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The main objective of this paper is to assess the efficiency of Banana production in Blue Nile State in Sudan for the 2015. The study employed exclusively primary data and applied policy analysis matrix approach as an analytical model. The results highlighted the comparative advantage of Banana in Rosaries and Damazin localities and indicated that, although Banana is profitable and competitive in relative and absolute terms, it is not efficiently produced in the two localities. Internationally the study has shown the international value Added is competitive. The results delineated that government is not protecting Banana farmers. The study concluded that the PAM's measures indicators for Banana in Blue Nile State is much worse than the average measures for Sudan and recommended that the government should revise the adopted existing pricing policies and encourage the adoption of new technological techniques for Banana production in Blue Nile state in Sudan.

Improving the longitudinal modes coupling in layered spherical structure contributes significantly to corneal terahertz sensing, which plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of cornea dystrophies. Using a steel sphere to calibrate reflection from the cornea sample assists in enhancing the resolution of longitudinal modes. The requirement and challenges toward applying the calibration sphere are introduced and addressed. Six corneas with different properties are spotted to study the effect of perturbations in the calibration sphere in a frequency range from 100 GHz to 600 GHz. A particle-swarm optimization algorithm is employed to quantify corneal characteristics considering cases of accurately calibrated and perturbed calibrated scenarios. For the first case, the study is carried out with signal-to-noise values of 40 dB, 50 dB and 60 dB at waveguide bands WR-5.1, WR-3.4, and WR-2.2. As expected, better estimation is achieved in high-SNR cases. Furthermore, the lower waveguide band is revealed as the most proper band for the assessment of corneal features. For perturbed cases, the analysis is continued for the noise level of 60 dB in the three waveguide bands. Consequently, the error in the estimation of corneal properties rises significantly (around 30%).

Rank distance codes are known to be applicable in various applications such as distributed data storage, cryptography, space time coding, and mainly in network coding. Rank distance codes defined over finite fields have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, in some scenarios where codes over finite fields are not sufficient, it is demonstrated that codes defined over the real number field are preferred. In this paper, we proposed a new class of rank distance codes over the real number field R. The real array rank distance (RARD) codes we constructed here can be used for all the applications mentioned above whenever the code alphabet is the real field R. From the class of RARD codes, we extract a subclass of equidistant constant rank codes which is applicable in network coding. Also, we determined an upper bound for the dimension of RARD codes leading the way to obtain some optimal RARD codes. Moreover, we established examples of some RARD codes and optimal RARD codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the optimal control for a class of Hilfer fractional stochastic integrodifferential systems driven by Rosenblatt process and Poisson jumps has been discussed in infinite dimensional space involving the Hilfer fractional derivative. First, we study the existence and uniqueness of mild solution results are proved by the virtue of fractional calculus, successive approximation method and stochastic analysis techniques. Second, the optimal control of the proposed problem is presented by using Balder's theorem. Finally, an example is demonstrated to illustrate the obtained theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to study properties of Ξ-Hilfer fuzzy fractional differential equations which are useful in modeling a variety of phenomena in physical sciences. The existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions are obtained. The technique used for study is the fixed point theorem and Gronwall inequality. Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability of the solution is also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical procedures such as surgical glue, knee replacement surgery, blood diagnostic and many others can exhibit the significance of viscoinelastic behavior with non-Newtonian characteristics is analyzed. The present article addresses the flow design is to accentuate the thermophysical characteristics of electrically conducting viscoinelastic nanofluid flow produced by a stretched surface. The impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on viscoinelastic nanofluid are accounted in the presence of heat and mass transfer convective states. The modeled partial differential equations are transmuted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations employing similarity transformations to facilitate the computation procedure. The solution of the achieved boundary value problem is procured numerically by utilizing a program written with stiffness-switching methodology. The manners of controlling parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are spotlighted via graphs. Finally, by changing the pertinent parameters, the Machine Learning technique is used to investigate critical properties of fluid flow, such as skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The effects of driving parameters are illustrated in a graphical and tabular format. The precision of the current methodology is validated by a comparison between the current and previous findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]