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As Varroa destructor is one of the most important pathogens of Apis mellifera , there are numerous treatment methods, including pharmaceutical and biotechnological approaches. However, the rapid development of resistance to synthetic acaricides by Varroa destructor has become a significant concern. To date, there have been no investigations into the development of resistance to organic acids. This review examines the potential risk of oxalic acid resistance development by evaluating literature sources from the past 30 years following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Median annual efficacies are calculated and reviewed over time for several application methods. An efficacy higher than 70% is determined as not resistant. Independent of the method of application, no resistance development can be observed, although there are some outliers of the annual median. These outliers can be explained by brood status or study setting. However, the result is limited by the low number of efficacy values, and further standardised studies are needed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Honeybees are some of the smallest farmed animals, and apiculture by-products, e.g., honey, beeswax, propolis, royal jelly, and pollen contribute to animal nutrition. For the effective production of these by-products, the optimal development and nutrient supply of the honeybee is required. Beginning with the development of the mouth and anal pores on the second day of embryonic development, the digestive tract differentiates into the mouth and fore-, mid-, and hindgut during the pupal stage. The various glands within the oral cavity are particularly important, secreting enzymes and substances that are crucial for digestion and hive nutrition, e.g., invertase and royal jelly. Honeybees rely on a specialized caste system, with worker bees collecting nectar, pollen, water, and resin for the nutrition of the entire hive. Macronutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, obtained primarily from pollen and nectar, are essential for the growth and development of larvae and the overall health of the colony. Inadequate nutrient intake can lead to detrimental effects on larval development, prompting cannibalism within the hive. Apiculture by-products possess unique nutritional and therapeutic properties, leading to a growing interest in the use of honey, beeswax, propolis, and pollen as a feed additive. In recent years, the use of apicultural by-products in animal nutrition has been primarily limited to in vivo studies, which have demonstrated various positive impacts on the performance of farm animals. Honey, beeswax, propolis, royal jelly, and pollen are listed feed stuffs according to Regulation (EC) No. 68/2013. However, for animal nutrition there is not any specific legal definition for these products and no legal requirements regarding their ingredients as given for honey or beeswax in European food law.

In 2023, no new active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for horses and food-producing animals. Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The phosphorus compound butafosfan was also approved for horses, dogs, and cats and the mineral sodium chloride as an isotonic sodium chloride solution was also approved for rabbits and guinea pigs. In addition, for small animals, there were new releases of an agent (pergolidmesilate) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation and a lower content of the active ingredient, one drug (fluralaner) in a smaller package size as well as one drug (oxalic acid dehydrate) with a new route of administration. Furthermore, one combination of active ingredients (diprophylline+heptaminol) is available on the market for horses and food producing animals again., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

In 2023, 2 novel pharmaceutical agents for small animals were released on the German market: the structural but non-functional analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid pregabalin with an anxiolytic active component and the dopamine agonist ropinirole in form of eye drops to induce vomiting. Two established active veterinary pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The phosphorus compound butafosfan was additionally approved for horses, dogs and cats and the mineral sodium chloride as an isotonic sodium chloride solution was also approved for rabbits and guinea pigs. In addition, for small animals, there were new releases of an agent (dexamethasone) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug with a new route of administration (hydrocortisone aceponate), one drug with a new content of the active ingredient (firocoxib) as well as one veterinary drug with a new combination of active ingredients in a novel pharmaceutical formulation (gentamicin+mometasone+posaconazole). Furthermore, one combination of active ingredients (diprophylline+heptaminol) is available on the market for small animals again., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenskonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

In 2022, one novel pharmaceutical agent was released on the German market for horses or food-producing animals: An injection suspension for horses containing tenogenic primed equine allogeneic peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells as the active ingredient (RenuTend ® ) is now available. The authorization of one established veterinary active ingredient was extended to an additional species: The synthetic prostaglandin F 2α -analogue cloprostenol (Syncroprost ® ) received approval for goats. Additionally, for 2 active ingredients (paracetamol, suxibuzone), drugs with a higher content of the active ingredient were launched on the market for horses and food-producing animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

In 2022, 3 novel pharmaceutical A: gents for small animals were released on the German market: the peripheral selective α 2 -adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan in combination with medetomidine (Zenalpha ® ), mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord of horses (DogStem ® ) and the ectoparasitic agent tigolaner in combination with emodepside and praziquantel (Felpreva ® ). No active substance received an animal species extension. In addition, for small animals, there were new releases of four active ingredients in a novel pharmaceutical formulation (acetylcysteine, clindamycin, metoclopramide, oclacitinib maleate), one drug with a new content of the active ingredient (firocoxib) and one veterinary drug with a new combination of active ingredients in a novel pharmaceutical formulation (ketoconazole+marbofloxacin+prednisolone)., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

The new pharmaceutical regulations for veterinary medicinal products introduced in the course of the EU harmonization also have an impact on pharmacotherapy of honey bee colonies in Germany. In particular, the requirement to use veterinary medicinal products in accordance with the terms of the marketing authorization not only restricts the veterinarians' freedom of therapy, but also marks the end of off-label use of approved varroacides in honey bees not subject to pharmacy requirements by beekeepers. A deviation from the terms of the marketing authorization is only possible in the case of a so-called therapeutic emergency in the reclassification, irrespective of the sales demarcation/limitation. If such a situation exists, however, veterinary medicinal products for honey bees from other member states of the European Union may already be used in the first reclassification level, even if veterinary medicinal products with the same active ingredient are available in Germany. For this reason, the article discusses not only the impact of the required adherence to the marketing authorization, but also additional treatment options for honey bees in consequence to the harmonisation of the internal market., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany.)

In 2021, one novel pharmaceutical agent for horses or food-producing animals was released on the German market, making the anti-haemorrhagic etamsylate (Hemosilate) available for horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs and cats, for the first time. The authorization of one established veterinary active ingredient was extended to an additional species: The endectocide eprinomectin (Eprecis ® ) from the group of macrocyclic lactones was also approved for sheeps and goats. Additionally, two veterinary formulations with a new active substance content (bromhexine, tiamulin) and one active ingredient in a novel pharmaceutical formulation (indigo carmine stained intramammary suspension with heavy bismuth subnitrate) appeared on the market. Furthermore, one active ingredient (oxytetracycline) is again available for horses on the market for horses and food-producing animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

In 2021, 8 novel pharmaceutical agents for small animals were released on the German market: The specific monoclonal antibodies bedinvetmab (Librela ® ) and frunevetmab (Solensia ® ), the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor enflioxib (Daxocox ® ), the ectoparasitic esafoxolaner (NexGard ® Combo) of the isoxazoline group, the anti-haemorrhagic etamsylate (Hemosilate), the antidepressant mirtazapine (Mirataz ® ), the alpha-selective sympathomimetic tetryzoline for ophthalmic use (Zolicep ® ) and the cytostatic tigilanol tiglate (Stelfonta ® ). No active substance received an animal species extension. In addition, for small animals, there were new releases of two agents in a novel pharmaceutical formulation (cefalexin, gentamicin), five drugs with a new content of the active ingredient (metronidazole, pimobendan, thiamazole, tramadol, trilostane), one veterinary drug with a new combination of active ingredients (lotilaner + milbemycin oxime), one drug with a new route of administration (propofol) and furthermore two temporarily non-available active ingredients for certain animal species were reapproved in new drugs (levothyroxine for cats and oxytetracycline for dogs and cats)., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenskonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), a so far unclassified RNA virus that may cause neurological signs and hairless black syndrome in honey bees, has become increasingly prevalent in various European countries in recent years. The disease occasionally leads to immense losses of worker bees and a significant drop in performance, especially in strong colonies. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the spread of CBPV in Bavaria from 2018 to 2020 as well as to evaluate therapeutic measures., Material and Methods: In part 1 of the study, analysis results of the Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern e. V. (Bavarian Animal Health Service) from 302 bee colonies were examined with regard to virus diagnostics and clinical signs with a focus on CBPV. In part 2, data collected with the help of a questionnaire regarding 105 CBPV-positive and symptomatic colonies were evaluated., Results: In part 1, a significant (p = 0.004) increase in CBPV-positive samples from 2018 to 2020 was detected within Bavaria. In addition, the number of cases with clinical signs also increased during the last 2 years. Part 2 of the study showed a clustering of reports of initial onset of CBPV symptoms during springtime. The colonies mostly with a combination of symptoms recovered from the disease in 57 % of the cases. Therapeutic intervention was one decisive factor. A large number of different combinations of measures led to survival, and a lack of intervention mostly resulted in the death of the colony. In 62 % of the diseased and isolated colonies, isolation prevented further spread in the apiary., Conclusion Und Clinical Relevance: Based on the results, CBPV occurred more frequently in connection with clinical signs in Bavaria in recent years. Due to the large number of applied combinations of measures, no evidence-based therapy recommendation may be derived based on the current evaluations. However, it has been shown that any therapeutic intervention is superior to withholding treatment. For precise therapy recommendations, trials with treatment under standard conditions are necessary., Competing Interests: Die Autoren erklären, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

In 2020, one novel pharmaceutical agent for horses or food-producing animals was released on the German market, rendering the inhaled glucocorticoid ciclesonide (Aservo EquiHaler ® ) available for horses for the first time. The authorization of one established veterinary active ingredient was extended to an additional species: The anthelmintic fenbendazole (Gallifen ® ) from the benzimidazole group is now also authorized for pheasants. Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (ketoprofen + tilmicosin, ketoprofen + tulathromycin, prednisolone + lidocaine), 3 agents in a novel pharmaceutical formulation (florfenicol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, prednisolone), one drug (fluralaner) in a new package size as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for horses and food-producing animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

In 2020, one novel pharmaceutical agent for small animals, the ACTH analog tetracosactide for the assessment of adrenocortical function in dogs, were released on the German market. Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The dissociative anesthetic ketamine is now also authorized for hamsters, mice, and rats; and the osmotic laxative lactulose is approved for use also in dogs and cats. Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (mometasone + terbinafine + florfenicol, sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel), an agent (tetracaine) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for small animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Infestation with Tropilaelaps mites is a disease that damages the bee brood and is subject to compulsory notification for Apis mellifera . Despite the high risk of introduction of this disease, it is not yet present in Europe. In order to prevent introduction and spreading, mites of Tropilaelaps size must be identified immediately when found in debris or in covered bee brood. In the present case, Parasitellus fucorum was identified as an additional mite species in the debris of Apis mellifera possessing a potential for misperception as Tropilaelaps spp., Competing Interests: Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Veterinarians are educated in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in various vertebrate species. As they are familiar with multifactorial health problems in single animals as well as in herd health management, their knowledge and skills can be beneficial for the beekeepers and honeybee health. However, in education and in practice, honeybees are not a common species for most veterinarians and the typical veterinary diagnostic methods such as blood sampling or auscultation are not applicable to the superorganism honeybee. Honeybee colonies may be affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. Among the infectious agents, RNA-viruses build the largest group, causing covert and overt infections in honeybee colonies which may lead to colony losses. Veterinarians could and should play a more substantial role in managing honeybee health-not limited to cases of notifiable diseases and official hygiene controls. This review discusses the veterinary diagnostic approach to adult bee examination with a special focus on diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common virus diseases Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV)-Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV)-Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV)-Complex, Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV) and Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), as well as coinfections like Varroa spp. and Nosema spp.

In 2019, 2 novel pharmaceutical agents for small animals were released on the German market: The non-steroidal, non-cyclooxygenase inhibiting anti-inflammatory agent grapiprant (Galliprant ® ) of the piprant class as well as fluorescein (Ophtorescein ® ), a xanthen dye-based diagnostic agent for corneal defects. One substance was authorized for an additional species: The antidiabetic protamine zinc insulin of human origin (ProZinc ® ) is now additionally authorized for dogs. Additionally, one veterinary drug with a new combination of active ingredients (fluralaner + moxidectin), 5 agents in a novel pharmaceutical formulation (acepromazine, chloramphenicol, dexamethasone, metronidazole, torasemide), one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration, as well as one agent (apomorphine) in a new primary packaging with extended opening stability have been launched on the market for small animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In 2019, one novel pharmaceutical agent for horses or food-producing animals was released on the German market: An injection suspension for horses containing chondrogenic-induced equine allogeneic peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells as the active ingredient (ArtiCell ® Forte) is now available. Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became accessible for additional species: a salicylanilide anthelmintic oxyclozanide (Distocur ® ) for the treatment and control of fascioliasis in sheep as well as a type-I synthetic pyrethroid permethrin (Z-Itch ® ), which now has additionally been authorized for donkeys. Additionally, one veterinary drug with a new combination of active ingredients (toltrazuril + gleptoferron), 2 drugs (permethrin, omeprazole) in a new pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a novel route of administration, one drug (amprolium) with a higher content of the active ingredient, as well as one active substance (butylscopolaminium bromide) in mono-preparation have been launched on the market for horses and food-producing animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In 2018, no new active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for horses or food-producing animals. One established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredient became available for an additional species: the inhalant anesthetic Isoflurane (Isofluran Baxter ® vet) from the group of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds was additionally authorized for pigs (piglets). With Acepromazine, Mepivacaine and Oxyclozanide, three temporarily non-available active ingredients were reapproved in new drugs. Additionally, one drug with a new combination of active ingredients and one drug with a new pharmaceutical form were launched on the market for horses and food-producing animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In 2018, two active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals: the ectoparasiticide of the isoxazoline group Lotilaner (Credelio ® ) and the opioid analgesic Tramadol (Tralieve ® ). Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Meloxicam (Metacam ® ) from the oxicam group for guinea pigs and the inhalant anesthetic Sevoflurane (Sevoflo ® ) from the group of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, which has additionally been authorized for cats. With the combination of Benzylpenicillin-Benzathine and Benzylpenicillin-Procaine, one temporarily non-available combination of active ingredients was reapproved in new drugs. Additionally, one drug with a new pharmaceutical form and one drug with a higher content of the active ingredient have been launched on the market for small animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In 2017 the active pharmaceutical ingredient Lokivetmab (Cytopoint®), a caninized anti-canine Interleukin 31 monoclonal antibody, was released on the German market for small animals. One substance was authorized for an additional species. Sarolaner, an ectoparasiticide of the isoxazoline group, is now authorized for use in combination with Selamectin (Stronghold® Plus) additionally for cats. The testosterone derivate Nandrolone (Nandrosol®) and the combination of the benzodiazepine Zolazepam with the "dissociative anesthetic" Tiletamine (Zoletil®) were once again authorized. Furthermore, two veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients, one drug with a new active ingredient and two veterinary drugs with a new pharmaceutical form have been launched on the market for small animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Schattauer GmbH.)

In 2017, no new active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for horses or food-producing animals. Four established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: the ectoparasitic Fluralaner (Exzolt®) of the isoxazoline group was additionally authorized for chickens, the macrolide antibiotics Gamithromycin (Zactran®) and Tulathromycin (Draxxin®) for sheep and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Tolfenamic Acid (Tolfedol®) from the fenamate group for cattle and pigs. Additionally, one drug with a new combination of active ingredients, one drug with a new pharmaceutical form and one drug with a new mode of administration have been launched on the market for horses and food-producing animals., Competing Interests: Die Autorin bestätigt, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Schattauer GmbH.)

In 2016, only one newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredient for horses and food-producing animals was released on the German market for veterinary drug products. The immunomodulator Pegbovigrastim is now available as an injection solution for cattle (Imrestor ® ). Four established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients are available for further species: the ectoparasitic Amitraz (Apitraz ® ) from the triazapentadiene group was additionally authorized for honeybees, the expectorant Bromhexine (Exflow ® Vet) for chickens, turkeys and ducks and the macrolide antibiotic Gamithromycin (Zactran ® ) for pigs. The dopamine D 2 receptor agonist Cabergolin (Velactis ® ) was released for dairy cattle. However, the authorization was suspended a few months after market introduction because of severe side effects. Additionally, one veterinary drug with a new combination of active ingredients as well as one active substance in mono-preparation have been launched on the market for horses and food producing animals.

In 2016, two active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals: the mineralocorticoid Desoxycorticosterone (Zycortal ® ) and Sarolaner (Simparica ® ), an ectoparasiticide of the isoxazoline group. One substance has been authorized for an additional species; Fluralaner (Bravecto ® ), also an ectoparasiticide of the isoxazoline group, is now authorized for use in cats. Additionally, one veterinary drug with a new combination of active ingredients, one active substance in mono-preparation and two veterinary drugs with a new pharmaceutical form have been launched on the market for small animals.

In 2015, four newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredients for horses and food-producing animals were released on the German market for veterinary drug products. These were the bisphosphonate Clodronic Acid (Osphos®), the 5-hydroxytryptamine (2A) receptor antagonist Ketanserin (Vulketan®), the aminoglycoside antibiotic Paromomycin (Parofor®) and the antibiotic Thiamphenicol (TAF Spray®) from the fenicole group. With Chlorphenamine, a temporary not available active ingredient was reapproved in a new drug. Furthermore, three veterinary drugs with a new formulation as well as one product with a new strength and two products with a new combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients have been launched.

In 2015, four active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals. These were the calcium-channel blocker Amlodipine (Amodip®), the benzodiazepine Diazepam (Ziapam®), the allylamine antifungal agent Terbinafine (Osurnia®) and the loop diuretic Torasemide (UpCard®). One substance has been authorized for an additional species. The triazole antifungal drug Itraconazole (Fungitraxx®) is now authorized for use in ornamental birds.

In 2014, six active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals. Those are the ektoparasiticide of the isoxazoline group afoxolaner (NexGard®) and fluralaner (Bravecto®) and the neonicotinoid dinotefuran (Vectra 3D, Vectra Felis), the antidiabetic protamine zinc insulin of human origin (ProZinc®), the antifungal agent ketoconazole (Fugazid®) as well as the cytostatic drug oclacitinib (Apoquel®). Two substances were authorized for an additional species. The antiparasiticide eprinomectin and the antibiotic clindamycin were also authorized for use in cats. In addition, two active pharmaceutical ingredients, which were approved 2014 for use in human medicine and are of potential interest to veterinary medicine, are discussed. These are the antihypertensive drug riociguat and the urological substance mirabegron.

In 2014, no new active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for horses and food producing animals. One established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredient is avaibable for an additional species. The analgetic buprenorphine (Buprenodale® Multidose) has additionally been authorized for horses. Furthermore, four new preparations with a new pharmaceutical form, one drug with a new formulation, new galenics and a new indication, respectively, have recently been released to the market. Furthermore, the prostaglandin F2α analoque luprostiol is available again.

Opioid alkaloids were identified in the urine of horses during an anti-doping control and in a case of intoxication. In both cases, it was suspected that the horses had ingested poppy-contaminated feed. To verify this suspicion, possible opioid alkaloid sources in Germany were identified through a literature research. Additionally, the contaminated feed was botanically and chemically analysed. The results indicated that both cases were most probably caused by the poppy in the feed. This highlights the previously underestimated risk of an intake of poppy-contaminated feed in horses. Recommendations are formulated for the prevention of positive doping-test results and intoxications by poppy-contaminated feeds in horses. Furthermore, a threshold for morphine in urine samples in competing horses is proposed.

Obtaining sturgeon spawn in aquaculture is carried out with different objectives. Sturgeons are increasingly used for ornamental purposes or to serve as food. Previously, sturgeon roe was obtained primarily by surgical opening of the abdomen or during slaughter. Recently, in aquaculture roe has been increasingly produced by stripping off the eggs. In this new method it is necessary to synchronize spawn production by stimulating the fish through hormone usage. Therefore, the complete egg package can be taken from the fish, which avoids resorption disorders. This article discusses how this method can be evaluated from the perspective of drug law.

In 2013, only one newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredient for horses and food-producing animals was released on the German market for veterinary drug products. The ionophore monensin from the group of polyether antibiotics is now available as an orally administered continuous release intraruminal device for cattle (Kexxtone®). Furthermore, two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients are available for additional species: The antibiotic amoxicillin (Suramox®) is also authorized for ducks and turkeys and the dissociative anesthetic ketamine is now authorized for sheep, goats and dairy cattle. Additionally, one veterinary drug with a new pharmaceutical form as well as one product with a new strength have been launched on the market for veterinary drugs for horses and food producing animals.

In 2013, four active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals. Those are the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 dibotermin alfa (TruScient®), the ectoparasiticide of the oxadiazine group indoxacarb (Activyl®), the antiepileptic imepitoin (Pexion®) and the angiotensin-II1-receptor antagonist telmisartan (Semintra®). One substance was authorized for an additional species. The prolactin antagonist cabergoline is now also authorized for use in cats. In addition, three active pharmaceutical ingredients, which were approved in 2013 for use in human medicine and are of potential interest to veterinary medicine, are discussed. These are the antineoplastic ingredients dabrafenib, enzalutamide and vismodegib.

In 2012, two newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredients for horses and food producing animals were released on the German market for veterinary drug products. Those are the parenterally applicable first generation cephalosporin Cefalonium (Cepravin®) and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Suxibuzone (Danilon®). Furthermore, one established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredient is applicable to additional species: The anticoccidial Amprolium (Eimeryl®) has again been authorized for chicken and turkeys. Additionally, two veterinary drugs with a new formulation as well as three products with a new strength and one product with a new indication have recently been released to the veterinary drugs market for horses and food producing animals.

In 2012, three active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals. These are the anti-thyroid Carbimazole (Vidalta®), the opium-derived analgesic Fentanyl (Fentadon®) and the antiepileptic Potassium Bromide (Libromide®). One substance was authorized for an additional species. The insecticide Flumethrin in combination with Imidacloprid is now also authorized for use in cats. Furthermore, this preparation includes an interesting new pharmaceutical form for dogs and cats and a new combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients for dogs. In addition, three active pharmaceutical ingredients with approval for use in human medicine, which are of potential interest to veterinary medicine, entered the market in 2012. These are the antidiabetic Dapagliflozin, the antiepileptic Perampanel and the Somatostatin-analog Pasireotide.

In 2011, nine active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals. Those are the cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitor Cimicoxib (Cimalgex®), the opium-derived analgesic Methadone (Comfortan®), the antiemetic Metoclopramide (Emeprid®), the corticosteroid Mometasone furoate in combination with the antifungal agent Posaconazole (Posatex®), the fluorchinolone-antibiotic Pradofloxacin (Veraflox®), the insecticide Spinosad (Comfortis®), the cytostatic Toceranib (Palladia®) and the vitamin Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1 Laboratoire TVM). Two additional substances were authorized for additional species. The tetracycline-antibiotic Doxycycline is now available for carrier pigeons and the anticoccidial Toltrazuril in combination with Emodepside is likewise authorized for dogs. Furthermore, one new preparation with an interesting new pharmaceutical form and two products with a new strength were added to the market for small animals. In addition, four active pharmaceutical ingredients with approval for use in human medicine, which are of potential interest to veterinary medicine, entered the market in 2011. Those are the antiepileptic Retigabine, the ophthalmic Bromfenac, the psychotropic drug Dexamfetamine and the cytostatic Eribulin.

In 2011, three newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredients for horses and food producing animals were released on the German market for veterinary drug products. Two of these new products represent different drug classes of antibiotics, the polypeptide antibiotic Bacitracin (Bacivet™) and the macrolide antibiotic Clorsulon (Levatum®). The third product represents an anticestodal antiparasitic (Tildipirosin, Zuprevo®). Furthermore, three established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients were modified to allow their application for additional species. Thus the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sodium salicylate is now additionally authorised for turkeys and both the macrolide antibiotic Tilmicosin and the anticoccidial drug Toltrazuril are currently available for sheep. Additionally, two veterinary drugs with a new formulation as well as a veterinary drug for horses and food producing animals with a resourceful new combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients have recently been released.

In 2010, three new active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for horses and food-producing animals. These were gamithromycin (Zactran®), a new macrolide antibiotic, Monepantel (Zolvix®), a broad spectrum anthelmintic with a novel mechanism, and Pergolide (Prascend®), the first dopamine receptor agonist for animals. Two substances have been approved for additional species. The tetracycline antibiotic doxycycline is now also authorized for turkeys and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug firocoxib from the group of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors is now available for horses. Furthermore, four new preparations with an interesting new pharmaceutical form, one drug with a new formulation and two drugs, which are interesting because of other criteria, were added to the market for horses and food producing animals.

In 2010, no active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals. Furthermore, no additional substances were authorized for additional species. Only one drug with an interesting new pharmaceutical form, two products with a new strength and one drug, which is interesting because of other criteria, were added to the market for small animals. In addition, nine active pharmaceutical ingredients with approval for use in human medicine, which are of potential interest for veterinary medicine, entered the market in 2010. Those are the analgesic Tapentadol, the antiallergicum Bilastine, the antiarrhythmics Dronedarone and Vernakalant, the antihaemorrhagic Eltrombopag, the bronchodilator Roflumilast, the hormone Corifollitropin alfa, the laxative Prucalopride and the cytostatic Mifamurtide.

In 2009, five active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the German market for small animals. Those are the analgesic Buprenorphin (Buprenovet®), the cytostatic Masitinib (Masivet®), the antiepileptic Phenobarbital (Phenoleptil®) and the cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitors Mavacoxib (Trocoxil®) and Robenacoxib (Onsior®). Six additional substances were authorized for additional species. Benazepril, Cefalexin, Ivermectin und Ramipril are now available for cats, Emodepsid in combination with Praziquantel is likewise authorized for dogs and the combination Imidaclopird + Moxidectin is now also available for ferrets. Furthermore, two new preparations with an interesting new pharmaceutical form were added to the market for small animals. In addition seven active pharmaceutical ingredients with approval for use in human medicine which are of potential interest for veterinary medicine, entered the market in 2009. Those are the antiepileptic Eslicarbazepinacetat, the antihemorrhagic Romiplostim, the anticoagulant Prasugrel, the vasopressin-antagonist Tolvaptan as well as the cytostatics Azacitidin, Plerixafor and Vinflunin.