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1. Simulation of anyonic statistics and its topological path independence using a seven-qubit quantum simulator

Author

Annie Jihyun Park, Emma McKay, Dawei Lu, and Raymond Laflamme

Subjects
topological quantum computing, quantum simulation, anyons, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Anyons, quasiparticles living in two-dimensional spaces with exotic exchange statistics, can serve as the fundamental units for fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, experimentally demonstrating anyonic statistics is a challenge due to the technical limitations of current experimental platforms. Here, we take a state perpetration approach to mimic anyons in the toric code using a seven-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum simulator. Anyons are created by dynamically preparing the ground and excited states of a seven-qubit planar version of the toric code, and are subsequently braided along two distinct, but topologically equivalent paths. We observe that the phase acquired by the anyons is independent of the path, and coincides with the ideal theoretical predictions when decoherence and implementation errors are taken into account. As the first demonstration of the topological path independence of anyons, our experiment helps to study and exploit the anyonic properties towards the goal of building a topological quantum computer.

Published
2016
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2. Luddism, Isolation and Education

Author

Emma McKay

Subjects
Power (social and political), Inequality, Isolation (health care), Information and Communications Technology, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Computer security, computer.software_genre, computer, media_common, Term (time)
Abstract

As the pandemic descended, even educators who resisted e-learning were forced to move their classes online. Undoubtedly, access to advanced communications technology has made all of this more bearable. Yet there are problems with technology. Some have more access than others, which further entrenches inequality in education. Surveillance provides only more power to the powerful. Luddism has for a long time offered a way to resist the unequal powers of technology through resisting the use of specifically those technologies which further inequality. Here, I offer a framework for Luddism that can be applied in the long term by educators and anyone else who seeks to build power in community.

Published
2020
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3. Dis-origined Materials: The Role and Invisibilization of Extraction in Technoscience

Author

Emma McKay

Subjects
bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Arts and Humanities, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Science and Technology Studies, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Science and Technology Studies, bepress|Arts and Humanities
Abstract

In new materialist STS, researchers recognize and investigate the liveliness, agency, and ongoing historicity of matter in the lab. Through the work of extraction studies, we know that much of this matter is violently pulled from the ground—the metals in electronic devices, for instance, were cut out of the earth. Previous work in new materialist STS has critiqued the construction of the ‘object’ as obscuring how things work and are made, yet the role of extraction in things has gone largely unacknowledged. In this paper, I argue that extraction is a core element of contemporary technoscience. I define the term dis-origining to analytically describe the way that objects are made to seem as if they come from nowhere, within and far beyond the STS literature, comparing this term with related concepts including Haraway’s (1988) god-trick and Marx’s commodity fetish. Seeing extraction in the world around us and naming the ways that socio-ecologies have been invisibilized may help us address the immense violences wrought in making contemporary technosciences.

Published
2021

6. Do inflammasomes play a role in controlling cell damage/injury (ARDS) in order to initiate the cascade of healing and tissue repair?

Author

Jenny May-Sim Lau, Emma McKay, Joseph Curran, Tara Bertholon, Anna Krasnodembskaya, Rebecca Ingram, Denise Fitzgerald, Cecilia O’Kane, and Yvonne Dombrowski

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to various stimuli. Activated inflammasomes process pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into bioactive forms. inflammasome-derived IL-1β initiates epithelial cell and fibroblast proliferation. Thus, inflammasomes might also be decisive key drivers through activating and recruiting cells required for efficient tissue repair. However, their exact function in lung tissue damage and repair are unclear. C57BL/6, NLRP3−/− and Caspase1/11−/− mice were treated with 40μg LPS by intratracheal instillation to induce lung injury. Lungs and BALF were collected for histological scoring, cytokine analysis and inflammasome marker expression by IHC, immunoblotting and ELISA. The Lung injury score of LPS treated mice was increased on day 1 and 3 but reverted to nearly normal on day 7. NLRP3 deficiency did not alter lung damage indicating that the NLRP3 inflammasome might not be an essential mediator of injury in this model. LPS induced lung epithelial type 2 cell damage was shown by decreased Pro-SPC expression, which was associated with increased expression of inflammasome markers (ASC, NLRC4, and NLRP3) and pro-IL-1β. Immune cells and more specifically CD68+ macrophages and Ly6G/C+ neutrophils were the predominant cell types expressing inflammasome markers. Caspase1/11−/− mice had reduced IL-1β levels in BALF compared to LPS-treated C57BL/6 mice indicating a potential role of inflammasomes in response to tissue damage. However, both NLRP3−/− and caspase1/11−/− mice had no significant change in CXCL1/KC levels in BALF compared to C57BL/6 mice on Day 3 and 7 of the acute lung injury model. Further investigations will reveal the impact of inflammasome activity on tissue repair.

Published
2020
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7. Fluctuations of work cost in optimal generation of correlations

Author

Eduardo Martín-Martínez, Nayeli A. Rodríguez-Briones, and Emma McKay

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture, Statistical physics, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Quantum, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

We study the impact of work cost fluctuations on optimal protocols for the creation of correlations in quantum systems. We analyze several notions of work fluctuations to show that even in the simplest case of two free qubits, protocols that are optimal in their work cost (such as the one developed by Huber et al. [NJP 17, 065008 (2015)]) suffer work cost fluctuations that can be much larger than the work cost. We discuss the implications of this fact in the application of such protocols and suggest that, depending on the implementation, protocols that are sub-optimal in their work cost could beat optimal protocols in some scenarios. This highlights the importance of assessing the dynamics of work fluctuations in quantum thermodynamic protocols., 12 pages, 5 figures. RevTeX 4.1. V2: Updated with latest content and also match published version

Published
2018

8. Finite sizes and smooth cutoffs in superconducting circuits

Author

Emma McKay, Adrian Lupascu, and Eduardo Martín-Martínez

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Quantum Physics, Superconducting circuits, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, Transmission line, Qubit, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Cutoff, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

We investigate the validity of two common assumptions in the modelling of superconducting circuits: first, that the superconducting qubits are pointlike, and second, that the UV behaviour of the transmission line is not relevant to the qubit dynamics. We show that in the experimentally accessible ultra-strong coupling regime and for short (but attainable) times, the use of an inaccurate cutoff model (such as sharp, or none at all) could introduce very significant inaccuracies in the model's predictions., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. RevTeX 4.1

Published
2017
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9. Early postoperative complications have long-term impact on quality of life after restorative proctocolectomy

Author

Jonathan Williman, Yun Lee, Andrew McCombie, Emma McKay, Richard B. Gearry, Frank A. Frizelle, Tim Eglinton, and Rutvik Vanamala

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, complications, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, Observational Study, Anastomosis, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Quality of life, medicine, Humans, In patient, Retrospective Studies, Proctocolectomy, business.industry, General surgery, Proctocolectomy, Restorative, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, restorative proctocolectomy, Middle Aged, Term (time), Cross-Sectional Studies, quality of life, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Self Report, business, Cohort study, Research Article
Abstract

Introduction Early postoperative complications graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system have not previously been correlated with long-term quality of life outcomes in patients who have had restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. This study aimed to assess the severity of early postoperative complications and compared these in terms of the long-term quality of life after restorative proctocolectomy in a population-based cohort of patients (operated on from 1984 to 2013). It was hypothesized that those who experienced grade 3 or 4 Clavien–Dindo complications would have worse quality of life at follow-up. Methods This population-based study used a combination of a retrospective note review and a cross-sectional questionnaire. All patients with a restorative proctocolectomy performed in 1984–2013 in the Canterbury region were recruited using multiple sources. Early (≤30 days) and late (>30 days) complication rates were obtained via patient records. Early postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Quality of life was measured using the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire. Results One hundred and thirty-six people were identified with a median follow-up of 12 years. Data were available for 121 patients for early complications and 112 for late complications. Eighty-one eligible participants had their quality of life assessed (86% response rate). Early complications occurred in 26% and 76% had late complications. Those who had Clavien–Dindo grade 3 or 4 early complications had lower quality of life scores (P = 0.001) as did females (P = 0.004) and those with a stricture (P = 0.031). Conclusion This population-based study with long-term follow-up demonstrates that Clavien–Dindo grade 3 and 4 postoperative complications are important in determining quality of life in the long term. The reduction in these complications should be a focus of patient management, as it should improve long-term quality of life.

Published
2016

10. Simulation of anyonic statistics and its topological path independence using a seven-qubit quantum simulator

Author

Raymond Laflamme, Dawei Lu, Emma McKay, and Annie Jihyun Park

Subjects
Physics, Quantum decoherence, Toric code, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum simulator, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Topological quantum computer, High Energy Physics::Theory, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Quantum information, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Topological conjugacy, Quantum computer
Abstract

Anyons, quasiparticles living in two-dimensional spaces with exotic exchange statistics, can serve as the fundamental units for fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, experimentally demonstrating anyonic statistics is a challenge due to the technical limitations of current experimental platforms. Here, we take a state perpetration approach to mimic anyons in the toric code using a seven-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum simulator. Anyons are created by dynamically preparing the ground and excited states of a seven-qubit planar version of the toric code, and are subsequently braided along two distinct, but topologically equivalent paths. We observe that the phase acquired by the anyons is independent of the path, and coincides with the ideal theoretical predictions when decoherence and implementation errors are taken into account. As the first demonstration of the topological path independence of anyons, our experiment helps to study and exploit the anyonic properties towards the goal of building a topological quantum computer.

Published
2016
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11. Postoperative continuous positive airway pressure to prevent pneumonia, re-intubation, and death after major abdominal surgery (PRISM): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

Author

Rupert Pearse, Marco Ranieri, Tom Abbott, Mari-Liis Pakats, Edoardo Piervincenzi, Akshaykumar Patel, Brennan Kahan, Andrew Rhodes, Priyanthi Dias, Russell Hewson, Ib Jammer, Michelle Chew, Cesar Aldecoa, Reitze Rodseth, Bruce Biccard, Tim Stephens, Sara Payne, David Hepworth, Soeren Pischke, Joerund Asvall, John Hausken, Shaman Jhanji, Martin Rooms, Neil Flint, Dawn Hales, Tamas Szakmany, Andrew Leitch, Savino Spadaro, Davide Chiumello, Paul Johnston, Joyce Yeung, Guglielmo Tellan, Tonny Veenith, Josep Macmillan, Pierpaolo Terragni, Caroline Sander, Vidya Kasipandian, Tahania Ahmad, Aaron Lee, Marcello Tammaro, Danny McAuley, Simon Skene, Ravinder Vohra, Matt Wilson, Mark Edwards, Ewen Griffiths, Naomi Pritchard, Claudia Filippini, Tor Aasmundstad, Einar Aksnes, Lise-Merete Alpers, Andreas Barratt-Due, Anita Dahl, Linda Feldt, Elisa Figari, Eva Flåten, Karen Granheim, Minna Hagring, Håkon Haugaa, Gisle Kjoesen, Inge Klaevahaugen, Harald Lenz, Marianne Myhre, Hilde Orrem, Emily Stitt, Tor Inge Toennessen, Samuel Al-Kadhimi, Robert Anker, Mihaela Balint, Lauren Barraclough, Ethel Black, Matt Clayton, Leonora Conneely, Zara Edwards, Alex Eeles, Matthew Evans, Michelle Gerstman, Nicole Greenshields, Eleanor Harvey, Aoife Hegarty, Natalie Hester, Jenna Hutchinson, Ramanathan Kasivisvanathan, Helen Lawrence, Veronica Marsh, Laura Matthews, Francesca Mazzola, Jamie McCanny, Ben Morrison, Michelle O'Mahony, Ching Ling Pang, David Parkinson, Katrina Pirie, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Louisa Shovel, Lorna Smith, Kate Tatham, Peter Thomas, Sophie Uren, Susanna Walker, Alasdair Wills, Prematie Andreou, Alex Howson, Jasmin Kaur, Adam Lewszuk, Esther Molina, Nirmalabaye Ramsamy, Emma Roberts, Vanessa Amaral, Salma Begum, Soliana Bekele, Richard Cashmore, Carmen Correia, Steven Dunkley, Maria Fernandez, Alexander Fowler, Amaia Garcia, Maria Della Giovampaola, Kathryn Greaves, Bethan Griffiths, Ryan Haines, Richard Haslop, Ying Hu, Sarah Hui, Marta Januszewska, Vasi Manon, Tim Martin, Shaun May, Annamaria Minicozzi, Edyta Niebrzegowska, Monica Oliveira, Katherine Pates, Filipa Santos, Tasnin Shahid, Paolo Simili, Alastair Somerville, Emily Subhedar, Ruzena Uddin, Sophie Walker, Yize Wan, Jan Whalley, Parjam Zolfaghari, Una Gunter, Gemma Hodkinson, Gwenllian Howe, Valentina Baratozzi, Giulia Casotto, Giulia Darai, Erica Ferrari, Giovanni Mistraletti, Valentina Palmaverdi, Stefano Furlani, Paolo Priani, Riccardo Ragazzi, Marco Salmaso, Marco Verri, Carlo Volta, Chris Nutt, Emma McKay, Orla O'Neill, Jaimin Patel, Katie Atterbury, Sarah Ballinger, Natalie Carling, Kaytie Ellis, Jo Gresty, Teresa Melody, Jade Monk, Chloe Norman, Eleanor Reeves, Julia Sampson, Peter Sutton, Marie Thomas, Amy Bamford, Colin Bergin, Ronald Carrera, Lauren Cooper, Liesl Despy, Karen Ellis, Emma Fellows, Stephanie Goundry, Samantha Harkett, Peter Ip, Tracy Mason, Christopher McGhee, Aisling McLaughlin, Aoife Neal, Martin Pope, Stephanie Porter, Hazel Smith, Catherine Snelson, Elaine Spruce, Ylenia Vigo, Arlo Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Maria Donatiello, Sergio Gazzanelli, Mario Mezzapesa, Martina Savino, Giacomo Settesoldi, Gudrun Kunst, Sian Birch, Louise Greig, Harriet Noble, Evita Pappa, Bethany Penhaligon, Andrea Cossu, Leda Floris, Davide Piredda, Alberto Racca, Olof Brattstrom, Bente Heggelund, Magnus Flodberg, Sandra Månsson, Mamoona Ahmed, Jonathan Allen, Paula Bell, Roman Genetu, Julia Glennon, Janice Hanley, Katy Jenner, Summayyah Jogi, Parisa Mahjoob, Clare McGovern, Anthony Murphy, Roonak Nazari, Jacki Routledge, Trishna Uttamlal, Sinead Ward, Giorgio Iotti, Raffaella Picchioni, Silvia Poma, Paolo Navalesi, Andrea Bruni, Brunella De Leonardis, Eugenio Garofalo, Panna Patel, Carol McArthur, Karen Burns, Steven Peters, Giuseppe Foti, Serena Calcinati, Alice Grassi, Silvia Villa, John Berridge, Muthuraj Kanakaraj, Hazel Cahill, Greg Forshaw, Andy Gibson, Lia Grainger, Kate Howard, Katherine James, Zoe Murphy, Helen Sweeting, Rebecca Tait, Danielle Wilcock, David Yates, Sean Cope, Ashley Allan, Rebecca Betts, Sarah Cornell, Julie Sheriff, Lindsey Woods, Giacomo Grasselli, Matteo Brioni, Luigi Castagna, Richard von Rahden, Zane Farina, Samantha Green, Simphiwe Gumede, Chantal Rajah, Arisha Ramkillawan, Susan Moug, David Alcorn, Carol Dalton, Natalie Dickinson, Jennifer Edwards, Steven Henderson, Erin McIlveen, Richard Ramsaran, Joanne Bell, Lorna Fleming, Kathleen Monks, Jane Parker, Sean Stamper, Jo Stokes-Denson, Elisa Elías, Yessica Guerra, Jesus Rico-Feijoo, Carlos Kidel, Helder Filipe, Gretchelle Asis, Yvonne Gleeson, Alice Harvey, Christine Jackson, Margaret McNeil, Sara Mingo, Glykeria Pakou, Manuel Pinto, Stephen Wright, Maite Babio-Galan, David Buckley, Verity Calder, Ahmad Chishti, Joseph Cosgrove, Katherine Cullen, Leigh Dunn, Matthew Faulds, Jonathan Fortune, Matthew Gardner, Abigail Harrison, Carole Hays, Gerry Jones, Caroline Macfie, Iain Mccullagh, Ian Nesbitt, Suzanne O'Neil, Catherine Phoenix, Girish Rangaswamy, Craig Samson, Carmen Scott, Tara Shrestha, Rita Singh, Graham Soulsby, Jon Walton, Kimberley Zwiggelaar, Ceri Lynch, Heidi Clarke, Bethan Deacon, Helen Ivatt, Leanne Jones, Ahmed Latif, Shaun Oram, Chris Perman, Lisa Roche, Rowan Duys, Margot Flint, Kamal Bhagwan, Ettienne Coetzee, Ivan Joubert, Felipe Montoya-Pelaez, Pradeep Navsaria, Guy Picken, Owen Porrill, Grant Strathie, Thembinkosi Zungu, Sireesha Aluri, Simon Chau, Deborah Cooper, Mishell Cunningham, Allison Daniels, Susan Hope, Alice Nicholson, Laura Walker, Antonino Giarratano, Giuseppe Accurso, Santi Raineri, Giuseppe Tricoli, Richard Innes, Patricia Doble, Joanne Hutter, Corinne Pawley, Moira Tait, Mark Hamilton, Edward Andrade, Veronica Barnes, Claire Dalton, Carlos Delgado, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Helen Farrah, Geraldine Gray, Luisa Howlett, Gipsy Joseph, Monika Krupa, Susannah Leaver, Joao Macedo, Karen Maher, Johannes Mellinghoff, Rachel Oguntimehin, Joel Pereira, Frances Robinson, Christine Ryan, Nirav Shah, Paula Shirley, Alexandra Torborg, Thuli Biyase, Leanne Drummond, Belinda Kusel, Mbalenhle Mbuyisa, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Jenna Taylor, Adanma Ezihe-Ejiofor, Maame Aduse-Poku, Gary Colville, Louise Davies, Soo Kang, Alex Phillips, Justin Kirk-Bayley, Leigh Kelliher, Paula Carvelli, Gokce Daysal, Matthew Dickinson, Nancileigh Doyle, Christina Hughes, Laura Montague, Elizabeth Potter, Armorel Salberg, Sheena Sibug, Sinduja Sivarajan, Milo Thomson, Nichola Wakeford, Monica Rocco, Daniela Alampi, Daniel Conway, Richard Clark, Jashmin Maria, Fiona Pomeroy, Tanviha Quraishi, Abigail Williams, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Caroline Aherne, Donna Harrison-Briggs, Jill Fitchett, Stephen Duberley, Andrea Zanoni, Daniela Cardinale, Claudia Righi, Mark Blunt, Tracy Fuller, Ruth Hodgson, Melissa Rosbergen, Andrew Brennan, Louise Akeroyd, Victoria Boardman, Christopher Bull, Mike Carrick, Ian Chadderton, Sarah Cooper, Sarah Goellner, Laura Graham, Carl Ilyas, James King, Muhammad Laklouk, Tom Lawton, Christopher Macrow, Michael Munro, Adam Neep, Martin Northey, Victoria Peacock, Kate Pye, Lydia Radley, James Sira, Beth Smithson, Stuart Syddall, David Tooth, Thomas White, Sindre Hoel, Elin Aakre, Monica Bakke, Tone Hoivik, Arystarch Makowski, Harry Alcock, Sean Cardoso, Samantha Coetzee, Mary Everett, Mohamed Ibrahim, Christina Kouridaki, Vongayi Ogbeide, Elisabetta Bertellini, Valentina Bertolotti, Antonio Buono, Maria Fanigliulo, Ram Kumar, Nicole Richards, Alisha Allana, Samantha Bacciarelli, Helen Barker, Jessica De Bois, Isabel Bradley, Jennifer Crooks, Peter Daum, Alex Feben, Lizzie Gannon, Sarah Kipling, Andrew Peetamsingh, Charlotte Quamina, Sahiba Sethi, Harry Sivadhas, Kathryn Sollesta, Andrew Swain, Evalyn Tan, Joan Willis, Maggie Zou, Julius Cranshaw, Nina Barratt, Katie Bowman, Debbie Branney, Maria Letts, Sally Pitts, Christopher Day, Sarah Benyon, Sara Eddy, Adam Green, Anna Grice, Sinéad Kelly, Daisy Mackle, Victor Mariano, Linda Park, Pauline Sibley, William Spencer, Elena Bignami, Valentina Bellini, Francesco Forfori, Maria Curci, Alessandra Leo, Matthew Jackson, Jennifer Awolesi, Sheila Hodgkinson, Alissa Kent, Dee Leonard, Claire Stapleton, Clare Tibke, Farhad Alexander-Sefre, Lorraine Campey, Kathryn Hall, Jennifer Spimpolo, Malin Nilsson, Helen Didriksson, Emma Hamilton, Mandy Carnahan, Chris Mowatt, Jo Stickley, Antonio Corcione, Giuseppe Rossi, Hege Fladby, Nina Andersen, Gunhild Bjoernå, Mads Reite, Linda Roertveit, Philipp Seidel, Glenn Arnold, Melissa Benavente, Anjalee Chattersingh, Nyasha Chironga, Gillian Hornzee, Joyce Kibaru, Ihtisham Malik, Laura McLeavy, Byiravey Pathmanathan, Florence Prior, Rhea Strudwick, Marios Vezyrgiannis, Aneeta Sinha, Sheeba Babu, Bisanth Batuwitage, Zoe Daly, Katharine Ellinor, Elizabeth Hawes, Ann Holmes, Karen Hudson, Jeremy Nightingale, Alison Le Poidevin, Lindsey Roberts, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Joanna Allison, Lucy Pippard, Vincent Hamlyn, Angie Organ, Thaventhran Prabhahar, Hayley Bridger, Lee Dvorkin, Vitul Manhas, Rachel Vincent, Shondipon Laha, Terri-Louise Cromie, Donna Doyle, Rachel Howarth, Mark Verlander, Ailsa Watt, Alexandra Williams, Massimo Antonelli, Salvatore Cutuli, Luca Montini, Juan Graterol, Benita Adams, Sarah Bean, Karen Burt, Fiona Hammonds, Suyogi Jigajinni, Laura Fulton, Stephen Kinghorn, Jost Mullenheim, Kirsty Baillie, Martyn Cain, Kerry Colling, Carol Hannaway, Ruggero Corso, Morena Calli, Carlos Ferrando, Esther Romero, Pablo Jorge-Monjas, María Soria-García, José Gómez-Herreras, Rita Rodríguez-Jiménez, Blanca De Prada-Martín, Pearse, Rupert, Ranieri, Marco, Abbott, Tom, Pakats, Mari-Lii, Piervincenzi, Edoardo, Patel, Akshaykumar, Kahan, Brennan, Rhodes, Andrew, Dias, Priyanthi, Hewson, Russell, Jammer, Ib, Chew, Michelle, Aldecoa, Cesar, Rodseth, Reitze, Biccard, Bruce, Stephens, Tim, Payne, Sara, Hepworth, David, Pischke, Soeren, Asvall, Joerund, Hausken, John, Jhanji, Shaman, Rooms, Martin, Flint, Neil, Hales, Dawn, Szakmany, Tama, Leitch, Andrew, Spadaro, Savino, Chiumello, Davide, Johnston, Paul, Yeung, Joyce, Tellan, Guglielmo, Veenith, Tonny, Macmillan, Josep, Terragni, Pierpaolo, Sander, Caroline, Kasipandian, Vidya, Ahmad, Tahania, Lee, Aaron, Tammaro, Marcello, McAuley, Danny, Skene, Simon, Vohra, Ravinder, Wilson, Matt, Edwards, Mark, Griffiths, Ewen, Pritchard, Naomi, Filippini, Claudia, Aasmundstad, Tor, Aksnes, Einar, Alpers, Lise-Merete, Barratt-Due, Andrea, Dahl, Anita, Feldt, Linda, Figari, Elisa, Flåten, Eva, Granheim, Karen, Hagring, Minna, Haugaa, Håkon, Kjoesen, Gisle, Klaevahaugen, Inge, Lenz, Harald, Myhre, Marianne, Orrem, Hilde, Stitt, Emily, Toennessen, Tor Inge, Al-Kadhimi, Samuel, Anker, Robert, Balint, Mihaela, Barraclough, Lauren, Black, Ethel, Clayton, Matt, Conneely, Leonora, Edwards, Zara, Eeles, Alex, Evans, Matthew, Gerstman, Michelle, Greenshields, Nicole, Harvey, Eleanor, Hegarty, Aoife, Hester, Natalie, Hutchinson, Jenna, Kasivisvanathan, Ramanathan, Lawrence, Helen, Marsh, Veronica, Matthews, Laura, Mazzola, Francesca, McCanny, Jamie, Morrison, Ben, O'Mahony, Michelle, Pang, Ching Ling, Parkinson, David, Pirie, Katrina, Rao Baikady, Ravishankar, Shovel, Louisa, Smith, Lorna, Tatham, Kate, Thomas, Peter, Uren, Sophie, Walker, Susanna, Wills, Alasdair, Andreou, Prematie, Howson, Alex, Kaur, Jasmin, Lewszuk, Adam, Molina, Esther, Ramsamy, Nirmalabaye, Roberts, Emma, Amaral, Vanessa, Begum, Salma, Bekele, Soliana, Cashmore, Richard, Correia, Carmen, Dunkley, Steven, Fernandez, Maria, Fowler, Alexander, Garcia, Amaia, Della Giovampaola, Maria, Greaves, Kathryn, Griffiths, Bethan, Haines, Ryan, Haslop, Richard, Hu, Ying, Hui, Sarah, Januszewska, Marta, Manon, Vasi, Martin, Tim, May, Shaun, Minicozzi, Annamaria, Niebrzegowska, Edyta, Oliveira, Monica, Pates, Katherine, Santos, Filipa, Shahid, Tasnin, Simili, Paolo, Somerville, Alastair, Subhedar, Emily, Uddin, Ruzena, Walker, Sophie, Wan, Yize, Whalley, Jan, Zolfaghari, Parjam, Gunter, Una, Hodkinson, Gemma, Howe, Gwenllian, Baratozzi, Valentina, Casotto, Giulia, Darai, Giulia, Ferrari, Erica, Mistraletti, Giovanni, Palmaverdi, Valentina, Furlani, Stefano, Priani, Paolo, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Salmaso, Marco, Verri, Marco, Volta, Carlo, Nutt, Chri, McKay, Emma, O'Neill, Orla, Patel, Jaimin, Atterbury, Katie, Ballinger, Sarah, Carling, Natalie, Ellis, Kaytie, Gresty, Jo, Melody, Teresa, Monk, Jade, Norman, Chloe, Reeves, Eleanor, Sampson, Julia, Sutton, Peter, Thomas, Marie, Bamford, Amy, Bergin, Colin, Carrera, Ronald, Cooper, Lauren, Despy, Liesl, Ellis, Karen, Fellows, Emma, Goundry, Stephanie, Harkett, Samantha, Ip, Peter, Mason, Tracy, McGhee, Christopher, McLaughlin, Aisling, Neal, Aoife, Pope, Martin, Porter, Stephanie, Smith, Hazel, Snelson, Catherine, Spruce, Elaine, Vigo, Ylenia, Whitehouse, Arlo, Whitehouse, Tony, Donatiello, Maria, Gazzanelli, Sergio, Mezzapesa, Mario, Savino, Martina, Settesoldi, Giacomo, Kunst, Gudrun, Birch, Sian, Greig, Louise, Noble, Harriet, Pappa, Evita, Penhaligon, Bethany, Cossu, Andrea, Floris, Leda, Piredda, Davide, Racca, Alberto, Brattstrom, Olof, Heggelund, Bente, Flodberg, Magnu, Månsson, Sandra, Ahmed, Mamoona, Allen, Jonathan, Bell, Paula, Genetu, Roman, Glennon, Julia, Hanley, Janice, Jenner, Katy, Jogi, Summayyah, Mahjoob, Parisa, McGovern, Clare, Murphy, Anthony, Nazari, Roonak, Routledge, Jacki, Uttamlal, Trishna, Ward, Sinead, Iotti, Giorgio, Picchioni, Raffaella, Poma, Silvia, Navalesi, Paolo, Bruni, Andrea, De Leonardis, Brunella, Garofalo, Eugenio, Patel, Panna, McArthur, Carol, Burns, Karen, Peters, Steven, Foti, Giuseppe, Calcinati, Serena, Grassi, Alice, Villa, Silvia, Berridge, John, Kanakaraj, Muthuraj, Cahill, Hazel, Forshaw, Greg, Gibson, Andy, Grainger, Lia, Howard, Kate, James, Katherine, Murphy, Zoe, Sweeting, Helen, Tait, Rebecca, Wilcock, Danielle, Yates, David, Cope, Sean, Allan, Ashley, Betts, Rebecca, Cornell, Sarah, Sheriff, Julie, Woods, Lindsey, Grasselli, Giacomo, Brioni, Matteo, Castagna, Luigi, von Rahden, Richard, Farina, Zane, Green, Samantha, Gumede, Simphiwe, Rajah, Chantal, Ramkillawan, Arisha, Moug, Susan, Alcorn, David, Dalton, Carol, Dickinson, Natalie, Edwards, Jennifer, Henderson, Steven, McIlveen, Erin, Ramsaran, Richard, Bell, Joanne, Fleming, Lorna, Monks, Kathleen, Parker, Jane, Stamper, Sean, Stokes-Denson, Jo, Elías, Elisa, Guerra, Yessica, Rico-Feijoo, Jesu, Kidel, Carlo, Filipe, Helder, Asis, Gretchelle, Gleeson, Yvonne, Harvey, Alice, Jackson, Christine, McNeil, Margaret, Mingo, Sara, Pakou, Glykeria, Pinto, Manuel, Wright, Stephen, Babio-Galan, Maite, Buckley, David, Calder, Verity, Chishti, Ahmad, Cosgrove, Joseph, Cullen, Katherine, Dunn, Leigh, Faulds, Matthew, Fortune, Jonathan, Gardner, Matthew, Harrison, Abigail, Hays, Carole, Jones, Gerry, Macfie, Caroline, Mccullagh, Iain, Nesbitt, Ian, O'Neil, Suzanne, Phoenix, Catherine, Rangaswamy, Girish, Samson, Craig, Scott, Carmen, Shrestha, Tara, Singh, Rita, Soulsby, Graham, Walton, Jon, Zwiggelaar, Kimberley, Lynch, Ceri, Clarke, Heidi, Deacon, Bethan, Ivatt, Helen, Jones, Leanne, Latif, Ahmed, Oram, Shaun, Perman, Chri, Roche, Lisa, Duys, Rowan, Flint, Margot, Bhagwan, Kamal, Coetzee, Ettienne, Joubert, Ivan, Montoya-Pelaez, Felipe, Navsaria, Pradeep, Picken, Guy, Porrill, Owen, Strathie, Grant, Zungu, Thembinkosi, Aluri, Sireesha, Chau, Simon, Cooper, Deborah, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Hope, Susan, Nicholson, Alice, Walker, Laura, Giarratano, Antonino, Accurso, Giuseppe, Raineri, Santi, Tricoli, Giuseppe, Innes, Richard, Doble, Patricia, Hutter, Joanne, Pawley, Corinne, Tait, Moira, Hamilton, Mark, Andrade, Edward, Barnes, Veronica, Dalton, Claire, Delgado, Carlo, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Farrah, Helen, Gray, Geraldine, Howlett, Luisa, Joseph, Gipsy, Krupa, Monika, Leaver, Susannah, Macedo, Joao, Maher, Karen, Mellinghoff, Johanne, Oguntimehin, Rachel, Pereira, Joel, Robinson, France, Ryan, Christine, Shah, Nirav, Shirley, Paula, Torborg, Alexandra, Biyase, Thuli, Drummond, Leanne, Kusel, Belinda, 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Linda, Sibley, Pauline, Spencer, William, Bignami, Elena, Bellini, Valentina, Forfori, Francesco, Curci, Maria, Leo, Alessandra, Jackson, Matthew, Awolesi, Jennifer, Hodgkinson, Sheila, Kent, Alissa, Leonard, Dee, Stapleton, Claire, Tibke, Clare, Alexander-Sefre, Farhad, Campey, Lorraine, Hall, Kathryn, Spimpolo, Jennifer, Nilsson, Malin, Didriksson, Helen, Hamilton, Emma, Carnahan, Mandy, Mowatt, Chri, Stickley, Jo, Corcione, Antonio, Rossi, Giuseppe, Fladby, Hege, Andersen, Nina, Bjoernå, Gunhild, Reite, Mad, Roertveit, Linda, Seidel, Philipp, Arnold, Glenn, Benavente, Melissa, Chattersingh, Anjalee, Chironga, Nyasha, Hornzee, Gillian, Kibaru, Joyce, Malik, Ihtisham, McLeavy, Laura, Pathmanathan, Byiravey, Prior, Florence, Strudwick, Rhea, Vezyrgiannis, Mario, Sinha, Aneeta, Babu, Sheeba, Batuwitage, Bisanth, Daly, Zoe, Ellinor, Katharine, Hawes, Elizabeth, Holmes, Ann, Hudson, Karen, Nightingale, Jeremy, Le Poidevin, Alison, Roberts, Lindsey, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Allison, Joanna, Pippard, Lucy, Hamlyn, Vincent, Organ, Angie, Prabhahar, Thaventhran, Bridger, Hayley, Dvorkin, Lee, Manhas, Vitul, Vincent, Rachel, Laha, Shondipon, Cromie, Terri-Louise, Doyle, Donna, Howarth, Rachel, Verlander, Mark, Watt, Ailsa, Williams, Alexandra, Antonelli, Massimo, Cutuli, Salvatore, Montini, Luca, Graterol, Juan, Adams, Benita, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Hammonds, Fiona, Jigajinni, Suyogi, Fulton, Laura, Kinghorn, Stephen, Mullenheim, Jost, Baillie, Kirsty, Cain, Martyn, Colling, Kerry, Hannaway, Carol, Corso, Ruggero, Calli, Morena, Ferrando, Carlo, Romero, Esther, Jorge-Monjas, Pablo, Soria-García, María, Gómez-Herreras, José, Rodríguez-Jiménez, Rita, and De Prada-Martín, Blanca

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, CPAP, Abdomen, Settore MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Humans, Intubation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Continuous positive airway pressure, Adverse effect, education, education.field_of_study, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, business.industry, respiratory complications, continuous positive airway pressure, major abdominal surgery, Pneumonia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Intratracheal, Treatment Outcome, 030228 respiratory system, Respiratory failure, Anesthesia, Vomiting, medicine.symptom, Respiratory Insufficiency, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

BackgroundRespiratory complications are an important cause of postoperative morbidity. We aimed to investigate whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administered immediately after major abdominal surgery could prevent postoperative morbidity.MethodsPRISM was an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial done at 70 hospitals across six countries. Patients aged 50 years or older who were undergoing elective major open abdominal surgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive CPAP within 4 h of the end of surgery or usual postoperative care. Patients were randomly assigned using a computer-generated minimisation algorithm with inbuilt concealment. The primary outcome was a composite of pneumonia, endotracheal re-intubation, or death within 30 days after randomisation, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received CPAP. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN56012545.FindingsBetween Feb 8, 2016, and Nov 11, 2019, 4806 patients were randomly assigned (2405 to the CPAP group and 2401 to the usual care group), of whom 4793 were included in the primary analysis (2396 in the CPAP group and 2397 in the usual care group). 195 (8·1%) of 2396 patients in the CPAP group and 197 (8·2%) of 2397 patients in the usual care group met the composite primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 1·01 [95% CI 0·81-1·24]; p=0·95). 200 (8·9%) of 2241 patients in the CPAP group had adverse events. The most common adverse events were claustrophobia (78 [3·5%] of 2241 patients), oronasal dryness (43 [1·9%]), excessive air leak (36 [1·6%]), vomiting (26 [1·2%]), and pain (24 [1·1%]). There were two serious adverse events: one patient had significant hearing loss and one patient had obstruction of their venous catheter caused by a CPAP hood, which resulted in transient haemodynamic instability.InterpretationIn this large clinical effectiveness trial, CPAP did not reduce the incidence of pneumonia, endotracheal re-intubation, or death after major abdominal surgery. Although CPAP has an important role in the treatment of respiratory failure after surgery, routine use of prophylactic post-operative CPAP is not recommended.FundingNational Institute for Health Research, Barts Charity, Intersurgical, Association of Anaesthetists, and Sapienza Università di Roma.

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