114 results on '"Emer, Carine"'
Search Results
2. Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions
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Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, Correia, Marta, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Ruben, Jordano, Pedro, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pizo, Marco Aurélio, Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Roman A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Sanz D’Angelo, Virginia, Schleuning, Matthias, da Silva, Luís Pascoal, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernanda, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., and Tylianakis, Jason M.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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3. Flower–bee versus pollen–bee metanetworks in fragmented landscapes
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Librán-Embid, Felipe, primary, Grass, Ingo, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Alarcón-Segura, Viviana, additional, Behling, Hermann, additional, Biagioni, Siria, additional, Ganuza, Cristina, additional, Herrera-Krings, Celina, additional, Setyaningsih, Christina Ani, additional, and Tscharntke, Teja, additional
- Published
- 2024
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4. A global map of species at risk of extinction due to natural hazards
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Gonçalves, Fernando, Farooq, Harith, Harfoot, Mike, Pires, Mathias M., Villar, Nacho, Sales, Lilian, Carvalho, Carolina, Bello, Carolina, Emer, Carine, Bovendorp, Ricardo S., Mendes, Calebe, Beca, Gabrielle, Lautenschlager, Laís, Souza, Yuri, Pedrosa, Felipe, Paz, Claudia, Zipparro, Valesca B., Akkawi, Paula, Bercê, William, Farah, Fabiano, Freitas, André V.L., Silveira, Luís Fábio, Olmos, Fábio, Geldmann, Jonas, Dalsgaard, Bo, Galetti, Mauro, Gonçalves, Fernando, Farooq, Harith, Harfoot, Mike, Pires, Mathias M., Villar, Nacho, Sales, Lilian, Carvalho, Carolina, Bello, Carolina, Emer, Carine, Bovendorp, Ricardo S., Mendes, Calebe, Beca, Gabrielle, Lautenschlager, Laís, Souza, Yuri, Pedrosa, Felipe, Paz, Claudia, Zipparro, Valesca B., Akkawi, Paula, Bercê, William, Farah, Fabiano, Freitas, André V.L., Silveira, Luís Fábio, Olmos, Fábio, Geldmann, Jonas, Dalsgaard, Bo, and Galetti, Mauro
- Abstract
An often-overlooked question of the biodiversity crisis is how natural hazards contribute to species extinction risk. To address this issue, we explored how four natural hazards, earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and volcanoes, overlapped with the distribution ranges of amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles that have either narrow distributions or populations with few mature individuals. To assess which species are at risk from these natural hazards, we combined the frequency and magnitude of each natural hazard to estimate their impact. We considered species at risk if they overlapped with regions where any of the four natural hazards historically occurred (n = 3,722). Those species with at least a quarter of their range subjected to a high relative impact were considered at high risk (n = 2,001) of extinction due to natural hazards. In total, 834 reptiles, 617 amphibians, 302 birds, and 248 mammals were at high risk and they were mainly distributed on islands and in the tropics. Hurricanes (n = 983) and earthquakes (n = 868) affected most species, while tsunamis (n = 272), and volcanoes (n = 171) affected considerably fewer. The region with the highest number of species at high risk was the Pacific Ring of Fire, especially due to volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, while hurricane-related high-risk species were concentrated in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and northwestern Pacific Ocean. Our study provides important information regarding the species at risk due to natural hazards and can help guide conservation attention and efforts to safeguard their survival.
- Published
- 2024
5. The interplay between defaunation and phylogenetic diversity affects leaf damage by natural enemies in tropical plants
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Emer, Carine, Villar, Nacho, Melo, Natália, Ziparro, Valesca B., Nazareth, Sergio, Galetti, Mauro, Emer, Carine, Villar, Nacho, Melo, Natália, Ziparro, Valesca B., Nazareth, Sergio, and Galetti, Mauro
- Abstract
Natural enemies play an important role in controlling plant population growth and vegetation dynamics. Tropical rainforests host the greatest diversity of herbivores, from large mammalian ungulates to microscopic pathogens, generating and maintaining plant diversity. By feeding on the same resources, large mammalian herbivores may interfere with plant consumption and leaf damage by important enemy guilds such as invertebrate herbivores and pathogens, triggering indirect trophic cascades. However, the impact of local extinctions of large herbivores on plant–enemy interactions is relatively unknown. We experimentally tested the effects of defaunation of large mammalian herbivores (e.g. peccaries, tapirs and brocket deer; hereafter, large herbivores) on the leaf damage of 3350 understorey plants in tropical rainforests of Brazil. We examined leaf damage in 10,050 leaves from 333 morphospecies by assigning the area consumed or damaged by five guilds of insect herbivores and leaf pathogens within 86 paired open-closed plots and investigating the joint effects of defaunation and plant phylogenetic diversity. Plants released from large herbivores had 9% less leaf damage; this difference was due to the lower leaf pathogens incidence (29%) rather than insect herbivory. Evolutionary distinctness was positively correlated with leaf damage in a similar way in all treatments, suggesting additive effects of defaunation and phylogenetic diversity. Total and pathogenic leaf damage (but not insect damage) decreased with plant richness across treatments, and large herbivores exclusion resulted in increased plant species richness. This suggests that large herbivores exclusion leads to a dilution of total and pathogens' leaf damage by increasing plant species richness. Our results suggest that indirect effects of large herbivores decrease the dilution potential of plant communities against pathogens and rather reinforce their top-down impact on vegetation, demonstrating a previously
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- 2024
6. Birds optimize fruit size consumed near their geographic range limits.
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Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Ruben, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pizo, Marco Aurélio, Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Roman A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, and Schleuning, Matthias
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- 2024
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7. Multiple aspects of alien species in pollination networks
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Emer, Carine
- Subjects
571.8 - Abstract
In a rapidly changing world, where many species are declining due to anthropogenic disturbance while others are invading disturbed habitats, understanding how alien species affect ecological processes is crucially important. In this thesis I use ecological networks as a tool to investigate how alien species integrate and affect pollination at the community level. First, I tested whether the invasion of an alien plant (Impatiens glandulifera) affects pollen transfer networks and found no significant change in network structure between invaded and uninvaded habitats. While more alien pollen was recorded on invaded sites only five plant species retained 91% of all balsam pollen on their stigmas. These results point towards the robustness of pollination networks to plant invasion. Second, I investigated intraspecific variability and specialization in pollen transport and pollen transfer networks; strong intraspecific variation was found for both plants and pollinators along with higher specialization found in pollen transport networks. And finally, I asked whether a species role in network structure differs between its native and alien ranges and whether the former can be used to predict the latter; no significant difference in species role between ranges was detected, and degree and closeness were highly predictable from native to alien habitat. These results suggest species roles conservatism in pollination networks, whereby a species role in a network is similar whether it occurs in the native or in the alien range of its distribution. I conclude that a holistic approach encompassing different spatial, temporal and biological scales is needed if the aim is to understand how alien species interact and affect pollination. I also highlight ecological networks as a powerful tool to understand anthropogenic effects at the community level and suggest that merging the expertise from different disciplines is needed if we are to truly understand the invasion process.
- Published
- 2015
8. How a network approach has advanced the field of plant invasion ecology.
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Emer, Carine, primary and Timóteo, Sérgio, additional
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- 2020
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9. Atlantic frugivory: a plant—frugivore interaction data set for the Atlantic Forest
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Bello, Carolina, Galetti, Mauro, Montan, Denise, Pizo, Marco A., Mariguela, Tatiane C., Culot, Laurence, Bufalo, Felipe, Labecca, Fabio, Pedrosa, Felipe, Constantini, Rafaela, Emer, Carine, Silva, Wesley R., da Silva, Fernanda R., Ovaskainen, Otso, and Jordano, Pedro
- Published
- 2017
10. Intraspecific variation of invaded pollination networks – the role of pollen-transport, pollen-transfer and different levels of biological organization
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Emer, Carine, primary and Memmott, Jane, additional
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- 2023
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11. Species roles in plant–pollinator communities are conserved across native and alien ranges
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Emer, Carine, Memmott, Jane, Vaughan, Ian P., Montoya, Daniel, and Tylianakis, Jason M.
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- 2016
12. Neotropical ornithology: Reckoning with historical assumptions, removing systemic barriers, and reimagining the future
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Soares, Letícia, primary, Cockle, Kristina L, additional, Ruelas Inzunza, Ernesto, additional, Ibarra, José Tomás, additional, Miño, Carolina Isabel, additional, Zuluaga, Santiago, additional, Bonaccorso, Elisa, additional, Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo, additional, Montaño-Centellas, Flavia A, additional, Freile, Juan F, additional, Echeverry-Galvis, María A, additional, Bonaparte, Eugenia Bianca, additional, Diele-Viegas, Luisa Maria, additional, Speziale, Karina, additional, Cabrera-Cruz, Sergio A, additional, Acevedo-Charry, Orlando, additional, Velarde, Enriqueta, additional, Cuatianquiz Lima, Cecilia, additional, Ojeda, Valeria S, additional, Fontana, Carla S, additional, Echeverri, Alejandra, additional, Lambertucci, Sergio A, additional, Macedo, Regina H, additional, Esquivel, Alberto, additional, Latta, Steven C, additional, Ruvalcaba-Ortega, Irene, additional, Alves, Maria Alice S, additional, Santiago-Alarcon, Diego, additional, Bodrati, Alejandro, additional, González-García, Fernando, additional, Fariña, Nestor, additional, Martínez-Gómez, Juan Esteban, additional, Ortega-Álvarez, Rubén, additional, Núñez Montellano, María Gabriela, additional, Ribas, Camila C, additional, Bosque, Carlos, additional, Di Giacomo, Adrián S, additional, Areta, Juan I, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Mugica Valdés, Lourdes, additional, González, Clementina, additional, Rebollo, María Emilia, additional, Mangini, Giselle, additional, Lara, Carlos, additional, Pizarro, José Cristóbal, additional, Cueto, Victor R, additional, Bolaños-Sittler, Pablo Rafael, additional, Ornelas, Juan Francisco, additional, Acosta, Martín, additional, Cenizo, Marcos, additional, Marini, Miguel Ângelo, additional, Vázquez-Reyes, Leopoldo D, additional, González-Oreja, José Antonio, additional, Bugoni, Leandro, additional, Quiroga, Martin, additional, Ferretti, Valentina, additional, Manica, Lilian T, additional, Grande, Juan M, additional, Rodríguez-Gómez, Flor, additional, Diaz, Soledad, additional, Büttner, Nicole, additional, Mentesana, Lucia, additional, Campos-Cerqueira, Marconi, additional, López, Fernando Gabriel, additional, Guaraldo, André C, additional, MacGregor-Fors, Ian, additional, Aguiar-Silva, Francisca Helena, additional, Miyaki, Cristina Y, additional, Ippi, Silvina, additional, Mérida, Emilse, additional, Kopuchian, Cecilia, additional, Cornelius, Cintia, additional, Enríquez, Paula L, additional, Ocampo-Peñuela, Natalia, additional, Renton, Katherine, additional, Salazar, Jhan C, additional, Sandoval, Luis, additional, Correa Sandoval, Jorge, additional, Astudillo, Pedro X, additional, Davis, Ancilleno O, additional, Cantero, Nicolás, additional, Ocampo, David, additional, Marin Gomez, Oscar Humberto, additional, Borges, Sérgio Henrique, additional, Cordoba-Cordoba, Sergio, additional, Pietrek, Alejandro G, additional, de Araújo, Carlos B, additional, Fernández, Guillermo, additional, de la Cueva, Horacio, additional, Guimarães Capurucho, João Marcos, additional, Gutiérrez-Ramos, Nicole A, additional, Ferreira, Ariane, additional, Costa, Lílian Mariana, additional, Soldatini, Cecilia, additional, Madden, Hannah M, additional, Santillán, Miguel Angel, additional, Jiménez-Uzcátegui, Gustavo, additional, Jordan, Emilio A, additional, Freitas, Guilherme Henrique Silva, additional, Pulgarin-R, Paulo C, additional, Almazán-Núñez, Roberto Carlos, additional, Altamirano, Tomás, additional, Gomez, Milka R, additional, Velazquez, Myriam C, additional, Irala, Rebeca, additional, Gandoy, Facundo A, additional, Trigueros, Andrea C, additional, Ferreyra, Carlos A, additional, Albores-Barajas, Yuri Vladimir, additional, Tellkamp, Markus, additional, Oliveira, Carine Dantas, additional, Weiler, Andrea, additional, Arizmendi, Ma del Coro, additional, Tossas, Adrianne G, additional, Zarza, Rebecca, additional, Serra, Gabriel, additional, Villegas-Patraca, Rafael, additional, Di Sallo, Facundo Gabriel, additional, Valentim, Cleiton, additional, Noriega, Jorge Ignacio, additional, Alayon García, Giraldo, additional, de la Peña, Martín R, additional, Fraga, Rosendo M, additional, and Martins, Pedro Vitor Ribeiro, additional
- Published
- 2023
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13. Cheating interactions favor modularity in mutualistic networks
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Camacho, Lucas A., primary, de Andreazzi, Cecilia Siliansky, additional, Medeiros, Lucas P., additional, Birskis‐Barros, Irina, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Reigada, Carolina, additional, and Guimarães, Paulo R., additional
- Published
- 2022
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14. Emergent properties of species-habitat networks in an insular forest landscape
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Palmeirim, Ana Filipa, Emer, Carine, Benchimol, Maíra, Storck-Tonon, Danielle, Bueno, Anderson S., and Peres, Carlos A.
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Deforestation and fragmentation are pervasive drivers of biodiversity loss, but how they scale up to entire landscapes remains poorly understood. Here, we apply species-habitat networks based on species co-occurrences to test the effects of insular fragmentation on multiple taxa—medium-large mammals, small nonvolant mammals, lizards, understory birds, frogs, dung beetles, orchid bees, and trees—across 22 forest islands and three continuous forest sites within a river-damming quasi-experimental landscape in Central Amazonia. Widespread, nonrandom local species extinctions were translated into highly nested networks of low connectance and modularity. Networks’ robustness considering the sequential removal of large-to-small sites was generally low; between 5% (dung beetles) and 50% (orchid bees) of species persisted when retaining only
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- 2022
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15. Effects of Dam-Induced Landscape Fragmentation on Amazonian Ant—Plant Mutualistic Networks
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EMER, CARINE, VENTICINQUE, EDUARDO MARTINS, and FONSECA, CARLOS ROBERTO
- Published
- 2013
16. Data and code: Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions
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University of Canterbury (New Zealand), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Earthwatch Institute, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, European Commission, Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Association de la Recherche Contre le Cancer (France), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Rufford Foundation, German Research Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Martins, Lucas P. [0000-0003-3249-1070], Martins, Lucas P. [martinslucas.p@gmail.com], Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, Correia, Marta, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Rubén H., Jordano, Pedro, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Sanz D’Angelo, Virginia, Schleuning, Matthias, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., Tylianakis, Jason M., University of Canterbury (New Zealand), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Earthwatch Institute, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, European Commission, Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Association de la Recherche Contre le Cancer (France), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Rufford Foundation, German Research Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Martins, Lucas P. [0000-0003-3249-1070], Martins, Lucas P. [martinslucas.p@gmail.com], Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, Correia, Marta, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Rubén H., Jordano, Pedro, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Sanz D’Angelo, Virginia, Schleuning, Matthias, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., and Tylianakis, Jason M.
- Abstract
Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale. However, ecological and biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread by demarcating the limits of ecological networks. We tested whether large-scale ecological boundaries (ecoregions and biomes) and human disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore networks, while accounting for background spatial and elevational gradients and differences in network sampling. We assessed network dissimilarity patterns over a broad spatial scale, using 196 quantitative avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1,496 plant and 1,004 bird species) distributed across 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, and 6 continents. We show that dissimilarities in species and interaction composition, but not network structure, are greater across ecoregion and biome boundaries and along different levels of human disturbance. Our findings indicate that biogeographic boundaries delineate the world’s biodiversity of interactions and likely contribute to mitigating the propagation of disturbances at large spatial scales.
- Published
- 2022
17. Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions
- Author
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University of Canterbury (New Zealand), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Earthwatch Institute, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Rufford Foundation, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), German Research Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, Correia, Marta, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Rubén H., Jordano, Pedro, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Sanz D’Angelo, Virginia, Schleuning, Matthias, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., Tylianakis, Jason M., University of Canterbury (New Zealand), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Earthwatch Institute, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Rufford Foundation, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), German Research Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, Correia, Marta, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Rubén H., Jordano, Pedro, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Sanz D’Angelo, Virginia, Schleuning, Matthias, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., and Tylianakis, Jason M.
- Abstract
Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale. However, ecological and biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread by demarcating the limits of ecological networks. We tested whether large-scale ecological boundaries (ecoregions and biomes) and human disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore networks, while accounting for background spatial and elevational gradients and differences in network sampling. We assessed network dissimilarity patterns over a broad spatial scale, using 196 quantitative avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1496 plant and 1004 bird species) distributed across 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, and 6 continents. We show that dissimilarities in species and interaction composition, but not network structure, are greater across ecoregion and biome boundaries and along different levels of human disturbance. Our findings indicate that biogeographic boundaries delineate the world’s biodiversity of interactions and likely contribute to mitigating the propagation of disturbances at large spatial scales.
- Published
- 2022
18. Ecological network complexity scales with area
- Author
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Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Région Midi-Pyrénées, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Galiana, Núria, Lurgi, Miguel, Bastazini, Vinicius A. G., Bosch, Jordi, Cagnolo, Luciano, Cazelles, Kevin, Claramunt-López, Bernat, Emer, Carine, Fortin, Marie-Josée, Grass, Ingo, Hernández-Castellano, Carlos, Jauker, Frank, Leroux, Shawn, McCann, Kevin, McLeod, Anne M., Montoya, Daniel, Mulder, Christian, Osorio-Canadas, Sergio, Reverté, Sara, Rodrigo, Anselm, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Traveset, Anna, Valverde, Sergi, Vázquez, Diego P., Wood, Spencer A., Gravel, Dominique, Roslin, Tomas, Thuiller, Wilfried, Montoya, José M., Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Région Midi-Pyrénées, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Galiana, Núria, Lurgi, Miguel, Bastazini, Vinicius A. G., Bosch, Jordi, Cagnolo, Luciano, Cazelles, Kevin, Claramunt-López, Bernat, Emer, Carine, Fortin, Marie-Josée, Grass, Ingo, Hernández-Castellano, Carlos, Jauker, Frank, Leroux, Shawn, McCann, Kevin, McLeod, Anne M., Montoya, Daniel, Mulder, Christian, Osorio-Canadas, Sergio, Reverté, Sara, Rodrigo, Anselm, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Traveset, Anna, Valverde, Sergi, Vázquez, Diego P., Wood, Spencer A., Gravel, Dominique, Roslin, Tomas, Thuiller, Wilfried, and Montoya, José M.
- Abstract
Larger geographical areas contain more species—an observation raised to a law in ecology. Less explored is whether biodiversity changes are accompanied by a modification of interaction networks. We use data from 32 spatial interaction networks from different ecosystems to analyse how network structure changes with area. We find that basic community structure descriptors (number of species, links and links per species) increase with area following a power law. Yet, the distribution of links per species varies little with area, indicating that the fundamental organization of interactions within networks is conserved. Our null model analyses suggest that the spatial scaling of network structure is determined by factors beyond species richness and the number of links. We demonstrate that biodiversity–area relationships can be extended from species counts to higher levels of network complexity. Therefore, the consequences of anthropogenic habitat destruction may extend from species loss to wider simplification of natural communities.
- Published
- 2022
19. Cheating interactions favor modularity in mutualistic networks.
- Author
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Camacho, Lucas A., de Andreazzi, Cecilia Siliansky, Medeiros, Lucas P., Birskis‐Barros, Irina, Emer, Carine, Reigada, Carolina, and Guimarães, Paulo R.
- Subjects
GROUP formation ,COEVOLUTION - Abstract
A fundamental fact about mutualisms is that these mutually beneficial interactions often harbor cheaters that benefit from the use of resources and services without providing any positive feedback to other species. The role of cheaters in the evolutionary dynamics of mutualisms has long been recognized, yet their broader impacts at the community level, beyond species they directly interact with, is still poorly understood. Because mutualisms form networks often involving dozens of species, indirect effects generated by cheaters may cascade through the whole community, reshaping trait evolution. Here, we study how cheating interactions can influence coevolution in mutualistic networks. We combined a coevolutionary model, empirical data on animal–plant mutualistic networks and numerical simulations to show that high trait disparity emerges as a consequence of the negative effect of cheaters on victim fitness, which in turn fuels selection favoring victim traits that are increasingly different from the cheaters' traits. Intermediate levels of cheating interactions in a network can lead to the formation of groups of species phenotypically similar to each other and distinct from species in other groups, generating clustered trait patterns. The resulting clustered trait pattern, in turn, changes the pattern of interaction in simulated networks, fostering the formation of modules of interacting species and reducing nestedness. Our results indicate that directional selection imposed by cheaters on their victims counteracts selection for trait convergence imposed by mutualists, leading to the emergence of modules of phenotypically similar interacting species but phenotypically distinct from other modules. Based on these results, we suggest that cheaters might be a fundamental missing element for our understanding of how multispecies selection shapes the trait distribution and structure of mutualistic networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Cheating interactions favor modularity in mutualistic networks
- Author
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Arantes Camacho, Lucas, primary, Siliansky de Andreazzi, Cecilia, additional, P Medeiros, Lucas, additional, B Barros, Irina, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Reigada, Carolina, additional, and Guimarães Jr, Paulo R, additional
- Published
- 2021
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21. A plant–pollinator metanetwork along a habitat fragmentation gradient
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Librán‐Embid, Felipe, primary, Grass, Ingo, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Ganuza, Cristina, additional, and Tscharntke, Teja, additional
- Published
- 2021
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22. Invasive alien plants in the Pampas grasslands: a tri-national cooperation challenge
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Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, Guadagnin, Demetrio Luis, Emer, Carine, Masciadri, Silvana, Germain, Paola, and Zalba, Sergio Martin
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- 2013
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23. Global and regional ecological boundaries drive abrupt changes in avian frugivory interactions
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Martins, Lucas P., primary, Stouffer, Daniel B., additional, Blendinger, Pedro G., additional, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, additional, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, additional, Correia, Marta, additional, Costa, José Miguel, additional, Dehling, D. Matthias, additional, Donatti, Camila I., additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Galetti, Mauro, additional, Heleno, Ruben, additional, Jordano, Pedro, additional, Menezes, Ícaro, additional, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, additional, Muñoz, Marcia C., additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Pizo, Marco Aurélio, additional, Quitián, Marta, additional, Ruggera, Roman A., additional, Saavedra, Francisco, additional, Santillán, Vinicio, additional, Schleuning, Matthias, additional, Pascoal da Silva, Luís, additional, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernanda, additional, Timóteo, Sérgio, additional, Traveset, Anna, additional, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., additional, and Tylianakis, Jason M., additional
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- 2021
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24. Deforestation Simplifies Understory Bird Seed-Dispersal Networks in Human-Modified Landscapes
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Menezes Pinto, Ícaro, primary, Emer, Carine, additional, Cazetta, Eliana, additional, and Morante-Filho, José Carlos, additional
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- 2021
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25. A plant–pollinator metanetwork along a habitat fragmentation gradient
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Librán‐Embid, Felipe, Grass, Ingo, Emer, Carine, Ganuza, Cristina, Tscharntke, Teja, Librán‐Embid, Felipe, Grass, Ingo, Emer, Carine, Ganuza, Cristina, and Tscharntke, Teja
- Abstract
To understand how plant–pollinator interactions respond to habitat fragmentation, we need novel approaches that can capture properties that emerge at broad scales, where multiple communities engage in metanetworks. Here we studied plant–pollinator interactions over 2 years on 29 calcareous grassland fragments selected along independent gradients of habitat size and surrounding landscape diversity of cover types. We associated network centrality of plant–pollinator interactions and grassland fragments with their ecological and landscape traits, respectively. Interactions involving habitat specialist plants and large-bodied pollinators were the most central, implying that species with these traits form the metanetwork core. Large fragments embedded in landscapes with high land cover diversity exhibited the highest centrality; however, small fragments harboured many unique interactions not found on larger fragments. Intensively managed landscapes have reached a point in which all remaining fragments matter, meaning that losing any further areas may vanish unique interactions with unknown consequences for ecosystem functioning.
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- 2021
26. Araucaria Forest conservation: mechanisms providing resistance to invasion by exotic timber trees
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Emer, Carine and Fonseca, Carlos Roberto
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- 2011
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27. Alien plants and flower visitors disrupt the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Arroyo-Correa, Blanca, Burkle, Laura A., Emer, Carine, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Arroyo-Correa, Blanca, Burkle, Laura A., and Emer, Carine
- Abstract
Alien species can drastically disrupt ecological processes such as those involving plant–pollinator interactions, performing central roles that may affect the structure of native pollination networks. However, most studies to date have focused on a single trophic level of alien species, evaluating either the impacts of an alien pollinator or an alien plant species, and have neglected their joint effects on the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks. Here, we aim to fill this gap by investigating how alien plant and flower visitor (here used as a proxy for pollinator) species structure temporal networks, and how these species affect the beta-diversity of interactions across a flowering season. Our study system is located in the South Island of New Zealand, where 68% of the sampled plant species and 14% of the flower visitor species that interact with them are alien. Alien flower visitor species exhibited higher interaction degree, specialization and strength than their native counterparts, while alien plant species showed the opposite pattern. We found that invader complexes (in which alien species interact significantly more with each other than with native species) were established across the season, and interactions involving alien plant species were the main connectors of the temporal networks. Both alien plant and flower visitor species increased total interaction turnover through the flowering season by promoting interaction rewiring in the case of alien plants and by increasing species turnover in the case of alien flower visitors. Synthesis. This study provides one of the first empirical reports of alien species shaping the seasonal dynamics of plant–flower visitor networks. We demonstrate that the presence of alien species may simultaneously lead to a homogenization of plant species composition and increase the diversity of plant–flower visitor interactions through a flowering season. Additionally, we highlight the importance of considering the role of di
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- 2020
28. Seed dispersal networks in tropical forest fragments: Area effects, remnant species, and interaction diversity
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Emer, Carine, Jordano, Pedro, Pizo, Marco A., Ribeiro, Milton C. Silva R., Fernanda da, Galetti, Mauro, Emer, Carine, Jordano, Pedro, Pizo, Marco A., Ribeiro, Milton C. Silva R., Fernanda da, and Galetti, Mauro
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Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be threatened by increasing habitat loss, defaunation, and fragmentation. However, generalist species, and their interactions, can benefit from the habitat change caused by human disturbance while more specialized interactions mostly disappear. Therefore, changes in the structure of the local, within fragment, networks can be expected. Here we investigated how the structure of seed dispersal networks changes along a gradient of increasing habitat fragmentation. We analyzed 16 bird seed dispersal assemblages from forest fragments of a biodiversity-rich ecosystem. We found significant species–, interaction–, and network–area relationships, yet the later was determined by the number of species remaining in each community. The number of frugivorous bird and plant species, their interactions, and the number of links per species decreases as area is lost in the fragmented landscape. In contrast, network nestedness has a negative relationship with fragment area, suggesting an increasing generalization of the network structure in the gradient of fragmentation. Network specialization was not significantly affected by area, indicating that some network properties may be invariant to disturbance. Still, the local extinction of partner species, paralleled by a loss of interactions and specialist–specialist bird–plant seed dispersal associations, suggests the functional homogenization of the system as area is lost. Our study provides empirical evidence for network–area relationships driven by the presence/absence of remnant species and the interactions they perform. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material., Interações de dispersão de sementes formam um processo ecológico chave em florestas tropicais onde colaboram na manutenção do funcionamento do ecossistema. Porém, esta funcionalidade pode estar ameaçada pelo aumento na perda e fragmentação do habitat. Enquanto espécies generalistas e suas interações podem se beneficiar da mudança de habitat causada por distúrbios antrópicos, interações envolvendo espécies mais especialistas são na maioria eliminadas. Desta forma, mudanças nas redes locais, dentro de fragmentos florestais, são esperadas. Neste trabalho nós investigamos como a estrutura de redes de dispersão de sementes mudam em um gradiente de fragmentação do habitat. Nós analisamos 16 assembleias de dispersão de sementes espacialmente explícitas e distribuídas em fragmentos florestais de um ecossistema rico em biodiversidade. Nós encontramos relações significativas entre área do fragmento e espécies, interações e estrutura das redes. O número de espécies de aves frugívoras, plantas e as interações entre eles diminui conforme a área dos fragmentos é perdida. Por outro lado, o aninhamento da rede mostrou uma relação negativa com a área do fragmento, sugerindo um aumento da generalização da estrutura das redes com a fragmentação do habitat. Modularidade e equitabilidade das interações não foram afetadas pela área. Concluímos que a escala especial em que as redes ecológicas estão imersas influencia alguns parâmetros estruturais das redes, mas não todos. Nosso estudo contribui com evidências empíricas para a relação entre área e redes; no entanto, a falta de mudanças significativas em alguns parâmetros das redes indica a persistência de alguns grupos funcionais ao longo da paisagem fragmentada.
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- 2020
29. Review for "Pollen transfer networks reveal alien species as main heterospecific pollen donors with fitness consequences for natives"
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Emer, Carine, primary
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- 2020
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30. Multilevel community assembly of the tadpole gut microbiome
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Correa, Decio T., primary, Rodriguez, David, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Saenz, Daniel, additional, Adams, Cory K., additional, Schiesari, Luis, additional, Matz, Mikhail, additional, and Leibold, Mathew A., additional
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- 2020
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31. Vulnerabilidade estrutural dos hospitais e cemitérios e crematórios da cidade de São Paulo à COVID-19
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Gaiarsa, Marilia Palumbo, primary, Marquitti, Flávia Maria D., additional, Lemos-Costa, Paula, additional, Burin, Gustavo, additional, Medeiros, Lucas P., additional, Velásquez, Viviana Márquez, additional, Santana, Pamela C., additional, Santana, Erika Marques, additional, Maia, Kate P., additional, Muniz, Danilo, additional, Cosmo, Leandro G., additional, Assis, Ana Paula A., additional, Birskis-Barros, Irina, additional, Cantor, Mauricio, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Andreazzi, Cecilia Siliansky de, additional, Pires, Mathias M., additional, Côrtes, Marina C., additional, Melo, Diogo, additional, Cruz, Wesley F. Dáttilo da, additional, Raimundo, Rafael Luís G., additional, Migon, Eduardo X. F. G., additional, and Guimarães Jr, Paulo R., additional
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- 2020
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32. Vulnerabilidade das microrregiões da Região Sul do Brasil à pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2)
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Emer, Carine, primary, Maia, Kate P, additional, Santana, Pamela C, additional, Santana, Erika M, additional, Silva, Danilo G M da, additional, Cosmo, Leandro G, additional, Assis, Ana P A, additional, Burin, Gustavo, additional, Cantor, Mauricio, additional, Lemos-Costa, Paula, additional, Velásquez, Viviane M, additional, Birskis-Barros, Irina, additional, Gaiarsa, Marília P, additional, Medeiros, Lucas P, additional, Marquitti, Flavia M D, additional, Côrtes, Marina C, additional, Dáttilo, Wesley F, additional, Andreazzi, Cecilia S, additional, Pires, Mathias M, additional, Melo, Diogo, additional, Migon, Eduardo X F G, additional, Raimundo, Rafael L G, additional, and Guimarães Jr, Paulo, additional
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- 2020
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33. Review for "The functional roles of species in metacommunities, as revealed by metanetwork analyses of bird–plant frugivory networks"
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Emer, Carine, primary
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- 2020
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34. Alien plants and flower visitors disrupt the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks
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Arroyo‐Correa, Blanca, primary, Burkle, Laura A., additional, and Emer, Carine, additional
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- 2020
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35. Humans are affecting the evolution of animals and plants
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Emer, Carine, primary
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- 2020
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36. Seed‐dispersal networks are more specialized in the Neotropics than in the Afrotropics
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Dugger, Phillip James, Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Chama, Lackson, Correia, Marta, Dehling, D. Matthias, Emer, Carine, Farwig, Nina, Fricke, Evan C., Galetti, Mauro, García, Daniel, Grass, Ingo, Heleno, Ruben, Jacomassa, Fábio André Facco, Moraes, Suelen, Moran, Catherine, Muñoz, Marcia Carolina, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Nowak, Larissa, Piratelli, Augusto, Pizo, Marco Aurelio, Quitián, Marta, Rogers, Haldre S., Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Sánchez, Mariano Sebastián, Sánchez, Rocío, Santillán, Vinicio, Schabo, Dana G., Ribeiro da Silva, Fernanda, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian GR, and Schleuning, Matthias
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Birds ,Mammals ,Neotropics ,Mutualism ,Seed dispersal ,Ecological networks ,Frugivory ,Macroecology ,Afrotropics - Abstract
Fil: Dugger, Phillip James. Universidad de Antioch Nueva Inglaterra. Departamento de Estudios Ambientales; Estados Unidos. Fil: Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Fil: Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Fil: Böhning-Gaese, Katrin. Instituto Senckenberg-Leibniz. Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Clima de Senckenberg (Frankfurt); Alemania. Fil: Böhning-Gaese, Katrin. Universidad Goethe. Instituto de Ecología, Diversidad y Evolución; Alemania. Fil: Chama, Lackson. Universidad de Copperbelt. Escuela de Recursos Naturales. Departamento de Zoología y Ciencias Acuáticas; Zambia. Fil: Correia, Marta. Universidad de Coímbra. Centro de Ecología Funcional. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida; Portugal. Fil: Dehling, D. Matthias. Universidad de Canterbury. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Centro de Ecología Integrativa; Nueva Zelanda. Fil: Emer, Carine. Universidad Estatal Paulista. Instituto de Biociencias. Departamento de Ecología; Brasil. Fil: Farwig, Nina. Universidad de Marburgo. Facultad de Biología; Alemania. Fil: Fricke, Evan C. Universidad Estatal de Iowa. Departamento de Ecología, Evolución y Biología Organismal; Estados Unidos. Fil: Galetti, Mauro. Universidad Estatal Paulista. Instituto de Biociencias. Departamento de Ecología; Brasil. Fil: García, Daniel. Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; España. Fil: García, Daniel. Universidad de Oviedo. Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad; España. Fil: García, Daniel. Principado de Asturias (España). Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad; España. Fil: Grass, Ingo. Universidad de Göttingen. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias de los Cultivos; Alemania. Fil: Heleno, Ruben. Universidad de Coímbra. Centro de Ecología Funcional. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida; Portugal. Fil: Jacomassa, Fábio André Facco. Universidad Estatal Paulista, Departamento de Zoología; Brasil. Fil: Jacomassa, Fábio André Facco. Universidad Estatal do Centro Oeste. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Programa de Pos‐Graduación en Biología Evolutiva; Brasil. Aim: Biogeographical comparisons of interaction networks help to elucidate diffeences in ecological communities and ecosystem functioning at large scales. Neotropical ecosystems have higher diversity and a different composition of frugivores and fleshy‐fruited plants compared with Afrotropical systems, but a lack of intercontinental comparisons limits understanding of (a) whether plant–frugivore networks are structured in a similar manner, and (b) whether the same species traits define the roles of animals across continents. Location: Afrotropics and Neotropics. Time period: 1977–2015. Taxa: Fleshy‐fruited plants and frugivorous vertebrates. Methods: We compiled a dataset comprising 17 Afrotropical and 48 Neotropical weighted seed‐dispersal networks quantifying frugivory interactions between 1,091 fleshy‐fruited plant and 665 animal species, comprising in total 8,251 interaction links between plants and animals. In addition, we compiled information on the body mass of animals and their degree of frugivory. We compared four standard network level metrics related to interaction diversity and specialization, accounting for differences related to sampling effort and network location. Furthermore, we tested whether animal traits (body mass, degree of frugivory) differed between continents, whether these traits were related to the network roles of species and whether these relation ships varied between continents. Results: We found significant structural differences in networks between continents. Overall, Neotropical networkswere less nested and more specialized tan Afrotropical networks. At the species level, a higher body mass and degree of frugivory were as sociated with an increasing diversity of plant partners. Specialization of frugivores increased with the degree of frugivory, but only in the Neotropics. Main conclusions: Our findings show that Afrotropical networks have a greater overlap in plant partners among vertebrate frugivores than the more diverse networks in the Neotropics that are characterized by a greater niche partitioning. Hence, the loss of frugivore species could have stronger impacts on ecosystem functioning in the more specialized Neotropical communities compared with the more generalized Afrotropical communities.
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- 2019
37. Alien plant and pollinator species configure the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks - Complete dataset
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Arroyo-Correa, Blanca, Burkle, Laura A., Emer, Carine, Arroyo-Correa, Blanca, Burkle, Laura A., and Emer, Carine
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Dataset associated to the manuscript "Alien plant and pollinator species configure the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks" (Arroyo-Correa et al. 2019)
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- 2019
38. Alien plants and flower visitors disrupt the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks - Dataset
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Arroyo-Correa, Blanca, Burkle, Laura A., Emer, Carine, Arroyo-Correa, Blanca, Burkle, Laura A., and Emer, Carine
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Dataset associated with the manuscript "Alien plants and flower visitors disrupt the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks" (Arroyo-Correa et al. 2019)
- Published
- 2019
39. Seed-dispersal networks are more specialized in the Neotropics than in the Afrotropics
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Center for Tropical Studies and Conservation (US), Robert Bosch Foundation, German Research Foundation, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Colciencias (Colombia), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Dugger, Phillip J., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Chama, Lackson, Correia, Marta, Dehling, D. Matthias, Emer, Carine, Farwig, Nina, Fricke, Evan C., Galetti, Mauro, García, Daniel, Grass, Ingo, Heleno, Rubén H., Jacomassa, Fábio A. F., Moraes, Suelen, Moran, Catherine, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Nowak, Larissa, Piratelli, Augusto, Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Rogers, Haldre S., Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Sánchez, Mariano S., Sánchez, Rocío, Santillán, Vinicio, Schabo, Dana G., Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., Schleuning, Matthias, Center for Tropical Studies and Conservation (US), Robert Bosch Foundation, German Research Foundation, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Colciencias (Colombia), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Dugger, Phillip J., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Chama, Lackson, Correia, Marta, Dehling, D. Matthias, Emer, Carine, Farwig, Nina, Fricke, Evan C., Galetti, Mauro, García, Daniel, Grass, Ingo, Heleno, Rubén H., Jacomassa, Fábio A. F., Moraes, Suelen, Moran, Catherine, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Nowak, Larissa, Piratelli, Augusto, Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Rogers, Haldre S., Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Sánchez, Mariano S., Sánchez, Rocío, Santillán, Vinicio, Schabo, Dana G., Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., and Schleuning, Matthias
- Abstract
[Aim] Biogeographical comparisons of interaction networks help to elucidate differences in ecological communities and ecosystem functioning at large scales. Neotropical ecosystems have higher diversity and a different composition of frugivores and fleshy-fruited plants compared with Afrotropical systems, but a lack of intercontinental comparisons limits understanding of (a) whether plant–frugivore networks are structured in a similar manner, and (b) whether the same species traits define the roles of animals across continents., [Location] Afrotropics and Neotropics., [Time period] 1977-2015., [Taxa] Fleshy-fruited plants and frugivorous vertebrates., [Methods] We compiled a dataset comprising 17 Afrotropical and 48 Neotropical weighted seed-dispersal networks quantifying frugivory interactions between 1,091 fleshy-fruited plant and 665 animal species, comprising in total 8,251 interaction links between plants and animals. In addition, we compiled information on the body mass of animals and their degree of frugivory. We compared four standard network-level metrics related to interaction diversity and specialization, accounting for differences related to sampling effort and network location. Furthermore, we tested whether animal traits (body mass, degree of frugivory) differed between continents, whether these traits were related to the network roles of species and whether these relationships varied between continents., [Results] We found significant structural differences in networks between continents. Overall, Neotropical networks were less nested and more specialized than Afrotropical networks. At the species level, a higher body mass and degree of frugivory were associated with an increasing diversity of plant partners. Specialization of frugivores increased with the degree of frugivory, but only in the Neotropics., [Main conclusions] Our findings show that Afrotropical networks have a greater overlap in plant partners among vertebrate frugivores than the more diverse networks in the Neotropics that are characterized by a greater niche partitioning. Hence, the loss of frugivore species could have stronger impacts on ecosystem functioning in the more specialized Neotropical communities compared with the more generalized Afrotropical communities.
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- 2019
40. Defaunation precipitates the extinction of evolutionarily distinct interactions in the Anthropocene
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Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Pizo, M.A., Jordano, Pedro, Verdú, Miguel, Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Pizo, M.A., Jordano, Pedro, and Verdú, Miguel
- Abstract
Species on Earth are interconnected with each other through ecological interactions. Defaunation can Erode those connections, yet we lack evolutionary predictions about the consequences of losing interactions in human-modified ecosystems. We quantified the fate of the evolutionary history of avian–seed dispersal interactions across tropical forest fragments by combining the evolutionary distinctness of the pairwise-partner species, a proxy to their unique functional features. Both large-seeded plant and large-bodied bird species showed the highest evolutionary distinctness. We estimate a loss of 3.5 to 4.7 × 10 million years of cumulative evolutionary history of interactions due to defaunation. Bird-driven local extinctions mainly Erode the most evolutionarily distinct interactions. However, the persistence of less evolutionarily distinct bird species in defaunated areas exerts a phylogenetic rescue effect through seed dispersal of evolutionarily distinct plant species.
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- 2019
41. Defaunation impacts on the carbon balance of tropical forests.
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Brodie, Jedediah F., Bello, Carolina, Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Luskin, Matthew S., Osuri, Anand, Peres, Carlos A., Stoll, Annina, Villar, Nacho, and López, Ana‐Benítez
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- *
CLIMATE change adaptation , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *RAIN forests , *TROPICAL forests , *CLIMATE change , *CARBON cycle - Abstract
The urgent need to mitigate and adapt to climate change necessitates a comprehensive understanding of carbon cycling dynamics. Traditionally, global carbon cycle models have focused on vegetation, but recent research suggests that animals can play a significant role in carbon dynamics under some circumstances, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of nature‐based solutions to mitigate climate change. However, links between animals, plants, and carbon remain unclear. We explored the complex interactions between defaunation and ecosystem carbon in Earth's most biodiverse and carbon‐rich biome, tropical rainforests. Defaunation can change patterns of seed dispersal, granivory, and herbivory in ways that alter tree species composition and, therefore, forest carbon above‐ and belowground. Most studies we reviewed show that defaunation reduces carbon storage 0−26% in the Neo‐ and Afrotropics, primarily via population declines in large‐seeded, animal‐dispersed trees. However, Asian forests are not predicted to experience changes because their high‐carbon trees are wind dispersed. Extrapolating these local effects to entire ecosystems implies losses of ∼1.6 Pg CO2 equivalent across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and 4−9.2 Pg across the Amazon over 100 years and of ∼14.7−26.3 Pg across the Congo basin over 250 years. In addition to being hard to quantify with precision, the effects of defaunation on ecosystem carbon are highly context dependent; outcomes varied based on the balance between antagonist and mutualist species interactions, abiotic conditions, human pressure, and numerous other factors. A combination of experiments, large‐scale comparative studies, and mechanistic models could help disentangle the effects of defaunation from other anthropogenic forces in the face of the incredible complexity of tropical forest systems. Overall, our synthesis emphasizes the importance of—and inconsistent results when—integrating animal dynamics into carbon cycle models, which is crucial for developing climate change mitigation strategies and effective policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Seed dispersal networks in tropical forest fragments: Area effects, remnant species, and interaction diversity
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Emer, Carine, primary, Jordano, Pedro, additional, Pizo, Marco A., additional, Ribeiro, Milton C., additional, Silva, Fernanda R., additional, and Galetti, Mauro, additional
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- 2019
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43. Review for "The functional roles of species in metacommunities, as revealed by metanetwork analyses of bird–plant frugivory networks"
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Emer, Carine, primary
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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44. Defaunation precipitates the extinction of evolutionarily distinct interactions in the Anthropocene
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Emer, Carine, primary, Galetti, Mauro, additional, Pizo, Marco A., additional, Jordano, Pedro, additional, and Verdú, Miguel, additional
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- 2019
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45. Front Cover
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Dugger, Phillip J., primary, Blendinger, Pedro G., additional, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, additional, Chama, Lackson, additional, Correia, Marta, additional, Dehling, D. Matthias, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Farwig, Nina, additional, Fricke, Evan C., additional, Galetti, Mauro, additional, García, Daniel, additional, Grass, Ingo, additional, Heleno, Ruben, additional, Jacomassa, Fábio A. F., additional, Moraes, Suelen, additional, Moran, Catherine, additional, Muñoz, Marcia C., additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Nowak, Larissa, additional, Piratelli, Augusto, additional, Pizo, Marco A., additional, Quitián, Marta, additional, Rogers, Haldre S., additional, Ruggera, Román A., additional, Saavedra, Francisco, additional, Sánchez, Mariano S., additional, Sánchez, Rocío, additional, Santillán, Vinicio, additional, Schabo, Dana G., additional, da Silva, Fernanda Ribeiro, additional, Timóteo, Sérgio, additional, Traveset, Anna, additional, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., additional, and Schleuning, Matthias, additional
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- 2019
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46. Seed-dispersal interactions in fragmented landscapes – a metanetwork approach
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Pizo, Marco A., Guimarães, Paulo R., Moraes, Suelen, Piratelli, Augusto, Jordano, Pedro, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Pizo, Marco A., Guimarães, Paulo R., Moraes, Suelen, Piratelli, Augusto, and Jordano, Pedro
- Abstract
Mutualistic interactions repeatedly preserved across fragmented landscapes can scale-up to form a spatial metanetwork describing the distribution of interactions across patches. We explored the structure of a bird seed-dispersal (BSD) metanetwork in 16 Neotropical forest fragments to test whether a distinct subset of BSD-interactions may mediate landscape functional connectivity. The metanetwork is interaction-rich, modular and poorly connected, showing high beta-diversity and turnover of species and interactions. Interactions involving large-sized species were lost in fragments < 10 000 ha, indicating a strong filtering by habitat fragmentation on the functional diversity of BSD-interactions. Persistent interactions were performed by small-seeded, fast growing plant species and by generalist, small-bodied bird species able to cross the fragmented landscape. This reduced subset of interactions forms the metanetwork components persisting to defaunation and fragmentation, and may generate long-term deficits of carbon storage while delaying forest regeneration at the landscape level.
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- 2018
47. Atlantic frugivory: a plant-frugivore interaction data set for the Atlantic Forest
- Author
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Bello, Carolina [UNESP], Galetti, Mauro [UNESP], Montan, Denise [UNESP], Pizo, Marco A. [UNESP], Mariguela, Tatiane C. [UNESP], Culot, Laurence [UNESP], Bufalo, Felipe [UNESP], Labecca, Fabio [UNESP], Pedrosa, Felipe [UNESP], Constantini, Rafaela [UNESP], Emer, Carine [UNESP], Silva, Wesley R., Silva, Fernanda R. da, Ovaskainen, Otso, Jordano, Pedro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Univ Helsinki, Aarhus Univ, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, and EBD CSIC
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fruit traits ,mutualism ,Atlantic Forest ,frugivores ,network ,plant-animal interaction ,frugivory ,seed dispersal - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T20:00:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 The data set provided here includes 8,320 frugivory interactions (records of pairwise interactions between plant and frugivore species) reported for the Atlantic Forest. The data set includes interactions between 331 vertebrate species (232 birds, 90 mammals, 5 fishes, 1 amphibian, and 3 reptiles) and 788 plant species. We also present information on traits directly related to the frugivory process (endozoochory), such as the size of fruits and seeds and the body mass and gape size of frugivores. Data were extracted from 166 published and unpublished sources spanning from 1961 to 2016. While this is probably the most comprehensive data set available for a tropical ecosystem, it is arguably taxonomically and geographically biased. The plant families better represented are Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae, and Solanaceae. Myrsine coriacea, Alchornea glandulosa, Cecropia pachystachya, and Trema micrantha are the plant species with the most animal dispersers (83, 76, 76, and 74 species, respectively). Among the animal taxa, the highest number of interactions is reported for birds (3,883) followed by mammals (1,315). The woolly spider monkey or muriqui, Brachyteles arachnoides, and Rufous-bellied Thrush, Turdus rufiventris, are the frugivores with the most diverse fruit diets (137 and 121 plants species, respectively). The most important general patterns that we note are that larger seeded plant species (>12 mm) are mainly eaten by terrestrial mammals (rodents, ungulates, primates, and carnivores) and that birds are the main consumers of fruits with a high concentration of lipids. Our data set is geographically biased, with most interactions recorded for the southeast Atlantic Forest. Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, POB 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci Ecoinformat & Biodivers, Ny Munkegade 116,Bldg 1540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, BR-13083862 Campinas, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Biol Vegeta, BR-13083862 Campinas, Brazil Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway EBD CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Integrat Ecol Grp, Ave Amer Vespucio 26, Seville 41092, Spain Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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- 2017
48. Seed‐dispersal networks are more specialized in the Neotropics than in the Afrotropics
- Author
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Dugger, Phillip J., primary, Blendinger, Pedro G., additional, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, additional, Chama, Lackson, additional, Correia, Marta, additional, Dehling, D. Matthias, additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Farwig, Nina, additional, Fricke, Evan C., additional, Galetti, Mauro, additional, García, Daniel, additional, Grass, Ingo, additional, Heleno, Ruben, additional, Jacomassa, Fábio A. F., additional, Moraes, Suelen, additional, Moran, Catherine, additional, Muñoz, Marcia C., additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Nowak, Larissa, additional, Piratelli, Augusto, additional, Pizo, Marco A., additional, Quitián, Marta, additional, Rogers, Haldre S., additional, Ruggera, Román A., additional, Saavedra, Francisco, additional, Sánchez, Mariano S., additional, Sánchez, Rocío, additional, Santillán, Vinicio, additional, Schabo, Dana G., additional, da Silva, Fernanda Ribeiro, additional, Timóteo, Sérgio, additional, Traveset, Anna, additional, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., additional, and Schleuning, Matthias, additional
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- 2018
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49. Seed‐dispersal interactions in fragmented landscapes – a metanetwork approach
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Emer, Carine, primary, Galetti, Mauro, additional, Pizo, Marco A., additional, Guimarães, Paulo R., additional, Moraes, Suelen, additional, Piratelli, Augusto, additional, and Jordano, Pedro, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. CONSEQUÊNCIAS DO EFEITO DE BORDA NA COLONIZAÇÃO DO EPIFILO EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL
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Santos, Michele Matos dos, primary, Nunes, Jessika Da Silva, additional, and Emer, Carine, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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