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This paper analyses trade balance in Indonesian economy by using Indonesia input-output tables for the year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. The results showed that, firstly, Indonesian export had been increased significantly during the year of study. Secondly, Indonesian import had also increased significantly during the year of study. Important sectors and countries’ trade partners of export and import had been indicated. Thirdly, trade balances in Indonesia economy were surpluses in all years of the study. Sectors and countries in which trade balances were deficits and surpluses had also been clearly indicated.

This brief article reports on the psychometric characteristics of the early development of individuals’ intention to engage in philanthropic activities questionnaire. In the innitial stage of development, the questionnaire was tried out by administering it online to a targeted sample. Out of 63 sample participants completing the questionnaire, only 43 data were appropriate for further analysis using the Rasch model. While the overall scale of the questionnaire suggested multidimensionality, subscales aligned with unidimensionality criteria. Acceptable reliability was observed in the overall scale and the Funding Philanthropic Brand Trust (FPBT) subscale, contrasting with inadequate reliability in the Philanthropic Brand Preference (PBP) and Pride of Affiliation (PoA) subscales, warranting further investigation. Specific items like Q17, Q31, Q42, and Q44 posed challenges, indicating difficulties in discussing social issues, cultural conformity in donations, valuing recognition, and seeking community support in philanthropy. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis revealed demographic variations in responses, indicating diverse agreement levels based on age, gender, and education. These findings offer crucial insights for refining future questionnaire iterations, highlighting the need for a second round of development to address these limitations, with an expanded sample size to ensure robustness.