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Animal welfare is a major concern these days, which related to the environmental factors that have direct effect on animal health and production. Water and food hygiene from the main factors which must be considered inside the livestock farms. This study aims to the assessment of hygienic status of drinking water in some poultry farms with biocontrol of some water borne pathogens which poses a severe threat to bird’s health. Water samples were collected from 6 poultry farms and assessed chemically, physically and bacteriologically for Salmonella and E. coli. Naturally occurring phages from sewage water were isolated and characterized, and the antimicrobial effect of isolated phages against the Salmonella and E. coli isolates were assessed. In our study, the pH, hardness and ammonia of the drinking water given to the broiler in the studied farms were unhygienic in summer than in winter and exceeded the recommended standard specially during the summer. E. coli and Salmonella isolation on the level of season, during the winter season, out of 30 water samples 9 were positive for E. coli and 5 were positive for Salmonella. Meanwhile, in summer season out of 30 water samples 12 (40%) were positive for E. coli and 10 (33.3%) were positive for Salmonella. The three Salmonella serovars found in the water samples were S. Typhimurium, S. Thompson and S. Newport and S. Typhimurium had the most permanent serotype. One phenotypic phage was isolated from sewage water which was categorized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) into Straboviridae family. Isolated water borne pathogens (Salmonella and E. coli) were susceptible to phage infection. Therefore, isolated phages have antimicrobial action. The results suggested that the naturally isolated bacteriophage could be used as a powerful and ecofriendly antibacterial agent in poultry farm to overcome water borne pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of biosecurity practices in broiler farms is a must for its success. This study was carried out to score the biosecurity measures in three broiler farms in the Dakahliya – Egypt in relation to the seasonal prevalence of colibacillosis and salmonellosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected three broiler farms of different housing systems from (July 2022- June 2023). A total of 540 litter samples were collected during four successive seasons. The computed average score for the three broiler farms; A, B, & C was 14, 15 and 26, respectively, out of 39 estimated items. The findings showed that farm C had better levels of commitment and discipline to biosecurity measures than the other two broiler farms. Highly significant increases of E. coli (p<0.0001) in summer compared to other seasons in the broiler farms with the lowest prevalence rate in farm C with the highest biosecurity score. The same pattern was found for Salmonella prevalence of (p<0.0001) in broiler farms during summer months. Insufficient biosecurity measures in broiler houses were not enough to prevent the entrance and multiplication of E. coli & Salmonella spp. Disciplines, commitment, and regulations of biosecurity need to be enforced in broiler houses to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted during the period of August 2021 to April 2022 and divided into two parts. The first part involved the isolation and characterization of Salmonella from 200 diseased broiler chickens collected from farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, with the detection of its antimicrobial susceptibility. The second experimental part involved in ovo inoculation of probiotics and florfenicol to evaluate their effects on hatchability, embryonic viability, growth performance traits and the control of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis infections post hatching. The point prevalence of Salmonella in the internal organs of diseased chickens was 13% (26/200), including 6 serotypes: S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Santiago, S. Colindale, S. Takoradi and S. Daula. Multidrug resistance was found in 92% (24/26) of the isolated strains with a multiantibiotic resistance index of 0.33–0.88 and 24 antibiotic resistance patterns. The in ovo inoculation of probiotic with florfenicol showed significant improvement in the growth performance parameters compared with other groups and had the ability to prevent colonization of multidrug resistant S. Enteritidis in the majority of the experimental chicks, and the remaining chicks showed very low colonization, as detected by RT‒PCR. These findings suggested the application of in ovo inoculation techniques with both probiotics and florfenicol as a promising tool to control multidrug-resistant S. Enteritidis in poultry farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L. monocytogens is one of the major food-borne pathogens which can affect humans and a wide variety of animal species. It usually invades milk and its products at several steps in the food chain, Listeriosis outbreaks remain an important problem globally. High resistance of L. monocytogens to the most of antibiotics due to misusing of it in both veterinary and human field, it necessitates searching about alternatives. Drug laden nanoparticles possibly will overwhelm the restrictions of conservative antibiotic actions related with poisonousness, unsuitable distribution, or enzymatic dilapidation. The aim of this research is to detect prevalence of this bacteria in farm milk and some milk products and to mark the result of H2O2 loaded on silver nanoparticles on Multidrug resistance strains of L. monocytogenes. Therefore, One hundred samples (25 farm bulk tank, 25 plain yoghurt and 50 fresh soft cheese (Talaga)) were randomly collected from dairy farms and different shops in different areas of Mansoura city, Dakahlia governorate. Egypt. The isolated strains of L. monocytogenes were evaluated phenotypically and genotypically for detection of virulence factors (invasive linked protein (iap), haemolysin (hylA) and actin polymerization protein (actA)) that were carried out by using multiplex PCR. Out of 100 samples 7 listeria monocytogenes isolates from Fresh soft cheese (Talaga) samples (14%). These 7 isolates had iap gene, while 6 isolates had hly gene and 5 isolates had actA gene. Also the three types of virulence genes were in four isolates at which a higher multiple antibiotic resistance between L.monocytogenes isolates. Assessment of antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide antibacterial doings was assessed by broth microdilution test and our results revealed that H2O2/AgNPs with 6.25-3.13 µg/mL MIC values of the original concentrations 13 µg/mL MIC values of the original concentrations highly effective against L. monocytogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concern has been rising with the respect to the capability of clinically important bacteria to acquire resistance against antibiotics and disinfectants. This investigation was undertaken to provide information on1 the sensitivity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to some disinfectants. The isolated PCR genotyped MRSA strains were collected from milk and its surrounding animal milking environment of 4 dairy cattle farms. Five commonly used disinfectants (quaternary ammonium compounds, iodine (Povidone-iodine), Sodium hypochlorite (Chlorine), ethyl alcohol and Chloroxylenol (Dettol) were evaluated at different contact times (5, 10, 15 minutes) and variable concentrations using suspension test for measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against each isolate. The obtained results of MICs of the five tested disinfectants indicated high sensitivity of MRSA to both QACs and iodine, with MICs of 0.25% within 5 minutes (QACs), and 1.37% within 5 minutes (Iodine) at three tested concentrations and exposure times. Nonetheless, these strains exhibited a significant resistance to both ethyl alcohol and chlorine at different concentrations and contact times. Meanwhile, Dettol inhibited MRSA growth at dilutions (5% & 2.5%) within (5, 15, 20 minutes), however, 1.25% at 5 and 15 minutes was unable to potentiate the antibacterial activities of Dettol against strains tested. The findings of the present study reinforce the importance of disinfection as an integral part of the control policies of MRSA prevention and eradication in dairy farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this investigation was to isolate, identify and to estimate probiotic characteristics of enterococci recovered from raw cow milk by the detection of antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens, antibiotics susceptibility and possible virulence genes (esp, cylA and hyl). Forty-eight enterococci strains recovered from raw cow milk were phenotypically and genotypically identified. Among 48 of enterococci isolates, twenty-two strains (19 E. faecalis, 1 E. faecium, and 2 E. gallinarum) were strongly tolerant to low pH and bile salts but with a variable level of resistance. Most of the isolates showed inhibitory activity against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Only E. faecium strain and one isolate of E. gallinarum showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Antimicrobial activity was not observed against Shigella species. All strains demonstrated high susceptibility to imipenem, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime and lower resistance level to other tested antibiotics except E. faecalis strains that were the most resistant ones to ampicillin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and clindamycin. The esp gene was only positive for all E. faecalis strains. The cylA and hyl genes were negative for all isolates. These results proposed that such strains could be considered good probiotic candidates and so further studies for their health benefits are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]