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Background/aims This study aimed to compare the causes of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGB), demographics, risk factors, and outcomes of patients during two periods between 1993 and 2016 in a tertiary health-care center in Turkey. Materials and methods We compared the causes of NVUGB and clinical outcomes in 421 patients hospitalized between January 1993 and December 1995 with those of 231 patients with NVUGB hospitalized between January 2015 and September 2016. We also compared epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and the rates of endoscopic hemostatic procedures. Results We observed significant increases in patients' mean age, in the percentage of patients with comorbid conditions, and in the percentage of patients who received direct-acting oral anticoagulants before bleeding. We also observed a statistically nonsignificant increase in the diagnoses of gastric ulcer, along with a significant concordant decrease in diagnoses of duodenal ulcer as a cause of bleeding. The use of emergency surgical hemostasis decreased among cases of peptic ulcer bleeding. The overall rate of mortality from bleeding did not significantly change between the two periods. Conclusion Over the 23 years studied, the causes of NVUGB changed, probably because the population was increasingly elderly population and because of the use of anticoagulants and better therapeutic approaches to chronic duodenal ulcers. The use of emergency surgical hemostasis reduced, but mortality rate did not significantly change between the two specific periods.

Objective: There is a lack of data concerning Turkish patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The aims of the present study were to present the clinical characteristics of hospitalized AH patients and to compare the predictive ability of Maddrey’s discriminant function (DF) score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Glasgow AH (GAHS) score and age, bilirubin, International Normalized Ratio (INR), and creatinine (ABIC) score on in-hospital mortality. Methods: The DF score and clinical data of 34 patients with AH admitted from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed from patient’s files. Scores for MELD, GAHS and ABIC were then retrospectively calculated. A comparison of scores was obtained using area under the receiver operating characteristics curves to predict in-hospital mortality. Results: In-hospital mortality was calculated at 23.5% (8/34). Treatment with corticosteroids and/or pentoxifylline was started in 18 patients with DF score ≥ 32; however, seven of them died (7/18, 39%). No significant differences were found between DF, MELD, GAHS and ABIC scores for predicting in-hospital mortality (p>0.05). Conclusion: DF score, which is easier and more practical, can be used in clinical practice to predict in-hospital mortality because other scores have no statistical superiority. The response to corticosteroid and/or pentoxifylline treatment in patients with a DF score ≥ 32 was poor in Turkish AH patients.