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A large number of massive repair machines are urgently necessary for a post-disaster rescue. These machines also need to be operated by professionals, and the demands require the participation of different industries in the whole society since they cannot be met via the national emergency resource storage system. Therefore, the support of extensive emergency resources from different industries across the entire society is needed in the rescue process, that is, social emergency resource sharing. To achieve this sharing, an emergency resource scheduling model should have the ability to allocate resources from the whole society. However, traditional emergency scheduling models have not considered the suppliers' willingness to take part in the scheduling activities and their abilities to supply the resources. To solve the above issues, this paper designs a scheduling model for social emergency resource sharing based on an emergency contribution index (SSERS). The emergency contribution index (ECI) can be used to find the enterprises that not only have the ability to provide efficient emergency resources on time but also have the willingness to participate in emergency rescue. The results show that our model effectively optimizes the basic models to some extent and achieves social emergency resource sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organized system of emergency resources with the participation of social subjects features a network, which puts forward new requirements for mobilization policies for public health emergencies. Considering the "mobilization–participation" action of the relationship between the government and social resource subjects and revealing the mechanism of governance measures represent the foundation of developing effective mobilization strategies. To analyze the behavior of subjects in an emergency resource network, this study proposes a framework for the emergency actions of government and social resource subjects, as well as clarifies the functions of relational mechanisms and interorganizational learning in decision making. The game model and its rules of evolution in the network were developed by considering the interventions of rewards and penalties. An emergency resource network was constructed on the basis of a response to the COVID-19 epidemic in a city in China, and a simulation of the "mobilization–participation" game was designed and conducted. We propose a path to promote emergency resource actions by analyzing the initial situations and the interventions' effects. This article suggests that guiding and improving the initial selection of subjects under a certain reward system would be an effective path to facilitate resource support actions during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organized system of emergency resources with the participation of social subjects features a network, which puts forward new requirements for mobilization policies for public health emergencies. Considering the “mobilization–participation” action of the relationship between the government and social resource subjects and revealing the mechanism of governance measures represent the foundation of developing effective mobilization strategies. To analyze the behavior of subjects in an emergency resource network, this study proposes a framework for the emergency actions of government and social resource subjects, as well as clarifies the functions of relational mechanisms and interorganizational learning in decision making. The game model and its rules of evolution in the network were developed by considering the interventions of rewards and penalties. An emergency resource network was constructed on the basis of a response to the COVID-19 epidemic in a city in China, and a simulation of the “mobilization–participation” game was designed and conducted. We propose a path to promote emergency resource actions by analyzing the initial situations and the interventions’ effects. This article suggests that guiding and improving the initial selection of subjects under a certain reward system would be an effective path to facilitate resource support actions during public health emergencies.

Flood disasters threaten urban sustainability, requiring community involvement and resource allocation. However, research on the link between emergency resource accessibility and residents' participation willingness in flood response is lacking. To fill this gap, we surveyed 1351 respondents in Zhengzhou and used the Community Capitals Framework to explore their nonlinear associations. Results show that: 1) Perceived accessibility of emergency resources, especially for rescue forces and medical facilities, typically has a more significant impact on residents' participation willingness in flood response compared to objectively measured accessibility, which includes communication facilities, emergency administration forces, and fire station. 2) Emergency resource accessibility, both perceived and objectively measured, displays nonlinear correlations with residents' participation willingness, with objective measures revealing more pronounced patterns such as (inverted) U-shapes or approximate linearity. 3) Spatial analysis indicates that in less affected flood areas, perceived and objective emergency resource accessibility strongly boost residents' willingness to participate, while in heavily affected areas, perceived accessibility exerts a prominent inhibitory impact. This study contributes to revealing the intricate, nonlinear link between emergency resource accessibility and residents' participation willingness in flood response, underscoring the importance of tailored flood strategies addressing both subjective perceptions and objective resource allocations for bolstering urban resilience. • Examined the intricate link between the accessibility of emergency resources and residents' participation willingness in flood response. • Revealed varied patterns, like (inverted) U-shapes, in how residents' willingness to participate correlates with both perceived and measured emergency resource accessibility. • In less affected flood areas, resource accessibility boosts willingness; in heavily affected areas, perceived accessibility hampers participation. • Flood strategies must address both subjective perceptions and objective resource allocations to enhance urban resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, several forecasting methods have been proposed so as to aid in selecting from all optimal alternatives in the demand of emergency resources. Academic research in the field of emergency management has increasingly focused on artificial intelligence. However, more attention has been paid to attempts at simulating the human brain, with little focus on addressing intelligent information processing techniques based on machine learning, big data and smart devices. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review is presented in order to classify and interpret current research on demand forecasting methodologies and applications. A total of 1235 academic papers from 1980 to 2018 in the SpringerLink and Elsevier ScienceDirect databases are categorized as follows: time series analysis, case-based reasoning (CBR), mathematical models, information technology, literature reviews, and discussion and analysis. Application areas from business source premier include papers on the topics of emergency management, decision-making, decision relief, logistics, fuzzy sets and other topics. Academic publications are classified by (1) year of publication, (2) journal of publication, (3) database source, (4) methodology and (5) research discipline. The results of this literature review show that, despite forecasting methods such as ARIMA, CBR and mathematical models appearing to play a pivotal role in promoting prediction performance, there is a need to explore more real-time forecasting approaches based on intelligent information processing techniques so as to achieve appropriate dynamic demand prediction that is adaptable to emergency and rescue situations. The intention for this paper is to be a useful reference point for those with research needs in forecasting methodologies and the applications of emergency resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During an emergency response after an accident, emergency actions often require certain emergency resources. The adequate use, or the lack thereof, of emergency resources will affect the efficiency and even the success of emergency response activities or processes. Different emergency actions form certain relationships on using emergency resources. The cooperation modes of emergency actions on using resources are analyzed in this paper, and Petri-net models for these cooperation modes are provided. On this basis, an approach to detect emergency action conflicts resulting from resource-use is proposed. For conflicts caused by limited resources sharing, the queuing system which is modeled by a Petri-net and integrated into the model of emergency actions, is adopted to avoid conflicts. An example of an emergency response activity related with a fire accident is used to demonstrate the modeling method. The conflicts are analyzed and a queuing system is used to avoid simultaneously employing the same resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the reliability of emergency resource dispatch for oil and gas long-distance pipeline accidents, it should be ensured to have the shortest starting time for rescue activity and the minimum emergency rescue stations. The optimizing combination problem of emergency resource dispatching is researched in this article, under transport-power constraint condition of rescue stations and continuous consumption condition of emergency resource. Considering the transport-power as a new constraint condition, the continuous consumption emergency resource dispatching model was established and the corresponding recursive algorithm for that model was gained. Further, the rationality of the model and the validity of the algorithm were proved by numerical simulation of an example. The results show that, compared with the plan without consideration of transport-power constraint condition, the emergency resource dispatching plan under transport-power constraint condition contains more emergency rescue stations, but it is more consistent with the real practice. The solution of this work could be used to work out emergency resource dispatching scheme accurately and reliably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]