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The year 2021 has seen many breakthroughs in general internal medicine, despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with multiple implications in our daily clinical practice. From shorter antibiotic treatment duration in community-acquired pneumonia, to new indications for colchicine treatment, without forgetting better targets of hemoglobin for transfusion, questioning of the interest of high dose vitamin D substitution when preventing falls in older patients and finally disappointing hopes for new indications of albumin substitution in cirrhosis, the literature is full of new evidence. Each year, the chief residents of the internal medicine ward in Lausanne university hospital (CHUV) in Switzerland meet up to share their readings: here is a selection of ten articles, chosen, summarized, and commented for you.L’année 2021, malgré la pandémie de Covid-19, a vu de nombreux progrès en médecine interne générale, avec de multiples implications pour notre pratique quotidienne. D’une durée diminuée d’antibiothérapie pour le traitement de la pneumonie communautaire à de nouvelles indications au traitement de colchicine, en passant par des précisions sur les cibles de transfusion érythrocytaire, ainsi qu’une remise en question de l’intérêt de la vitamine D à haute dose dans la prévention des chutes chez la personne âgée, et pour finir des espoirs déçus de nouvelle indication à la substitution d’albumine dans la cirrhose, les nouveautés abondent dans la littérature. Chaque année, les cheffes et chefs de clinique du Service de médecine interne du CHUV se réunissent pour partager leurs lectures : voici une sélection de dix articles choisis, revus et commentés pour vous.

While hepatitis C exemplifies the role of host genetics in infectious diseases outcomes, there is no comprehensive overview of polymorphisms influencing spontaneous and/or treatment-induced hepatitis C virus clearance. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of host polymorphisms associated with these phenotypes. Literature search was conducted using combinations of keywords in three databases. Studies were reviewed and relevant data systematically extracted for subsequent meta-analyses. Polymorphisms from candidate gene studies were tested in two cohorts of HCV-infected patients with available genomic data. The literature search yielded 8'294 citations, among which 262 studies were selected. In the meta-analysis of 27 HLA studies, the most significant associations with spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance included DQB1*02, DQB1*03, DRB1*04 and DRB1*11. In the meta-analysis of 16 studies of KIR genes and their HLA-ligands, KIR2DS3 was associated with both spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance, and the HLA-C2 ligand with failure to spontaneously clear the virus. In a pooled analysis of 105 candidate genes and two genome-wide association studies, we observed associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms from nine genes (EIF2AK2, IFNAR2, ITPA, MBL2, MX1, OASL, SPP1, TGFB1, TNK2) with response to interferon-based therapy. Meta-analysis of 141 studies confirmed the association of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms with spontaneous and treatment-induced hepatitis C virus clearance, even in previously underpowered groups, such as hepatitis C virus genotypes 2/3-infected patients. This study may contribute to a better understanding of hepatitis C virus immunopathogenesis and highlights the complex role of host genetics in hepatitis C virus clearance.