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This article discusses a study on the prevalence of depression among older adult Egyptian males with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study found that approximately 50% of participants in both groups had mild depression, while the prevalence of moderate depression was higher in the MCI group. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of depression between the two groups. The study also explored correlations between cognitive test scores and depression scores, but no significant correlations were found. The article acknowledges limitations and provides a list of references to related research articles and studies. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study conducted in Egypt on the impact of chronic comorbidities on hand grip strength (HGS) in elderly individuals. The study found that factors such as age, gender, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, and certain chronic comorbidities had a significant negative impact on HGS. However, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had higher grip strength. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding these factors to maintain the general health and physical function of elderly individuals. Additionally, the document provides a list of references on hand grip strength and its association with various factors, suggesting that it may be an indicator of overall health and functional status in older individuals. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapid spread worldwide and its pathogenesis is still not well understood. It's critical to identify the key immune inflammatory markers that may be correlated with COVID-19 severity. Objective: This study aimed to study the association of the peripheral lymphocyte subsets' alteration and IL-6 serum level with disease severity and outcome in COVID-19. Methodology: Samples from 30 COVID-19 patients were collected; one is EDTA anticoagulated for flowcytometric analysis of different lymphocyte subsets and the other for Interleukin-6 (IL6) serum level assessed by ELISA technique. Results: Absolute lymphocytic count (0.9 (0.5 - 1.4)× 103 /µL), CD4+ T cells (217 (135.6 - 445.5) cells/µL), CD8+ T cells (160 (112 - 338) cells/µL) and natural killer (NK) cells (33.3 (18.2 - 99.5) cells/µL) were significantly reduced in severe COVID-19 patients with significantly elevated IL-6 serum levels 90 (70- 120) (pg/mL) in severe patients. Lower T lymphocytes and NK subset counts with higher IL-6 levels were significantly associated with higher mortality. However, B cell count was not associated with severity or mortality. Il-6 levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells counts were considered best predictors of disease severity and mortality according to ROC curve analysis (with AUC 0.842, 0.884 and 0.773 respectively). Conclusion: Peripheral lymphocyte subsets as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells were significantly reduced in severe COVID-19 patients. CD4+ T cell count was the most significant biomarker for disease severity .Serum IL-6 levels were higher in severe illness. So, IL-6 can serve as a significant predictor of COVID-19 severity. As regard mortality and relation with lymphocytic count and lymphocytic subsets, total lymphocytic count and all T lymphocyte subsets CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells count can be used as a significant predictor of death in COVID-19 patients. However, CD19+ cells counts had no relation with death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The immune mechanisms underlying the pathology of COVID-19 are currently under immense scrutiny. Following NK and T cell activation, a surge of proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines such IP-10, are found to increase. These cytokines stimulate the adaptive immune response and recruit other immune cells to the site of infection. Paradoxically, NK cells are known to be decreased in the peripheral circulation of severely ill COVID patients. It is not clear if this decrease in number is due to cell depletion or due to recruitment to sites of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between IP-10 levels and peripheral NK cell numbers and if this correlates with diseases severity. Methods: The study involved 30 patients divided into 2 groups (moderate and severe) depending on disease severity, as well as 15 age- and gender-matched controls. Serum IP-10 levels were assessed by ELISA and determination of NK cell numbers were determined by flow cytometry. Results: The results demonstrate an inverse relationship between NK cell numbers and IP-10 levels. Moreover, severely ill patients characteristically displayed decreased peripheral NK cell numbers and increased serum IP-10 levels in a manner that correlates with disease severity. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that disease severity is associated with increased production of chemokines such as IP-10 in the serum which may be involved in the recruitment of NK cells to peripheral tissues such as the lung, which may partially explain the decreased NK cell number associated with severe pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]