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Abstract Background The human skin contains a diverse microbiome that provides protective functions against environmental pathogens. Studies have demonstrated that bacteriophages modulate bacterial community composition and facilitate the transfer of host-specific genes, potentially influencing host cellular functions. However, little is known about the human skin virome and its role in human health. Especially, how viral-host relationships influence skin microbiome structure and function is poorly understood. Results Population dynamics and genetic diversity of bacteriophage communities in viral metagenomic data collected from three anatomical skin locations from 60 subjects at five different time points revealed that cutaneous bacteriophage populations are mainly composed of tailed Caudovirales phages that carry auxiliary genes to help improve metabolic remodeling to increase bacterial host fitness through antimicrobial resistance. Sequence variation in the MRSA associated antimicrobial resistance gene, erm(C) was evaluated using targeted sequencing to further confirm the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in the human virome and to demonstrate how functionality of such genes may influence persistence and in turn stabilization of bacterial host and their functions. Conclusions This large temporal study of human skin associated viruses indicates that the human skin virome is associated with auxiliary metabolic genes and antimicrobial resistance genes to help increase bacterial host fitness.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that provides important nesting and foraging habitats for the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Although many studies have investigated this migratory species globally, there is a lack of information on the population structure and geographic boundary of this species in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of six nesting sites in the Java Sea region of Indonesia. The control region (d-loop) sequence (818 bp) was obtained from 152 individuals, resulting in 20 haplotypes. This study revealed 13 new haplotypes, 12 of which were rare and observed only in a single sampling location. Results showed that the Indonesian population shares haplotypes with rookeries from Peninsular Malaysia and Australia, as indicated by EiIP08 and EiIP49. The haplotype diversity (h) was highest at the more northern rookery sites (Segama Besar Island, Kimar Island, East Belitung, Penambun Island) (h: 0.6033 - 0.9167; 4 - 9 haplotypes) compared to the other two rookeries located in the Seribu Archipelago (Tidung Island and Harapan Island) (h: 0.3354 - 0.5965; 3 - 6 haplotypes). Furthermore, population structure analysis showed a pan-mixed population between Tidung Island and Harapan Island (FST: 0.003, P > 0.05) but significant population structure across all other rookery sites (FST: 0.083 - 0.486, P < 0.05), resulting in five newly identified Management Units (MUs) in this area. This study showed the presence of a complex population structure with local haplotypes and narrow population boundaries for rookeries in relatively close proximity within the Java Sea, prompting local management and highlighting the need for more research on hawksbill turtle populations in Indonesia.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for mask production which has caused the problem of mask waste generating in the environment without being managed. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and sociodemographic factors with college student behaviours in managing household mask waste in Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta Province. Methods This study used a quantitative approach and cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire consisting of the respondents’ sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. Results The majority of students had high knowledge (63.3%), positive attitudes (52.5%), and good behaviours (50.6%). Statistically, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and behaviours (p = 0.022), but there was no significant relationship between attitudes and behaviours (p = 0.269). In addition, the sociodemographic factor variables showed a significant relationship between place of residence and behaviours (p = 0.008). However, there was no significant relationship between age, gender, education, and study program groups and behaviours (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that living with family was a dominant factor for bad behaviours (OR 1.664, 95% CI=1.124-2.464), and the second risk factor was the low level of knowledge has a significant relationship with the behaviours of mask waste management at home (OR=1.559, 95% CI=1.044-2.330). Conclusions Students who live alone also show better behaviour compared to students who live with their families. The place of residence variable has the greatest influence on the behaviour of mask waste management at the household, followed by the knowledge variable.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas fungsi SDM, serta memberikan saran dan rekomendasi atas berbagai kelemahan yang ditemukan. Aktivitas dalam penelitian SDM yang diteliti khusus pada perencanaan SDM yang ada di Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas I APT. Pranoto Samarinda. Alat analisis yang digunakan dengan metode komparatif (perbandingan) dengan responden pegawai yang ada di bagian Unit pemroses bahan kerja sama, kemudian peneliti akan menyimpulkan apakah hipotesis diterima atau ditolak dari persentase nilai yang didapat relative tersebut dideskripsikan berdasarkan kriteria penilaian yang digunakan dengan data yang ada.

Abstrak Industri filet ikan patin menghasilkan hasil samping berupa kulit sebesar 7-8%. Untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonominya, kulit ikan patin dapat diolah menjadi camilan berupa keripik kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh perendaman kulit ikan dalam larutan asam cuka dan sodium bikarbonat (NaHCO3) serta kombinasinya dengan blansing dalam air panas terhadap karakteristik keripik kulit ikan patin yang dihasilkan. Sebelum dilumuri tepung dan digoreng menjadi keripik, kulit ikan patin direndam dalam larutan asam cuka 3% (v/v) atau larutan NaHCO3 1% (b/v) selama 15 menit serta kombinasi perendaman asam cuka, NaHCO3, dan blansing dengan air panas pada suhu 70-80°C selama 2 menit. Sebagai kontrol digunakan kulit patin yang hanya diblansing dan tanpa perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan perendaman dalam larutan NaHCO3 1% (b/v) selama 15 menit dan blansing dalam air panas suhu 70-80°C selama 2 menit menghasilkan keripik kulit yang mempunyai kenampakan, aroma, kerenyahan, dan secara keseluruhan paling disukai panelis. Keripik kulit tersebut mempunyai kandungan protein 28,93±0,71%, dengan lemak 31,89±1,52%, abu 3,31±0,19%, air 2,40±0,38%, serta nilai TBA 0,14±0,02 mg MDA/kg. Keripik kulit dengan perlakuan ini mempunyai tingkat kecerahan dengan nilai L* paling tinggi, nilai +a* (derajat kemerahan) dan +b*(derajat kekuningan) yang rendah, serta tekstur yang lebih renyah (p

Industri pengolahan ikan patin selama ini menghasilkan hasil samping yang tidak termanfaatkan dengan baik sehingga perlu dilakukan inovasi dalam memanfaatkan hasil samping, salah satunya yaitu mengolahnya menjadi minyak ikan. Pembuatan mayones dilakukan dengan mencampurkan minyak ikan dan minyak jagung dengan perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu konsentrasi minyak ikan dan minyak jagung yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kandungan gizi mayones secara proksimat serta menentukan formulasi terbaik. Penelitan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu perbedaan konsentrasi penambahan minyak ikan dan jenis minyak ikan yang digunakan (belly dan trimming). Rasio penggunaan minyak ikan : minyak jagung yang digunakan terdiri atas 4 formula, yaitu 45:55; 40:50; 35:65; dan 30:70 dari total minyak 65%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi proksimat mayones yang dibuat menggunakan minyak jagung yang dicampur dengan minyak ikan (belly dan trimming) dalam berbagai konsentrasi memberikan pengaruh terhadap air, abu, lemak, dan protein berturut-turut yaitu 8,60 –16,26%, 1,23–1,53%, 69-90–77,63%, dan 3,94–5,11% dan hampir seluruh parameter memenuhi standar SNI 4473-2018.

COVID-19 patients face physical and psychological problems. Physical complaints are usually fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath, while psychological problems are anxiety, fear, and stress during isolation. Referring to the problem, the health care for patients with COVID-19 should not only for handling physical problems but also psycho-social-religious problems. One way to deal with the psychological problem is to provide counseling services conducted in referral hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Adiyathma general hospital and Wongosonegoro general hospital of Semarang. The health care of COVID-19 patients in the hospital pays attention to the psychological problems through counseling services conducted by psychologists. This study was a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach to explore counseling services in health care for COVID-19 patients. The subjects of this study were COVID-19 patients who were Muslim and underwent isolation in hospitals. The results showed that counseling services provide based on doctors' recommendations or the patient's request due to psychological problems such as anxiety, fear, and adaptation disorders. Counseling practices were conducted using common methods such as relaxation, psychoeducation, client center, and CBT (cognitive behavior therapy), combined with religious methods (Islam) by inviting patients to get closer to Allah through prayer and dhikr.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out more about the psycho-social-spiritual problems experienced by People with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) Muslims and their efforts to overcome them by using religious coping. Methods: This research is a qualitative research method with a telling-the-stories approach. This study describes assumptions about the physical/behavioral, social/emotional, cultural/historical, and spiritual aspects related to clinical participants' body, life, and power. In the context of this research, telling the stories from HIV/AIDS patients about how psycho-social-spiritual problems are experienced and efforts to overcome them with religious coping. This study involved 33 HIV/AIDS patients informants at Central General Hospital (RSUP) of Dr. Kariadi Semarang, Central Java with the criteria of being Muslim, medication adherence (ARV therapy). Findings: The results showed that most PLWHA experienced physical complaints such as pain in the early days of taking ARVs, opportunistic infections such as Stevens-Johnson, dizziness, temporary blindness, and body stiffness. Psychological problems including stress, anxiety, fear of death, and guilt. The physical and psychological problems experienced by PLWHA encourage them to use religious coping such as praying, dhikr, and prayer. This religious coping has a calming effect, which impacts reducing physical complaints and overcoming psychological problems. The psychoneuroimmunology pathway can explain the physical and psychological relationship, which shows that favorable psychological conditions trigger the nerves to work optimally to increase immunity. Discussion: In conclusion, religious coping can be used to overcome the bio-psycho-social-religious problems of PLWHA. This strengthens the application of holistic therapy to PLWHA through palliative care to handle pain and other physical complaints and psychosocial-spiritual concerns.

Revitalization of premarital guidance has been conducted by the Director-General of Islamic Community Guidance of the Ministry of Religious Affairs since 2017. The program is a solution to high cases of divorce, child marriage, and domestic violence. The main priority of this program is implemented in districts/cities with high divorce rates. Semarang as the provincial capital could be a portrait representation of this program, let alone it is recorded as the city with the highest divorce rate in Central Java. The target for 2018-2019 could be achieved well and maximum. The COVID-19 pandemic brought its problems for the fulfillment of this targeted activity. This descriptive qualitative study illustrated how the implementation of pre-marital marriage guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Semarang. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic gave technical changes in implementing premarital guidance that should be under the health protocols such as reducing the number of participants for face-to-face premarital guidance, eliminating premarital guidance for teenagers, and improving independent premarital guidance. Also, there was a decrease in the target activity caused by the low number of marriage applicants.

Proses pengolahan ikan patin di Indonesia memiliki hasil samping hingga 67% dari total bobotnya dan berpotensi menimbulkan polusi. Pemanfaatan hasil samping sebagai biopelumas yang ramah lingkungan merupakan salah satu solusi dalam penanggulangan hasil samping menjadi produk yang bernilai ekonomis. Namun, pelumas yang dihasilkan harus dapat memenuhi standar nasional Indonesia (SNI). Riset ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi biopelumas yang dibuat dari hasil samping produksi ikan patin Siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus), berupa bagian jeroan atau isi perut, dan membandingkannya dengan SNI 7069.9:2016. Isi perut patin diekstrak menjadi minyak kasar dengan metode wet rendering. Selanjutnya, minyak kasar diubah menjadi biopelumas melalui tahapan hidrolisis, polimerisasi, dan poliesterifikasi. Bahan baku minyak kasar diuji komposisi asam lemak, bilangan asam lemak bebas, dan bilangan penyabunan. Sementara itu, karakterisasi biopelumas dilakukan dengan variabel densitas, viskositas kinematik pada suhu 40 dan 100°C, warna, indeks viskositas, flashpoint, pour point, dan uji korosi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa suhu poliesterifikasi 135°C akan menghasilkan biopelumas terbaik. Biopelumas ini memiliki densitas 0,903 g/cm3; viskositas 40°C sebesar 39,76 cSt; viskositas 100°C sebesar 7,94 cSt; indeks viskositas 176; dan sifat korosi yang rendah (1A). Indeks viskositas dan korosi bilah tembaga menunjukkan bahwa minyak patin adalah bahan baku biopelumas yang potensial. Namun, titik nyala dari biopelumas masih rendah (127°C) dan titik tuangnya juga tinggi (27°C). Modifikasi proses lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan untuk menaikkan titik nyala serta menurunkan titik tuang, sehingga produk ini dapat memenuhi persyaratan sebagai biopelumas. ABSTRACT The pangasius processing in Indonesia has a by-products waste, that can reach up to 67% of its total weight, and may cause pollution. An environmentally friendly lubricant (biolubricant) is a potential solution that transforms the by-products waste into an economically value product. However, the proceed biolubricant has to meet the Indonesian National Standard (abbreviated SNI). The purpose of this study were to characterize the biolubricant from pangasius (Pangasius hypophthalmus) by-products, which is the viscera part, and to compare the product with the Indonesian lubricant standard SNI 7069.9: 2016 reference. The crude fish oil was extracted from the viscera using the wet rendering method. Furthermore, the crude fish oil was converted into biolubricant through the stages of hydrolysis, polymerization, and polyesterification. The raw material of pangasius by-products was characterized by fatty acid profiles, free fatty acid numbers, and saponification numbers. Meanwhile, the biolubricant product was characterized by density, kinematic viscosity at temperatures of 40 and 100°C, color, viscosity index, flashpoint, pour point, and hazardous corrosion test. The results showed that the best biolubricants were those through the polyesterification temperature process of 135°C. This biolubricant has a density of 0.903 g/cm3; a viscosity at 40°C of 39.76 cSt; a viscosity at 100°C of 7.94 cSt; a viscosity index of 176; and low corrosion level (1A). The viscosity index and corrosion of copper blades were adequate for biolubricant standards. However, the biolubricant flashpoint was relatively low (127°C) and the pour point was relatively high (27°C). A further modification is needed to adjust the flash and pour points so that the biolubricant able to fullfil the national lubricant standard.

HIV / AIDS patients need biopsychosociospiritual therapy, it means that patients are not only seen in terms of organobiological, psychological, social but also spiritual aspects. Spiritual therapy is needed for patients in dealing with the complexity of the problems caused by HIV / AIDS, therefore VCT counselor (Voluntary Counseling Test) in the PLWHA referral hospital (People Living with HIV / AIDS) must meet the spiritual aspects of HIV / AIDS patients (clients). This research was a qualitative research with a psychological approach to describe the spiritual dimension in the practice of counseling for HIV / AIDS patients in the VCT clinic of PLWHA referral hospitals in Semarang (RSI Sultan Agung and Panti Wilasa Citarum Hospital). The two "religious" hospitals are unique because VCT counselors come from patients' spiritual guides. The results showed that the spiritual dimension in counseling practice for HIV/AIDS patients could be achieved by implementing religious counseling objectives. The Counselor VCT Panti Wilasa hospital applies Pastoral counseling objectives such as sustaining, improving the relationship or reconciling, repentance, and growth of faith. Meanwhile, VCT RSI Counsellor applies Islamic counseling objectives such as understanding of Allah SWT, improving faith and worship, and improving morality.

This study aims to describe Islamic guidance services in improving the cognitive function of heart disease patients at Sunan Kudus Hospital. The data source of this study were clergy and heart disease patients at Sunan Kudus Hospital. Data collected by observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis using Miles and Huberman's theory, began the collection, presentation, and inference of data. The results of this study indicate that heart disease patients at Sunan Kudus Hospital have a negative cognitive function that is the mind focuses on pain and death. The practice of Islamic guidance in improving the cognitive function of heart disease patients uses the direct method of visiting clergy in each patient's room. The indirect method is by using Qur'anic healing, namely by listening to verses of the Qur'an to the patient through the speaker. This guidance practice provides positive benefits to the cognitive function of the patient. This positive benefit is seen in the attention, memory and ways of solving the patient's problem. Patient's attention is no longer too focused on pain and death. Meanwhile the patient's memory by remembering Allah Almighty the mind becomes more calm, and the patient is able to find solutions to the problems being faced.

Alocasia alba Schott is a member of Macrorrhizos group from Aroid family that has conserved in Bali Botanic Garden. On its development, the collections showed varied morphological diversity on leaves and flowers. The aim of this study is to fill the knowledge gap in morphology and anatomy of the species A. alba and to know the phenotypic variation in this species. A total of eight A. alba accessions from Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara were observed in morphological and anatomical characters. The result showed that the eight accessions of A. alba have some variations in morphological and anatomical characters. These variations might be caused by genetic factors that resulted from plant adaptation to the different environments.

Catfish fillet processing industries produce several wastes, such us belly flap. This part has high fat content that can be a source of essential fatty acids. This research aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the unsaturated fatty acids obtained from pangasius fish encapsulated with maltodextrin and sodium caseinate at different combinations. To determine the best combination of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate with ratio 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30, parameters such as emulsion viscosity, product yield, microencapsulation efficiency, encapsulated oil yield, water solubility, morphology and whiteness were measured. Based on the results, maltodextrin and sodium caseinate ratio of 70/30 was the most optimal because it resulted in the highest values in terms of microencapsulation efficiency (63.08%) and oil micro-encapsulation yield (24.13%).

Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Lindl.) Pfitzer known as slipper orchid is an endemic terrestrial orchid from Indonesia. This orchid is threatened with extinction and listed under CITES Appendix I. In-vitro propagation of P. javanicum has been done in Bali Botanic Garden (BBG) for last six years but acclimatization stage has not given satisfied result. The purpose of this study was to know the ef-fect of liquid fertilizer on vegetative growth of P. javanicum planlet during acclimatization stage. Beyonic StarTmik liquid fertilizer ap-plied by five different doses considered as treatment of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mL. They were 10 planlets for each treatment considered as replication. In this research we observe vegetative growth of P. ja-vanicum by quantitative and qualitative parameter. Quantitative data were analysis by ANOVA. Result showed, high percentage of planlet survival was observed of 98% and liquid fertilizer dose for 30 mL gave the optimal vegetative growth of P. javanicum planlet with aver-age height of 2.2 cm and leaves number of 13 pieces. There were no differences on qualitative parameter in all treatment that all leaves color was dark green and leaves tessellation appearance was obvious

Housewives with HIV/AIDS are faced with internal problems because the virus continues to invade their bodies and external problems such as caring for their husbands and children infected with HIV/AIDS, stigma and discrimination, maintaining family integrity and even taking responsibility for economic problems when the husband dies. They need social support. One of the most important sources of social support is peers, especially for those who have not done open status to the family. Peer support can be obtained through Peer Support Groups (KDS) through counseling, education, and information. This qualitative research using the methodo­logy approach tries to explore the social support that is obtained by housewives with HIV/AIDS through peer support groups that they participate in General Hospital Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Research involving 15 informants shows that peer support groups can provide social support for them, including information support about the treatment and development of HIV/AIDS; emotional support, self-esteem support, and network support such as intensive communication and strong friendships; and real assistance: venture capital assistance, business skills, and assistance in accessing treatment

Objective: To describe the presence of bacteria at the seller's hand of meatball vendors and cart meatball bowls. Method: This is a descriptive study with an observational approach. Thirty mobile meatball vendors were recruited as participants. Therefore, the bacterias from bowls and hands were taken by swab sampling. The number of bacterias were obtained using total plate count method by means of nutrient agar. Bacteria types were identified using Gram staining method and bacteria assay. Results: The hands and bowls swab samples were positive for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in all cases. These microorganisms include Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter aglomereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Serratia rubidaea, Yersinia enterocolitica, E. aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusions: Some types of bacterias were present in cart meatball bowls and the sellers’ hands. This phenomenon is affiliated with the emergence of food-borne diseases for the consumers.

This qualitative research attempts to describe the Religious Coping Strategies (RCS) of HIV / AIDS women in the Dr. Kariadi State Government Hospital, Semarang. Data collection through in-depth interviews with 6 informants. The result shows that 4 housewives informants developed Positive RCS, can be seen from three aspects, namely 1). They improve worship and forgive partners; 2). They are able to take lessons from the pain and use the hijab; 3). They are optimistic, it is shown in the spirit of work and adherence to treatment. The other 2 informants, WPS (Female Sex Workers) and PK (Karaoke Guides) tend to choose Negative RCS. This is seen from spiritual dissatisfaction (assuming fate and not wanting to change themselves for the better), thinking that the illness is a punishment indicated by despair and suicide attempts, and judging negatively on his religion (still running his profession without heeding the sins and effects that have been experienced). Furthermore, the roots of the relevance of RCS for HIV / AIDS women with the application of sufistic counseling in health services can be traced to the existence of Islamic counseling practiced by counselors at this clinic. This is where the opportunity to apply Islamic counseling is more specific to the planting of Sufistic values. Sufistic counseling emphasizes behaviors such as gratitude, patience, qana'ah, and sincerity, in fact RCS can be invested in Muslim HIV / AIDS patients. These attitudes and behaviors play an important role in suppressing the progression of the disease.

This paper seeks to understand what constitutes vulnerability among healthcare users in relations and social interactions with their healthcare providers. While many authors see vulnerability as an intersection of more or less permanent categories, such as gender, sexuality, social class, or ethnicity/race etc., we point to much more subtle and situational forces at play. In particular, we argue that vulnerability results from patients’ situational or contextual in/capability or un/willingness to communicate. We apply an interactional theory, namely a group-centred and relational approach (Choo, Ferree 2010; Giritli-Nygren, Olofsson 2014; McCall 2005) that focuses on particular marginalised groups and studies their relations to dominant groups. We build on ethnographic research with two different groups: (1) elderly patients in a long-term care unit; (2) foreign-born women who received care during their pregnancy and childbirth in Czech healthcare facilities and maternity wards. Our research includes participant observation in hospital settings and ethnographic in-depth and semi-structured interviews with healthcare users as well as providers.

In this work, a series of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-coumarin hybrid systems were designed as potential antitumour agents. The structural modification of the coumarin ring was carried out by Cu(I)-catalysed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin and terminal aromatic alkynes to obtain 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolyl-coumarin conjugates 2a–g, bis(1,2,3-triazolyl-coumarin)benzenes 2h–i and coumarin-1,2,3-triazolyl-benzazole hybrids 4a–b. The newly synthesised hybrid molecules were investigated for in vitro antitumour activity against five human cancer cell lines, colon carcinoma HCT116, breast carcinoma MCF-7, lung carcinoma H 460, human T-lymphocyte cells CEM, cervix carcinoma cells HeLa, as well as human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Most of these compounds showed moderate to pronounced cytotoxic activity, especially towards MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 = 0.3–32 μM. In addition, compounds 2a–i and 4a–b were studied by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and their basic photophysical parameters were determined.

Pasien rawat inap merupakan mad’u berkebutuhan karena menderita penyakit tertentu yang membutuhkan perhatian tersendiri. Pasien tidak hanya membutuhkan terapi farmasi, tetapi juga terapi psikospiritual. Penelitian kualitatif deskripstif ini mencoba menguraikan tentang Hu Care (Husnul Khatimah Care) bagi pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit Nur Hidayah Bantul Yogyakarta. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa Hu Care merupakan Islamic Palliative Care yang dikembangkan berdasarkan teori pallitive care yaitu perawatan bagi pasien terminal yang tidak hanya mengatasi problem fisik, tetapi juga problem psikologis, sosial, spiritual dengan tujuan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Hu Care adalah perawatan yang menggabungkan teori keperawatan medis dengan ajaran Islam terutama nilai-nilai sufistik. Nilai-nilai tersebut antara lain dua kalimat syahadat, Salat, konsep sakit dalam Islam, menerima takdir, dan ruqyah. Berbagai nilai-nilai sufistik tersebut merupakan faktor yang membentuk psikologis positif pada pasien, yang pada gilirannya mampu meningkatkan imun alami dan berpengaruh mempercepat kesembuhan.

Isi perut merupakan hasil samping pengasapan ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) yang jumlahnya mencapai 5-6%/hari dari jumlah ikan yang diasap. Jumlah hasil samping yang besar tersebut apabila tidak diolah dapat mencemari lingkungan. Masyarakat pengolah di Kabupaten Kampar, Riau telah mengekstraksi isi perut tersebut menjadi minyak ikan kasar dengan produksi 110 L/hari. Untuk itu diperlukan teknologi pemurnian yang dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi minyak ikan kasar yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pemurnian minyak kasar hasil samping pengasapan ikan patin dengan menggunakan empat metode pemurnian. Masing-masing metode pemurnian tersebut memiliki perbedaan seperti konsentrasi bentonit, waktu dan suhu proses, konsentrasi NaOH pada proses netralisasi, dan penggunaan asam sitrat atau natrium klorida pada proses degumming. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah dua jenis minyak ikan patin kasar yaitu hasil ekstraksi isi perut ikan patin dengan pengukusan dan hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan. Sebelum dan setelah dimurnikan, minyak ikan dianalisis bilangan asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iodin, warna, dan profil asam lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dengan pengukusan yang dimurnikan menggunakan metode I, terjadi penurunan nilai asam lemak bebas sebesar 50,79%; peroksida sebesar 23,75%; dan peningkatan angka iodin 20,99%. Sedangkan pada minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan yang telah dimurnikan menggunakan metode II terjadi penurunan nilai asam lemak bebas sebesar 50,30%; peroksida 49,77%; dan peningkatan angka iodin 30,92% Pemurnian minyak ikan patin terbaik dihasilkan dari minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan pengukusan yang dimurnikan dengan metode I dan minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan pemanasan yang dimurnikan dengan metode II karena telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh International Association of Fish Meal Manufactures, International Fish Oil Standard, dan standar farmakope Indonesia sebagai minyak ikan mutu pangan.

Study aimed to investigate the utilization of shrimp shell powder in the production of lindur fruit-potato simulation chips, which was assessed using proximate composition, texture performance and sensory evaluation parameters. Three different ratios of lindur fruit-potato flour (w/w) (30:70, 40:60 and 50:50), as well as different concentrations of shrimp shell powder (0, 1, 3 and 5%) were used in the formula. The results showed that lindur fruit-potato simulation chips enriched with shrimp shell powder had 3.22-4.42% moisture content, 3.33-4.94% ash content, 3.77-5.83% protein content, 14.59-19.04% fat content, 71.06-76.34% carbohydrate content and 341.4-530.9 g/cm2 hardness. Ratio lindur fruit flour and potato flour of 40:60 as well as 3% of shrimp shell powder was chosen as the best treatment since the formula produced lower hardness, higher protein content and the most crispy and tasty chips preferred by panelists.

Artikel ini mencoba mendeskripsikan salah satu aktivitas dakwah pada ranah kehidupan manusia yaitu pada setting rumah sakit. Fokus kajian pada sistem pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling Islam yang dilaksanakan di rumah sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Sebuah pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling Islam pada dasarnya merupakan sistem yang terdiri dari berbagai unsur yang terlibat dalam pelayanan tersebut. Dalam konteks pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling di rumah sakit, sistem yang dimaksud setidaknya terdiri dari penyelenggara, petugas, pasien, materi, media, metode, sarana prasarana, pendokumentasian/ pengarsipan dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan unsur dalam sistem pelayanan inilah, akan diurai lebih lanjut berkaitan dengan sistem pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling Islam bagi pasien rawat inap di RSI sultan agung Semarang. Dimana pada realitasnya setiap unsur dalam pelayanan tersebut memegang peran penting dalam pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan dan konseling Islam oleh bagian Bimbingan dan Penyuluhan Islam melalui satu unit yang bernama Bimbingan Kerohanian Islam. kata kunci: Dakwah, Sistem Pelayanan Bimbingan Konseling Islam, Pasien Rawat Inap. DAKWA IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS :(DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE SERVICE SYSTEM GUIDANCE COUNSELING ISLAM FOR PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN RSI SULTAN AGUNG SEMARANG). This article attempts to describe one of the missionary activity in the realms of human life is in the hospital setting. The assessment focused on the system of Islamic guidance and counseling services are carried out in hospitals Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. A guidance and counseling services Islam is basically a system that consists of various elements involved in these services. In the context of guidance and counseling services in hospitals, the system that is at least composed of the organizers, officials, patients, materials, media, methods, infrastructure, documentation / archiving and evaluation. Based on the elements in this service system, will be parsed further relates to a system of Islamic guidance and counseling services for inpatients in RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. Where in reality every element in these services play an important role in the implementation of guidance and counseling services by the Islamic Guidance and Counseling section Islam through a unit called Islamic Spiritual Guidance. Keywords: Dakwa, System Services Counseling Islam, Inpatient.

Penggunaan edible coating merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk melindungi udang dari kerusakan selama penyimpanan, memperpanjang masa penyimpanan dan menjaga kualitas produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi edible coating dari campuran kitosan dan ekstrak lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) dalam mempertahankan mutu udang vannamei kupas selama penyimpanan pada suhu dingin. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variasi konsentrasi bahan edible coating yaitu sebesar 0 dan 1% untuk kitosan dan 0, 1, dan 2% untuk ekstrak lindur serta kombinasi antara keduanya. Parameter yang diuji dalam penelitian ini meliputi TVB, TPC, pH, dan warna selama penyimpanan 1, 4, dan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kitosan 0%; lindur 2% mampu menghambat aktivitas bakteri,TVB, TPC, pH, dan warna udang vannamei kupas selama 1 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu 10 °C secara signifikan. Dengan demikian, ekstrak lindur dapat menjadi alternatif bahan antibakteri dan efektif sebagai pengawet alami pada udang vannamei kupas.

Mahkota Dewa as a traditional plant has been commonly used as traditional cancer medication. However, the mechanism of usage is not yet clear. The objective of this study is to know the mechanism of the protection effect of Mahkota Dewa on Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM cell line. The result show BaP induced cell death with in CCRF-CEM cell line is dose-dependent but not based on time-course. Exposure of this cell for 24 h with variation of dose between 5-20 μM increased the percentage of apoptosis to about 15%. On the other hand, Mahkota Dewa itself has dose-dependently induced cytotoxicity and has no effect in the inhibition of BaP exposure. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in both BaP and Mahkota Dewa induced cytotoxicity has been seen but the involvement of oxidative stress is unclear. However, in other cancer cell line SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, the inhibition efffect of Mahkota Dewa in BaP exposure has been seen and no cytotoxicity effect appeared in this cell line. In conclusion, Mahkota Dewa has induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cancer cell line but not in SH-SY5Y cell line, so it has a potential anticancer effect; Mahkota Dewa, however, requires more researches on DNA level using other type of cancer to observe the mechanism.

Penderita kusta atau morbus hansen secara umum mengalami cacat ganda yaitu cacat fisik dan cacat psikososial. Komplesitas problem yang dihadapi penderita kusta ditangani melalui program lintas terpadu, yang meliputi rehabilitasi medik, rehabilitasi mental psikologik, pendidikan kekaryaan dan rehabilitasi sosial. Bentuk rehabilitasi mental psikologis salah satunya bisa dilakukan melalui pemberian layanan konseling Islam sebagaimana yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Tugurejo sebagai pusat rujukan kusta di Jawa Tengah. Berangkat dari fenomena tersebut, kajian ini mencoba menjawab dua permasalahan penting yaitu bagaimana kondisi psikologis dan bagaimana pelaksanaan konseling Islam bagi individu kronis morbus hansen di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. Hasilnya kondisi psikologis pasien kusta sangat beragam antara mulai dari shock, stres, stigmatisasi diri, isolasi diri, keinginan bunuh diri, dan gangguan konsep diri. Sedangkan pelayanan konseling Islam diberikan secara rutin baik individu maupun kelompok, dan menerapkan model hikmah, mauidzah hasanah dan mujadalah. Kata Kunci: Konseling Islam, Individu, Penyakit Kronis Morbus Hansen. ISLAMIC COUNSELLING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL DISEASED CHRONIC MORBUS HANSEN. Patients with leprosy or morbus hansen in general experience a double disability namely physically and psychosocial disability. Complex ecology problem faced by patients with leprosy handled through integrated traffic program that includes medical rehabilitation, mental rehabilitation psychological, public works education and social rehabilitation. The form of mental rehabilitation psychological one only can be done through the gift of Islamic counselling service as was done in the Regional General Hospital Tugurejo as referral center of leprosy in Central Java. Journeyed from the phenomena the study attempts to answer two important issues that is how the psychological condition and how the implementation of Islamic counselling for the individual chronic morbus hansen in RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. As a result the psychological condition of leprosy patients very varied between the start of the shock, stress, stigmatisasi himself self isolation, desire suicide, and disruption of the concept of self. While counseling services Islam given routinely both individuals and groups and apply the model of wisdom, mauidzah hasanah and mujadalah. Keywords: Counseling Islam, the individual Diseased Chronic Morbus Hansen.

Although tinnitus is a very common symptom, risk factors related to behavior and habits have not been sufficiently investigated. As no investigation on this problem has been performed in Serbia, the aim of our study was to establish the prevalence of tinnitus among Serbian adolescents and to investigate the relationship between their behavior and habits and tinnitus. This investigation was designed as a cross-sectional interview study among secondary school students in Belgrade, Serbia (277 boys and 494 girls). An anonymous questionnaire was self-administered at classes. The investigated variables were: The presence of tinnitus, sources of noise, night outs at noisy places, use of personal music players, smoking, second hand smoke (SHS), substance abuse, coffee and alcohol consumption. Spearman′s rank-order correlations and multiple logistic regressions were performed with variables related to behavior and habits as independent ones and tinnitus as a dichotomized dependent variable. Tinnitus was reported by 99 students (12.8%), more frequently among girls compared with boys (P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis in boys revealed a significant independent effect of a regular drug abuse on the onset of tinnitus. The chances of tinnitus were 13 times higher among drug addicts compared with non-drug users (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] for tinnitus = 13.072; 1.335-127.946). In girls, the significant independent effect on tinnitus was found for daily duration of exposure to SHS (OR and 95% CI for tinnitus = 1.328; 1.073-1.644 /per 2 hours of exposure/).