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Many lateral biases exist in human behavior, often implicit and not deliberated. Romantic kissing and embracing received experimental attention in the last three decades. We investigated laterality in paintings depicting these social interactions using two methodologies to assess whether painters depicted such biases and whether these biases could be due to observers’ aesthetic preferences or painters’ ability in portraying naturalistic interactions. In Study 1, we inspected about 190,000 artworks available online to classify leftward and rightward biases in romantic kisses and embraces. The comparison of 103 paintings depicting clearly lateralized interactions revealed a significant rightward bias in romantic kissing (66%) and a trend toward a leftward bias (62%) for embraces, aligning with naturalistic studies of human interactions. In Study 2, 128 participants expressed their aesthetic preference between the paintings selected in Study 1 and their vertically mirrored versions. A preference for the original paintings over their mirrored versions emerged, especially when presented in the upper portion of the screen, but no significant preference for the typical lateralization of kissing and embracing was found. These findings suggest that artists’ alignment with naturalistic biases could be due to familiarity and exposure to asymmetric interactions rather than observers’ aesthetic preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social affective touch is an important aspect of close relationships in humans. It has been also observed in many non-human primate species. Despite the high relevance of behaviours like embraces for personal wellbeing and mental health, they remain vastly under-investigated in psychology. This may be because psychology often relies on a limited repertoire of behavioural measurements such as error rates and reaction time measurements. These are, however, insufficient to capture the multidimensional complexity of highly interactive dyadic behaviours like embraces. Based on recent advances in computational ethology in animal models, the rapidly emerging field of human computational ethology utilizes an accessible repertoire of machine learning methods to track and quantify complex natural behaviours. We highlight how such techniques can be utilized to investigate social touch and which preliminary conditions, motor aspects and higher-level interactions need to be considered. Ultimately, integration of computational ethology with mobile neuroscience techniques such as ultraportable EEG systems will allow for an ecologically valid investigation of social affective touch in humans that will advance psychological research of emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many online labor platforms have adopted algorithms to monitor or control workforces as a new form of algorithm management, there is no academic attempt to empirically examine how the algorithmic control of platforms influences platform workers’ behaviors in a platform context. In this study, we consider how algorithm management affects the platform workers’ response from a Digital Taylorism perspective. Digital Taylorism involves management’s use of technology to monitor workers by assigning and tracking work. Therefore, this study examines how algorithm control influences the platform workers’ response by mediating the tension of work compensation in an online labor platform context. Survey data collected from 216 food delivery riders in South Korea are used to test the model using partial least squares analysis. Our results show that algorithm control affects platform workers’ responses by mediating tensions of platform work compensation. Based upon our empirical findings, we can provide a theoretical perspective to relevant researchers who seek to find a theoretical mechanism of algorithm management. Moreover, we can offer practical insights to practitioners who are interested in algorithm management.

Students in large cities across the United States can better understand agriculture through their involvement in School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE). Since the passage of the Smith-Hughes Act in 1917, Agricultural Education has been a pathway that encourages students to continue schooling and connect with future careers. We conducted a descriptive study to explore the involvement of 2021-2022 high school Agricultural Education students in the National FFA Organization. Involvement was calculated through self-reported participation in chapter activities, officer positions, FFA degrees, and contests or events. Additionally, the study evaluated students' curiosity toward stretching or embracing as well as their overall adaptability in different situations. The study occurred in the fall of 2021 with 543 respondents from 18 urban SBAE programs in 12 states completing the online survey. Respondents reported self-perceived moderate curiosity, very strong adaptability, and light involvement in FFA. For urban SBAE students, involvement in FFA was not affected by demographics other than those in the 12th grade were more involved. This could imply study respondents who see the value in the organization's leadership training or college and career readiness are the most curious and adaptable toward being involved in the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many online labor platforms have adopted algorithms to monitor or control workforces as a new form of algorithm management, there is no academic attempt to empirically examine how the algorithmic control of platforms influences platform workers' behaviors in a platform context. In this study, we consider how algorithm management affects the platform workers' response from a Digital Taylorism perspective. Digital Taylorism involves management's use of technology to monitor workers by assigning and tracking work. Therefore, this study examines how algorithm control influences the platform workers' response by mediating the tension of work compensation in an online labor platform context. Survey data collected from 216 food delivery riders in South Korea are used to test the model using partial least squares analysis. Our results show that algorithm control affects platform workers' responses by mediating tensions of platform work compensation. Based upon our empirical findings, we can provide a theoretical perspective to relevant researchers who seek to find a theoretical mechanism of algorithm management. Moreover, we can offer practical insights to practitioners who are interested in algorithm management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embracing has several positive health effects, such as lowering blood pressure and decreasing infection risk. However, its association with general life satisfaction and daily mood has not been researched in detail. Here, we used a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach to monitor the daily number of embraces and daily mood in a sample of 94 adults over the course of seven days. We found that embracing frequency differed slightly over the week, with embracing occurring more frequently on weekends than on weekdays. We also found that higher daily embracing frequencies were associated with better daily mood using multilevel modeling. Only singles benefitted from increases in average embracing regarding their life satisfaction, whereas individuals in a relationship were unaffected by their embracing tendencies. Although our results are strictly correlational and do not indicate any direction or causality, embraces may be important for daily mood and general life satisfaction, but their efficacy seems to depend on relationship status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores mental health personnel's experiences in the encounter with family members of patients at risk of suicide so as to develop a deeper understanding of the content of caring. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 12 participants and were analysed and interpreted using a model inspired by the philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer. The context was psychiatric wards. Through a thematic analysis, four themes emerged: Acknowledgement as a premise for involving family members. Embracing with the family members' feelings and reactions. Strengthening hope in a situation entailing a serious risk of suicide. Providing reassurance to family members in transitional situations. Witnessing the family members' suffering and needs is understood as arousing a sense of responsibility in the participants and triggering various care strategies such as listening, embracing, strengthening hope and providing reassurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Sharia & Law Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim This study explores mental health personnel’s experiences in the encounter with family members of patients at risk of suicide so as to develop a deeper understanding of the content of caring. Methodology Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 12 participants and were analysed and interpreted using a model inspired by the philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer. The context was psychiatric wards. Findings Through a thematic analysis, four themes emerged: Acknowledgement as a premise for involving family members. Embracing with the family members’ feelings and reactions. Strengthening hope in a situation entailing a serious risk of suicide. Providing reassurance to family members in transitional situations. Conclusion Witnessing the family members’ suffering and needs is understood as arousing a sense of responsibility in the participants and triggering various care strategies such as listening, embracing, strengthening hope and providing reassurance.

The copulation of insects takes place in antipodal, inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, crucipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, reverse schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, reverse semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, indirect parallelopodal, indirect frontalopodal, pseudoepipodal, inverse pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of male and female. The copulation of stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea) takes mainly place in epipodal and semiepipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately to accessorily also in crucipodal, schizopodal, parallelopodal, inverse antipodal, orthopodal and antipodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of stick insects or walking sticks. The copulation of heelwalkers or gladiators (Mantophasmatodea) takes exclusively place in epipodal and partially established crucipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of heelwalkers or gladiators. The copulation of ice crawlers and rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) takes mainly place in epipodal and partially established crucipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of ice crawlers and rock crawlers. The copulation of cockroaches (Blattodea) takes almost exclusively place in antipodal position of male and female and only occasionally probably also in epipodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of cockroaches. The copulation of twisted wings (Strepsiptera) takes exclusively place in inverse pseudoepipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of twisted wings. The copulation of fringed wings or thripses (Thysanoptera) takes place in reverse epipodal, reverse semiepipodal, crucipodal, reverse schizopodal and antipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of fringed wings or thripses. The copulation of earwigs (Dermaptera) takes mainly place in antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately to accessorily also in schizopodal and parallelopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of earwigs. The copulation of moss bugs or beetle bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha) takes probably place in epipodal position of male and female. The copulation of fleas (Siphonoptera) takes exclusively place in reverse epipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of fleas. The copulation of barklice and booklice (Psocoptera) takes mainly place in reverse epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal and reverse orthopodal position of both partners and possibly sometimes even in epipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of barklice and booklice. The copulation von plant lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) takes mainly place in epipodal and orthopodal position of male and female and occasionally also in schizopodal and parallelopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of plant lice. The copulation of lice (Phthiraptera) takes mainly place in reverse epipodal and inverse antipodal position of male and female as well as possibly occasionally also in epipodal and schizopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of lice. The copulation of ground lice or angel insects (Zoraptera) takes mainly place in inverse antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in reverse epipodal and parallelopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of ground lice or angel insects. The copulation of jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha), silverfish or fishmoths (Zygentoma) and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura) takes exclusively place in indirect parallelopodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of jumping bristletails, silverfish or fishmoths and two-pronged bristletails. The copulation of springtails (Collembola) takes mainly place in indirect parallelopodal position of male and female and subordinately also in indirect frontalopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of springtails. The different positions during the copulation of stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea), heelwalkers or gladiators (Mantophasmatodea), ice crawlers and rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea), cockroaches (Blattodea), twisted wings (Strepsiptera), fringed wings or thripses (Thysanoptera), earwigs (Dermatoptera), moss bugs or beetle bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha), fleas (Siphonaptera), barklice and booklice (Psocoptera), plant lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), lice (Phthiraptera), ground lice or angel insects (Zoraptera), jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha), silverfish or fishmoths (Zygentoma), springtails (Collembola) and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura) are described, and the systematical distribution of the different positions during the pairing is explained and illustrated with examples from the individual orders, families and genera of stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea), heelwalkers or gladiators (Mantophasmatodea), ice crawlers and rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea), cockroaches (Blattodea), twisted wings (Strepsiptera), fringed wings or thripses (Thysanoptera), earwigs (Dermatoptera), moss bugs or beetle bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha), fleas (Siphonaptera), barklice and booklice (Psocoptera), plant lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), lice (Phthiraptera), ground lice or angel insects (Zoraptera), jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha), silverfish or fishmoths (Zygentoma), springtails (Collembola) and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura). Distribution and abundance of the different positions in the copulation of male and female in the different orders of insects are summarized in the tables 1 - 6 in the attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copulation of insects takes place in antipodal, inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of male and female. The copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) takes mainly place in schizopodal and sympodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in epipodal and antipodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of beakflies. The copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) takes place in different positions in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae), the hangingflies (Bittacidae) and the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). The schizopodal position of both partners in the pairing occurs in the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) only in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae) but not in the hangingflies (Bittacidae) and the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). The epipodal position of both partners in the pairing occurs in the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) only in the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae) but not in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae) and the hangingflies (Bittacidae). The sympodal position of both partners in the pairing and the antipodal position of both partners in the pairing occur in the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) only in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae) and the hangingflies (Bittacidae) but not in the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). The copulation of snakeflies (Raphidioptera) takes mainly place in inverse antipodal, epipodal, semiepipodal and antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in semischizopodal position of both partners, whereas a sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of snakeflies. The copulation of alderflies (Megaloptera: Sialidae) takes place in epipodal, reverse semiepipodal, orthopodal, lateralopodal and antipodal position of male and female, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of alderflies. The copulation of fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) takes place in antipodal, epipodal and clinopodal position of male and female, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of fishflies. The copulation of stoneflies (Plecoptera) takes mainly place in epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal, lateralopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal and orthopodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodale, semischizopodal, reverse orthopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of stoneflies. The copulation of caddisflies (Trichoptera) takes mainly place in antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in schizopodal, orthopodal and pseudosympodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of caddisflies. The copulation of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) takes mainly place in reverse semiepipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal and sympodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of mayflies. The different positions during the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera), snakeflies (Raphidioptera), alderflies (Megaloptera: Sialidae), stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are described, and the systematical distribution of the different positions during the pairing is explained and illustrated with examples from the individual orders, families and genera of beakflies (Mecoptera), snakeflies (Raphidioptera), alderflies (Megaloptera: Sialidae), stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Distribution and abundance of the different positions in the copulation of male and female in the most important orders of insects are summarized in the tables 1 - 3 in Mader (2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educacao e Pesquisa is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The copulation of insects takes place in antipodal, inverser antipodal, sympodal, inverser sympodal, reverse sympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of male and female. The copulation of grasshoppers (Orthoptera) takes mainly place in epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in inverse antipodal, antipodal, clinopodal and schizopodal position of both partners and occasionally even in sympodal, inverse sympodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, reverse epipodal, reverse semiepipodal and lateralopodal orientation of male and female, whereas a cyclopodal, sinusoidal, reverse sympodal, semiepipodal, semischizopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal and pseudocyclopodal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of grasshoppers. The copulation of praying mantids (Mantodea) takes mainly place in epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in clinopodal and schizopodal position of both partners and occasionally even in sympodal and parallelopodal orientation of male and female, whereas a cyclopodal, sinusoidal, antipodal, inverse antipodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, pseudoepipodal and pseudocyclopodal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of praying mantids. The copulation of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) takes exclusively place in cyclopodal position of male and female. The different positions during the copulation of grasshoppers (Orthoptera) and praying mantids (Mantodea) as well as dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are described, and the systematical distribution of the different positions during the pairing is explained and illustrated with examples from the individual orders, families and genera of grasshoppers and praying mantids as well as dragonflies and damselflies. Distribution and abundance of the different positions in the copulation of male and female in the most important orders of insects are summarized in the tables 1 - 3 in the attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We review recent works on the lateralization of human social touch. • Kissing, Cradling and Embracing are investigated. • Side biases in social touch are determined by both motor and emotive biases. Abstract Social touch is an important aspect of human social interaction - across all cultures, humans engage in kissing, cradling and embracing. These behaviors are necessarily asymmetric, but the factors that determine their lateralization are not well-understood. Because the hands are often involved in social touch, motor preferences may give rise to asymmetric behavior. However, social touch often occurs in emotional contexts, suggesting that biases might be modulated by asymmetries in emotional processing. Social touch may therefore provide unique insights into lateralized brain networks that link emotion and action. Here, we review the literature on lateralization of cradling, kissing and embracing with respect to motor and emotive bias theories. Lateral biases in all three forms of social touch are influenced, but not fully determined by handedness. Thus, motor bias theory partly explains side biases in social touch. However, emotional context also affects side biases, most strongly for embracing. Taken together, literature analysis reveals that side biases in social touch are most likely determined by a combination of motor and emotive biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to address the findings in the literature regarding behavioral management strategies used by dentists in the dental care of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Material and Methods: the study was carried out at the Craveiro Costa Central Library, where scientific publications from 2000 to 2016 were reviewed. The search was carried out in the main databases, PubMed, Bireme, MedLine, EBSCO and SciELO, using the following key words: dentistry; autism; embracing; behavioral management; management. Results: 43 papers published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were retrieved. Based on the techniques used in the studies, it cannot be concluded which one would be the best and most effective because the choice for a technique depends on multiple factors. Conclusion: studies in dentistry related to behavioral management in patients with ASD are scarce, and further research in this area is necessary

Copyright of Journal of Psychology / Revista de Psihologie is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (FLSF) is the property of Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (FLSF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the study presented in this article was to examine the relationship between trait curiosity and two self-concept constructs which are gaining popularity in the creativity literature – creative self-efficacy (CSE) and creative personal identity (CPI). Although the role of curiosity in creativity seems well established, in fact there is little empirical evidence of the relationship between curiosity treated as a trait and both CSE and CPI. In a study conducted on a sample of middle and high school Polish students (N = 284; 55% female, aged 13–18, M = 14.74, SD = 1.14), curiosity was measured by the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (CEI-II: Kashdan, Gallagher, Silvia, Winterstein, Breen, Terhar, & Steger, 2009) and CSE and CPI by the Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS; Karwowski, Lebuda, & Wiśniewska, in press). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the existence of substantial correlations between measured constructs. Latent factor of CSE correlated strongly with a tendency to seek out new experiences (stretching, r = .72) and an acceptance of unpredictability (embracing, r = .67), while CPI correlated substantially with stretching (r = .62) and slightly less with embracing (r = .48) – all correlations were highly reliable (p < .001). Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis showed the existence of a strong relationship between the higher-order factor of curiosity (composed of stretching and embracing) and creative self (composed of CSE and CPI): r = .75, which may indicate common basis of creativity and curiosity. The consequences of curiosity for the development of CSE and CPI are discussed.

The article discusses Rachid Buchareb's film London River both from a theological and an educational point of view. Therefore I argue that this film may be of great use in the lesson of Religious Education (or other subjects that concern multicultural and inter-religious affairs), for it raises some crucial existential issues, mainly: how do people of different ethnic, religious and cultural backgrounds truly connect to one another especially in cases in which these exact differences may be the cause of extreme suffering. This is actually the thematic concept of the film. Based on the teachings of the Bible and particularly, the Incarnation and the way it is elaborated throughout Christian tradition, I conclude that mere tolerance will not suffice if humans are to truly connect and embrace each other in spite of any racial, cultural and religious differences. The film presents us both with the obstacles on the road to a true encounter between different people (the two protagonists, who represent the Christian and Muslim identities) and the right steps towards an intimate relationship. It is a realistic depiction of inter-personal and inter-cultural relationships, which may be better approached in a classroom environment through the use of open-ended questions. The latter promote analytical and creative thinking, which is necessary when we examine complex existential issues. This is the focal point of my educational approach to the film and in order to support it, I suggest a set of open-ended questions that may address the problems and issues that the film portrays. Within the same context, I also argue that doubt, which seems to pervade the whole story, can turn from a life and faith-consuming experience to a reason for a meaningful bond between people who come to experience it. The open-ended story of London River may denote a possibility of a better future regarding multi-ethic-religious affairs, based on the mutual desire for a genuine connection, friendliness and openness towards "otherness" that the Christian faith proposes. In this regard, Christian Churches should make use of the pattern of Incarnation outside the confines of mere adoption of a Christian doctrine. In terms of their dialogue with members of other religious traditions, they could see Incarnation as a starting point for the establishment of a common ground for the sake of peace and reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study presented in this article was to examine the relationship between trait curiosity and two self-concept constructs which are gaining popularity in the creativity literature - creative self-efficacy (CSE) and creative personal identity (CPI). Although the role of curiosity in creativity seems well established, in fact there is little empirical evidence of the relationship between curiosity treated as a trait and both CSE and CPI. In a study conducted on a sample of middle and high school Polish students (N = 284; 55% female, aged 13-18, M = 14.74, SD = 1.14), curiosity was measured by the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (CEI-II; Kashdan, Gallagher, Silvia, Winterstein, Breen, Terhar, & Steger, 2009) and CSE and CPI by the Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS; Karwowski, Lebuda, & Wiéniewska, in press). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the existence of substantial correlations between measured constructs. Latent factor of CSE correlated strongly with a tendency to seek out new experiences (stretching, r = .72) and an acceptance of unpredictability (embracing, r = .67), while CPI correlated substantially with stretching (r = .62) and slightly less with embracing (r = .48) -- all correlations were highly reliable (p < .001). Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis showed the existence of a strong relationship between the higher-order factor of curiosity (composed of stretching and embracing) and creative self (composed of CSE and CPI): r = .75, which may indicate common basis of creativity and curiosity. The consequences of curiosity for the development of CSE and CPI are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various species of primates engage in greeting, a ritualized pattern of nonaggressive behavior that usually occurs during a reunion. Black-and-white colobus ( Colobus guereza) perform overhead mounting, mounting, and embracing behavior soon after an aggressive act and in nonagonistic situations. We studied the pattern, distribution, and function of the greeting behavior in 2 captive groups of black-and-white colobus. Overhead mounting was the most frequent pattern, accounting for >60% of all greetings ( N=333). In nonagonistic situations, younger subordinate individuals greeted an older dominant individual more frequently than vice versa. A dominant male in a small multimale group frequently initiated contacts with adult females, though he was the oldest in the group. Conversely, the dominant male in a large 1-male group never greeted group members. Immediately after performing the greeting, the greeter groomed the recipient in more than half the cases. In the large group, greeting frequency correlates positively with the age difference between the pair; however, there is no correlation between the relatedness, affiliation frequency, or aggression frequency of a pair in either the small or large group. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that greeting behavior functions as a tension-reducing mechanism in nonagonistic situations. There is no evidence, however, that greeting functions to express social status or to attract a mate. In addition, the frequent greeting by the adult male in the small multimale group may indicate that individuals affirm social bonds via greeting behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]