Stories Highlights, compiled from the direct messages and comments by applying the theories of good FAQs by Biroscak (2019) and color contrast from Alscher (2019) and Evans (2019). I found three USPs from my observation and survey, namely adjustable, suitable for adults and children, and customizable; and include them into the list of FAQs, so its existing and potential customers know more about its products. Keywords: product knowledge, FAQ, Instagram, Instagram Stories Highlights

MCom (Industrial and Organisational Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus One of the major changes in leadership of the 21st century is the increase in women within leadership positions. However, despite women progressing within leadership positions, they are still faced with various daily challenges within these leadership roles. One of these challenges involves female leaders’ daily emotion experiences within the workplace as well as their management thereof. The presence of certain perceptions of emotion-prescriptive norms held by the workforce poses a serious hindrance to female leaders. Female leaders in the workplace tend to suppress or avoid their emotions due to a fear of being judged for displaying or even experiencing these emotions, which could be detrimental to their careers and their overall psychological well-being in the long-run. Emotions however, when utilised correctly could be conducive to female leaders’ success and influence among their various workforces. The objective of this study was to explore the daily emotion experiences of female leaders as well as their management thereof. A qualitative research design was utilised during the course of this study. A phenomenological approach within a constructivism paradigm was employed throughout, so as to achieve the objectives outlined in the study. Purposive as well as network sampling was used during this study to reach the female leaders (n=11) from various organisations and hierarchical levels within South Africa. The data were obtained by means of semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was used to transcribe and analyse the data. The results of this study indicated that female leaders experience daily emotion events on three levels in the workplace. Firstly, they experienced events on the microsystem level comprising their internal settings in their individual level. Within the microsystem the female leaders experienced emotion events related to their specific leadership style and how they lead to accommodate those around them. They experienced events in the various challenges with which they are faced within their daily work life such as their workload or even challenges relating to their roles as females, specifically within their leadership positions. Secondly, they experienced events on the mesosystem level which consists of the various elements of their microsystem levels and their interaction with one another. This level centres around interaction and refers to the events that female leaders experience when interacting with their clients or colleagues, such as conflict, communication or teamwork interactions. Lastly, they experienced events on an exosystem level, which includes events with which they do not have direct contact, but which exert an influence on their lives. This level was governed by a Covid-19-related theme since it had a significant impact on the female leaders’ lives. They experienced events in relation to lockdown, remote work, and even financial pressures due to the effects of the pandemic. The findings also showed that female leaders tend to experience positive and negative emotions as a result of these events. They experienced positive emotions such as satisfaction, happiness and calmness when they accomplished tasks or made a difference in their clients or colleges’ lives. However, since negative emotions are inevitable, they also experienced several negative emotions such as anxiety and frustration while under pressure. They also experienced sadness, anger and even fear due to their interactions with colleagues or clients. Furthermore, the research indicates that the female leaders utilised adaptive and maladaptive emotion-management strategies. With regard to the adaptive emotion management strategies, the female leaders revealed that they implemented cognitive reappraisal by changing their perspective of their emotions and the event that elicited these emotions. They utilised problem-solving by addressing the situation that had caused the event to transpire. Over and above this they also applied acceptance as an emotion-management strategy by allowing themselves to experience and express their emotions, whereas, with regard to the maladaptive emotion management strategies they employed, they employed avoidance as an emotion-management strategy by staying busy and avoiding their emotions. Lastly the female leaders used suppression emotion-management strategies by supressing any thoughts of emotions and trying to hide these emotions. It is important to take note that this study, as any other study, is not without limitations. Firstly, the study is not an equal representation of the female population. Even though the study is a female-oriented study, excluding male perspectives from the data could still be considered a limitation Furthermore, the study took place during the Covid-19 outbreak; thus, the events experienced by female leaders and the subsequent emotions could have been influenced by these unusual circumstances. Recommendations were also made with regard to organisations and future research studies, such as to include a larger more diverse sample size. Other recommendations could include creating awareness amongst organisations regarding the daily emotion experiences of female leaders as well as effective emotion-management strategies that could be employed. Organisations also need to create organisational environments that accept emotions and encourage effective emotion-management strategies. Future research could also explore female leaders’ daily emotion experiences further with regard to their specific industry and organisational level and the effect this could have on their emotion experiences. Furthermore, it could be beneficial to expand the scope of the study to include a deeper exploration of individual dispositions, affect-driven behaviours, work attitudes and judgement-driven behaviours, as indicated by the Affective Events Theory. It is also important to replicate the study in a post-Covid-19 environment to determine the significance of the impact thereof. Masters

BACKGROUND: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains one of the most common causes of Vitamin D deficiency and homeostasis disorders due to its progressiveness and complications. AIM: This study aims to determine the relationship of Vitamin D levels with hemostasis in HIV/AIDS patients with and without pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), who were consuming efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) for

Temu giring ( Curcuma heyneana ) telah lama digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia terutama untuk menjaga kesehatan kulit. Kandungan fenolik yang terdapat dalam temu giring memiliki khasiat sebagai antioksidan. Fermentasi diketahui dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan karena adanya peningkatan kadar senyawa fenolik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar senyawa fenolik total sari rimpang temu giring segar dan terfermentasi (Curcuma heyneana). Tahap penelitian ini meliputi penyaringan rimpang temu giring, fermentasi temu giring, identifikasi fitokimia, penetapan kadar fenolik total, analisis data dan membuat kesimpulan. Pembuatan sari temu giring dilakukan dengan menyari temu giring dengan air sampai didapatkan sari. Dilanjutkan dengan fermentasi menggunakan bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus selama 24 jam dengan suhu 37°C. Pengujian organoleptis meliputi warna, bau, rasa dan pH. Hasil pH sari segar dan terfermentasi mengalami penurunan. Pengujian identifikasi fitokimia temu giring segar dan terfermentasi positif mengandung fenolik dan flavonoid. Tahap penetapan kadar total fenolik total dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu didapatkan sari temu giring segar sebesar 9.476± 2.04 mgGAE/gram dan sari temu giring terfermentasi sebesar 61.333±1.643 mgGAE/gram. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan kadar fenolik total sari temu giring segar dan terfermentasi yang mengalami peningkatan setelah difermentasi.

MSc (Environment Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus The main goal of vegetation establishment on tailings storage facilities is to stabilise their slopes to improve the retention and infiltration of water, thereby reducing the effects of wind and water erosion. The neutralisation of acidic soils with agricultural lime is a common practice but with acidic mine tailings (e.g. gold and coal tailings), acid is generated by other sources. Therefore, the neutralisation incubation time of these tailings vary greatly from natural soils because the acidity is caused by geochemical oxidation processes in the tailings material. The weathering and oxidation of minerals present within the tailings, most frequently pyrite (FeS2), produce sulphuric acid (H2SO4). These reactions may cause the tailings to have pH levels as low as 1.7. This extremely acidic environment accompanied by continuing oxidation reactions cause a major time lag in the neutralisation of the tailings material. Applying fertiliser directly after treating the material with the appropriate amount of lime, will have very little to no success as the optimum pH for these nutrients to be available for plant uptake is around 5.5 to 7.5, depending on the plant species. For example, preliminary studies have proven that gold tailings generally have a neutralisation incubation time of approximately six weeks, when the pH of the material increases from 3.0 to 6.0 over this period. This research focuses on the plant availability of phosphorus (P) in acid mine tailings. The aim of the study was to determine if a neutralisation incubation period of six weeks before fertiliser treatments would result in increased plant availability of P. Two different analytical methods were used to monitor P in the growth mediums (i.e. Olsen and Bray-1). The final results obtained from the pot trials showed an increase in the plant availability of P when superphosphate was applied after the neutralisation incubation period, compared to when lime and fertiliser were applied at the same time. Better germination rates were also obtained from the growth mediums where the Olsen method extracted higher concentrations of P (r + 0.789; p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the use of the Bray-1 method to extract P delivered inaccurate results in heavy limed tailings materials. Masters

The present study examined the impact of transferrin onBacillus thuringiensisbiofilms. Three commercial strains, an environmental strain (33679), the type strain (10792), and an isolate from a diseased insect (700872), were cultured in iron restricted minimal medium. All strains produced biofilm when grown in vinyl plates at 30°C.B. thuringiensis33679 had a biofilm biomass more than twice the concentration exhibited by the other strains. The addition of transferrin resulted in slightly increased growth yields for 2 of the 3 strains tested, including 33679. In contrast, the addition of 50 μg/mL of transferrin resulted in an 80% decrease in biofilm levels for strain 33679. When the growth temperature was increased to 37°C, the addition of 50 μg/mL of transferrin increased culture turbidity for only strain 33679. Biofilm levels were again decreased in strain 33679 at 37°C. Growth ofB. thuringiensiscultures in polystyrene resulted in a decrease in overall growth yields at 30°C, with biofilm levels significantly decreased for 33679 in the presence of transferrin. These findings demonstrate that transferrin impacts biofilm formation in select strains ofB. thuringiensis. Identification of these differences in biofilm regulation may be beneficial in elucidating potential virulence mechanisms among the differing strains.

Purpose The reconstruction of complicated defects with 3-dimensional deficits remains challenging. The reconstruction of these defects requires not only coverage of surface but also appropriate obliteration of dead space, and muscle-chimeric perforator flaps can be a valuable option. Here, we present our experience with free latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle-chimeric thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flaps for the treatment of complicated defects. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent a free LD muscle-chimeric TDAP flap procedure for the treatment of complicated wounds with 3-dimensional tissue deficits between March 2005 and October 2012. The surgical technique, clinical outcomes, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results A total of 24 cases were included. All flaps survived and no partial flap losses were encountered. Large skin flaps of 115 cm average size were elevated, with an average of 38-cm muscle segments. The total length of pedicle was 12.2 cm on average, with 7.3 cm of common pedicle, 4.9 cm of skin paddle, and 3.4 cm of muscle segments. Muscle segments could be inset in the underlying dead space with spatial freedom. The mean follow-up period was 34.1 months. Wounds successfully healed in all cases without significant postoperative complications. The donor-site complication rate of the chimeric flap group was similar to that of the simple TDAP group. Conclusions The use of LD muscle-chimeric TDAP flaps with Y-pedicle configurations allowed efficient positioning of both skin and muscle components for their specific purposes and successful healing of complicated wounds. The muscle components of chimeric flaps acted as "filler flaps" and were an effective addition to the perforator flap technique for the reconstruction of complicated defects without the addition of significant donor-site morbidity.