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Texts are indispensable tools used in a language teaching environment. They help students learn both implicitly and explicitly. This learning activity guides the future of the student. The individualization processes of memories that are combined together with qualified texts would be shorter and more qualified. There are many affective approaches and cognitive approaches in curriculum because raising individuals with adopted basic human values is a universal phenomenon that takes place in all the education programs. In today’s teaching processes, along with data mining, opinion mining is also included in educational processes. Equipping the input in students’ memories with positive poles (the literature used polar), in terms of value load, will directly lead to the observation of the positive affective behaviours in students. The learning outcomes under the title of education values in native language programs are basically a product of value load mining. This paper focuses on classifying the value loads of the words in the reading texts in the primary education of 7th and 8th grade Turkish textbooks as positive/neutral/negative. The study also attempts to determine the positive/neutral/negative value loads that the textbooks try to convey to the students. This study is a qualitative study and is structured with a document review method. Rapid Miner and MS Excel programs were used to acquire data, which was described in the context of value load that is transferred. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that, at the word level, the textbooks try to convey positive and negative values that are approximately the same ratio without using a certain systematic approach that would consider adjusting the text content for the grade levels.

Objective: Occipital artery anatomy should be well known in order to minimize complications that may occur in the occipital artery, which is closely adjacent to this nerve, during greater occipital nerve blockade. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the morphometric relationship of the occipital artery with neighboring anatomical structures in order to prevent damage during clinical applications. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using CTA images of the head and neck region of patients who applied to Balikesir University Medical Faculty Training and Research Hospital for various reasons between 2015 and 2021. In the study, CTA images of 85 individuals aged 35-63 years were evaluated morphometrically using Radiant DICOM viewer 64-bit computer software. The obtained data were transferred to SPSS Version 25 software and analyzed quantitatively. Results: According to the results obtained from the study, no significant difference was found between the variables and genders. As the age of the individual increased, it was observed that the left occipital artery was located more inferolateral to the external occipital protuberance. As a result of the data obtained, a negative correlation was observed between the closest distance between the right OA-ML and the right EOP-ML and the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. Conclusion: In line with the average values obtained as a result, it is thought that an injection to the central point of the triangular area, which is formed as a result of combining the reference points in the posterior occiput, may be safer in order to protect the occipital artery.

Aim: Epiglottic cartilage (EC) is an important larynx cartilage with elastic cartilage structure. Functionally, this structure, which acts as a gate between the larynx and the pharynx, can be damaged due to difficult intubation during the advancement of the endotracheal tube. The aim of this study; EC’s morphometric relationship with the surrounding anatomical structures is to be examined and to minimize the complications that occur in clinical applications in line with the data obtained. Materials and Methods: In the study, cervical MRI series of 79 females and 53 males aged 20 years and older were obtained from Balikesir University PACS system archive and analyzed retrospectively. The morphometric analysis of the obtained images was carried out by transferring them to the Radiant DICOM Viewer software. In the study, the distance of EC to the surrounding anatomical structures, the angle of the visceral region between the stalk of epiglottis (SE) and the thyroid cartilage (ThC), and the lengths of the fixed and free part of EC were evaluated. The data evaluated in the study were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The length values analyzed statistically in the study tended to be higher in male individuals than in female individuals. However; It was observed that the visceral region angle between SE and (ThC) tended to be higher in female individuals than in male individuals. Age and larynx length (LL), the distance of apex part of epiglottic cartilage (AEC) to root of tongue (RT), and the length of the free part of epiglottic cartilage (FEC) showed a positive correlation. The mean length of larynx was 2.45 ± 0.53 cm according to the determined reference points. Conclusion: As a result of the values reached, clinicians will be able to have an idea about the distance of AEC to RT by measuring the LL with palpation just before endotracheal intubation. Based on this, it is thought that possible EC injuries can be prevented by predicting difficult intubation.

In this study, the efficiency of halogen bonding strategies to control over the supramolecular assemblies of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) (B-1, B-2, and B-3) derivatives was explored. BODIPY cores were decorated with iodine (XB donor) and pyridine (XB acceptor) groups to promote halogen bonding formations. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of I⋯X (N, F) XB, which led to the impressive halogen-bonded supramolecular self-assembly of 2-D layers (B-1), 1-D ladder-like chains (B-2), and helical assembly (B-3). The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) showed the presence of σ holes on the outer tip of the iodine for all compounds. The SAPT analysis clarified the decomposition of interaction energies. The results revealed that the electrostatic forces have the largest contributions to XB in dimers of B-2, whereas dispersion components are the major source of XB interactions in dimers of B-1 and B-3. The additional AIM theory analysis showed the bond critical points (BCPs) between I⋯N, F which also confirm the presence of halogen bonding in B-1, B-2, and B-3.

Fluorescent labels and probes constitute an important class of organic materials used in the development of sensor systems and imaging platforms for various chemical and molecular biology applications. In the development of fluorescent labels and probes, multichromic environment-sensitive fluorophores are very important. In this work, novel triad systems, including subphthalocyanine, BODIPY and thiophene/thianaphthene units, were prepared and their molecular structures were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The optical properties of the subphthalocyanine–BODIPY–thiophene/thianaphthene triads were determined using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence (2D and 3D) spectroscopic methods and quantum chemical calculations. The data were analyzed by comparing the results of the final properties to those of the BODIPY- and subphthalocyanine-alone units. The compounds were also evaluated in live cell imaging using a breast cancer cell line. The novel subphthalocyanine–BODIPY–thiophene/thianaphthene triads displayed dual color emission, which is critically important for the development of novel systems particularly in biomedical applications such as bioimaging and cellular sensor systems.

Here, we present the first example of sp3 hybridized carbon centered (Csp3) tetrel bonding mediated 3D BODIPY assembly via the exceptional synergy of Csp3⋯N and Csp3⋯F pair interactions. The carbon tetrel bond interaction energies of Csp3⋯N and Csp3⋯F are amplified significantly as the size of the 1D chain grows from dimer to tetramer BODIPY units.

In this study, we have investigated the cheese starter culture as a microbial community through a question: can the metabolic behaviour of a co‐culture be explained by the characterized individual organism that constituted the co‐culture? To address this question, the dairy‐origin lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, commonly used in cheese starter cultures, were grown in pure and four different co‐cultures. We used a dynamic metabolic modelling approach based on the integration of the genome‐scale metabolic networks of the involved organisms to simulate the co‐cultures. The strain‐specific kinetic parameters of dynamic models were estimated using the pure culture experiments and they were subsequently applied to co‐culture models. Biomass, carbon source, lactic acid and most of the amino acid concentration profiles simulated by the co‐culture models fit closely to the experimental results and the co‐culture models explained the mechanisms behind the dynamic microbial abundance. We then applied the co‐culture models to estimate further information on the co‐cultures that could not be obtained by the experimental method used. This includes estimation of the profile of various metabolites in the co‐culture medium such as flavour compounds produced and the individual organism level metabolic exchange flux profiles, which revealed the potential metabolic interactions between organisms in the co‐cultures., Co‐cultures of lactic acid bacteria were investigated using dynamic genome‐scale metabolic modelling techniques. Özcan and co‐workers estimated the metabolic capacity, microbial abundance, potential of flavour compounds production and metabolic interactions of the co‐cultures using the features of individual organisms that constituted the co‐cultures.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı formaldehitin testis dokusu üzerine olan toksik etkileri ve oluşan bu toksik etkilere karşı üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının koruyucu etkisini biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik düzeylerde araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma için toplam 21 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Rastgele olarak yedişerli üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup I’deki sıçanlar kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. Grup II’deki sıçanlara gün aşırı olarak formaldehit intraperitonel olarak enjekte edildi. Grup III’deki sıçanlara ise gün aşırı formaldehit enjeksiyonu ile birlikte her gün intragastrik olarak üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktı uygulandı. 30 günlük deney süresi sonunda tüm sıçanlar kanları alındıktan sonra dekapitasyon yöntemi ile öldürüldü ve testisleri diseke edilerek diğer dokulardan ayrıldı. Alınan testis dokularının bir kısmı süperoksitdismutaz (SOD), total antioksidantstatus (TAS), testosteron ve malondialdehit (MDA) seviyelerinin analizi için ayrıldı. Diğer kısımları ise histopatolojik çalışmada kullanılmak üzere ayrıldı. Bulgular: Formaldehit uygulanan sıçanlara ait SOD ve TAS değerlerine bakıldığında; kontrol grubu ve üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktı ile tedavi edilen gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde azalmadığı görüldü. Testosteron düzeyleri incelendiğinde ise üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktı uygulanan grubun kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı saptandı. Ayrıca formaldehit maruziyeti sonrası intersitisyel ödemin ve seminifer tübül lümenlerindeki genişlemenin azaldığı, seminifer tübül içindeki germ hücre sayısının normale yakın olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Formaldehitin testis dokusunda zararlı etkiler oluşturduğu ve üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının bu etkilere koruyucu etki gösterdiği belirlendi., Objective: The aim of this study is to, investigate the toxic effects of formaldehyde on testicular tissue and the protective effect of grape seed extract against these toxic effects at biochemical and histopathological levels. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 21 male Wistar-Albino rats were divided in to three groups. First group rats were used as control. Second group rats were injected intraperitoneal every other day with formaldehyde. Thirth group rats were administered grapeseed extract with intragasticin jection of formaldehyde. After thirty days, all rats were killed by decapitation after blood samples were taken. The testes of rats were removedand dissected from the surrounding tissue. The activites of superoxidedismutase (SOD), total antioxidanteserume (TAS), testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the some of testicular tissues pecimens. There maining testicular tissues pecimens were used for histopathological examination. Results: The activities of SOD and TAS were examined in second group; they were not significantly decreased. It was seendecrease of testosterone degrees in rat sadministered grapeseed extract with exposure of formaldehyde compared to control group. Furthermore, histopathological damages caused by formaldehyde were restored in this group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposure caused to harmful effects in testes tissue and grapeseed extract have protective effects to these damages.

Özet: Derlem çalışmaları dilin sözvarlığını ortaya koymaları bakımından özellikle sözlükbilim çalışmalarına önemli veriler sunar. Bu veriler arasında sözcüğün sıklık değeri yer alır. Sıklık, “derlemde bir dilsel öğenin kaç defa geçtiğini gösteren yüzdelik değer” olarak tanımlanmaktadır (Y. Aksan, Mersinli & Yaldır, 2011, s. 397). Türkçe Ulusal Derlemi (TUD)’nin (Y. Aksan, Aksan, Koltuksuz, Sezer, Mersinli, Demirhan & Yıldız 2012) çıktılarından biri olan “Türkçe Sıklık Sözlüğü: Öğrenenler için Temel Sözvarlığı”nın (Y. Aksan, Aksan, Mersinli & Demirhan, 2017), gerek anadil konuşucularını hedef alan genel sözlüklerin, gerekse yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenici sözlüğünün hazırlanma sürecinde önemli bir kaynak olduğu yadsınamaz. Bu bağlamda da bir dilde sıkça kullanılan sözcüklerin sözlükte yer almasının gerekliliği göz ardı edilemez. Bu nedenle dilde sık kullanılan sözcüklere, Aksan’ın (2004, s. 376) da belirttiği gibi, sözlükte “maddebaşı değerinin verilmesi” gerekmektedir. Örneğin İngilizce gibi dillerde yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında, sıklık değerlerinin hem genel sözlüklerde hem de pedagojik sözlüklerde farklı biçimlerde de olsa sıkça kullanıldığı görülmektedir. 1960’lardan itibaren sözlüklerde kullanılmaya başlanan genel derlem verileri (Faaß, 2017), 1990’lardan itibaren Longman ve Collins öğrenici sözlüklerinde sıklık verilerinin sayısal olarak sözlük kullanıcılarıyla paylaşılması biçiminde kendini gösterektedir (Kilgarriff, 1997). Bu veriler ışığında, sıklık değerlerinin hem genel olarak anadili konuşucuları hem de Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenenler için hazırlanacak sözlüklerde sözlük maddebaşı seçimi ve maddebaşı anlam sıralamasında yardımcı bir öge olarak kullanılması, buna ek olarak sözcüklerin sıklık görünümlerinin sözlükte kullanıcılaragösterilmesi sözlük hazırlama sürecinde olumlu yönde fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, derlem verilerinden elde edilen sıklık değerlerinin sözlük hazırlama sürecinde nasıl kullanıldığı İngilizce ve Türkçe sözlükler arasında bir karşılaştırma yapılarak ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.

Combination of graphene sheets with various organic/inorganic functional groups could enhance the applications of graphene-based hybrid materials. Among them, BODIPY dyes are critically important due to their unique photonic properties and cyclophosphazenes are an excellent scaffold to anchor two or more chromophores. Thus, many attractive photonic characteristics can be shown in graphene/cyclophosphazene–BODIPY hybrid systems. Herein, the construction, synthesis and development of graphene-based hybrids (GO-CP–BODIPY) for enhanced photosensor applications were shown. Moreover, the photo-electrochemical properties of the novel hybrids were studied in particular using a photoconductivity measurement system. The produced photodiodes were quite sensitive to exposure light and exhibited photoconducting behavior under illumination light. The values of ideality factor and barrier height, which are two of the basic electrical parameters of a photodiode, were determined with the help of current–voltage characteristics for different light intensities. In addition to the dark current, it was found that a photocurrent was formed by the effect of illumination. Furthermore, the capacitance versus time measurements performed at different light intensities showed that the device exhibited photocapacitive behavior. It is considered that the produced device in this study could be used in organic-based optoelectronic applications, especially as a photodiode or photosensor.

Solution-processed organic photodiodes can function as thin-film candidates for solid-state photosensors in various optoelectronic applications due to the physical and chemical tuneability. In spite of their exclusive optical, structural, and electronic properties, the development of BODIPY based organic phodiodes has lagged behind that of other luminescent chromophore units. Here, we demonstrate the design, synthesis, and characterization of new BODIPY decorated triazine tripods for next-generation solution-processed photosensor applications. The photophysical and thermal properties of the BODIPY decorated triazines were determined. Furthermore, the photo-electrochemical properties of the synthesized compounds have been studied in detail using a photoconductivity measurement system. The potential of the prepared diodes as sensors in solar tracking systems has been investigated. Also, quantum chemical calculations were applied to those compounds to examine the effect of both OH groups and different binding positions on those compounds in comparison with experimentally observed data. As a potential application area, the photodiode properties of the designed molecules were tested here. The obtained photoelectrical results indicate that BODIPY decorated triazine tripod based photodiodes can be used as a photosensor in optic control systems.

In this study, a set of bio-compatible and NIR emissive BODIPY-subphthalocyanine dyads (SP–DBD1–3) that contain amphiphilic triethyleneglycol units supporting partial water solubility and red absorbing BODIPY monomers (DBD1–3) were prepared. The photophysical and photochemical activities of these monomers, including fluorescence behaviors, singlet oxygen production, absorption, and emission profiles were investigated. The effect of the presence of halogen atoms and the BODIPY unit in dyads on the ability of generating singlet oxygen was evaluated. BODIPY-subphthalocyanine dyads showed two absorption bands at about 550 nm and 650 nm and high singlet oxygen quantum yields (up to 91%) at room temperature. The weaker fluorescence emissions, shorter fluorescence lifetimes but better singlet oxygen production capacities of dyads compared to those of BODIPY monomers have been explained via the energy transfer process from the donor subphthalocyanine unit to the acceptor BODIPY part, supporting ISC. Also, in vitro studies underlined that the novel compounds (DBD1, DBD2, SP–DBD-2, and SP–DBD3) were successful in terms of the induction of cell death under red light; however, they did not affect the cells in dark, indicating these compounds as agents that can be used in photodynamic therapy in vivo in further studies.

BODIPY is an important fluorophores due to its enhanced photophysical and chemical properties including outstanding thermal/photochemical stability, intense absorption/emission profiles, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and small Stokes' shifts. In addition to BODIPY, indole and its derivatives have recently gained attention because of their structural properties and particularly biological importance, therefore these molecules have been widely used in sensing and biosensing applications. Here, we focus on recent studies that reported the incorporation of indole-based BODIPY molecules as reporter molecules in sensing systems. We highlight the rationale for developing such systems and evaluate detection limits of the developed sensing platforms. Furthermore, we also review the application of indole-based BODIPY molecules in bioimaging studies. This article includes the evaluation of indole-based BODIPYs from synthesis to characterization and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of developed reporter systems, making it instructive for researchers in various disciplines for the design and development of similar systems.

The molecular design, synthesis, and characterization of an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) semiconductor BDY-Ph-2T-Ph-BDY comprising a central phenyl-bithiophene-phenyl π-donor and BODIPY π-acceptor end-units is reported. The semiconductor shows an optical band gap of 2.32 eV with a highly stabilized HOMO/LUMO (-5.74 eV/-3.42 eV). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals D-A dihedral angle of ca. 66° and strong intermolecular "C-H ⋅⋅⋅ π (3.31 A)" interactions. Reduced π-donor strength, increased D-A dihedral angle, and restricted intramolecular D-A rotations allows for both good fluorescence efficiency (ΦF =0.30) and n-channel OFET transport (μe =0.005 cm2 /V ⋅ s; Ion /Ioff =104 -105 ). This indicates a much improved (6-fold) fluorescence quantum yield compared to the meso-thienyl BODIPY semiconductor BDY-4T-BDY. Photophysical studies reveal important transitions between locally excited (LE) and twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) states in solution and the solid state, which could be controlled by solvent polarity and nano-aggregation. This is the first report of such high emissive characteristics for a BODIPY-based n-channel semiconductor.

Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris is an obligate heterolactic fermentative lactic acid bacterium that is mostly used in industrial dairy fermentations. The phosphoketolase pathway (PKP) is a unique feature of the obligate heterolactic fermentation, which leads to the production of lactate, ethanol, and/or acetate, and the final product profile of PKP highly depends on the energetics and redox state of the organism. Another characteristic of the L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris is the production of aroma compounds in dairy fermentation, such as in cheese production, through the utilization of citrate. Considering its importance in dairy fermentation, a detailed metabolic characterization of the organism is necessary for its more efficient use in the industry. To this aim, a genome-scale metabolic model of dairy-origin L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris ATCC 19254 (iLM.c559) was reconstructed to explain the energetics and redox state mechanisms of the organism in full detail. The model includes 559 genes governing 1088 reactions between 1129 metabolites, and the reactions cover citrate utilization and citrate-related flavor metabolism. The model was validated by simulating co-metabolism of glucose and citrate and comparing the in silico results to our experimental results. Model simulations further showed that, in co-metabolism of citrate and glucose, no flavor compounds were produced when citrate could stimulate the formation of biomass. Significant amounts of flavor metabolites (e.g., diacetyl and acetoin) were only produced when citrate could not enhance growth, which suggests that flavor formation only occurs under carbon and ATP excess. The effects of aerobic conditions and different carbon sources on product profiles and growth were also investigated using the reconstructed model. The analyses provided further insights for the growth stimulation and flavor formation mechanisms of the organism. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FEN-C-DRP-091116-0498 2214-A Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu Funding information This work received financial support from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey through TUBITAK 2214-A program and the Marmara University Scientific Research Project Fund through Project No: FEN-C-DRP-091116-0498.

Organic luminescent compounds with high emission properties play a crucial role in fluorescence labelling and optoelectronic devices. In this work, we prepared three water soluble BODIPY derivatives (B-4, B-5, and B-6) which are weakly fluorescent due to non-radiative relaxation pathways (charge transfer: CT or heavy atom effect). However, CB[7] significantly improves BODIPY fluorescence by similar to 10 fold for B-4, and by similar to 3 fold for B-5. The (TD)DFT analyses suggest that for B-4 and B-5, the CT state is blue-shifted as a result of the external binding of CB[7] near the pyridinium groups. This effect favoured a radiative decay through a locally-excited (LE) pi ->pi* transition state of BODIPYs resulting in a CB[7]-induced emission increase in solution (and in the solid state), without compromising singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing (ISC). The improved emission of the BODIPY center dot CB[7] complexes was used for the fluorescence imaging of U87 cells illustrating the relevance of this approach. These results suggest that BODIPY center dot CB[7] complexes could be used as theragnostic agents by combining fluorescence imaging and treatment by photodynamic therapy.

The ability to tune optical features of BODIPY materials is essential for their photo-related application. However, it is challenging to efficiently tune the crystal packing of BODIPY derivatives because of their complex nature. In this study, such control of BODIPY supramolecular assemblies was achieved by designing a BODIPY containing a halogen bond (XB) acceptor (–NO2) and donor (I, Br) to mediate halogen bonding interactions. The mono halogenated 2 and 4 was unable to form XB, whereas 3 and 5 formed isostructural mono-coordinate motif 3, 5-I (1D tubular structure) and symmetric bifurcated motif 5-II (1D zig-zag chains structure) via N-O···I,Br XB interactions. The results show that the dispersion and electrostatic component are the major source of 3, 5-I and 5-II XB formations. The XB interaction between –NO2 and X (I, Br) promote singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing and triplet-to-singlet reverse intersystem crossing due to delocalization of oxygen electrons partially onto the Br and I. Then this interaction leads to unexpected fluorescence enhancement of 5-II. Finally, the indirect optical band gaps of the 3, 5-I and 5-II were able to be tuned in the range of 1.9–2.50 eV via XB driven crystal packings.

One of the main features of Turkish as a Foreign Language coursebooks is that they contain the necessary vocabulary for students who learn Turkish as a foreign language during their learning process. In this respect, it is aimed that the students develop their vocabulary as much as possible with the words they learn from these coursebooks which are used in daily language, especially at advanced levels. For this reason, the textbooks published in this field include reading texts on different subjects and contents, in order to improve and reinforce the students' vocabulary. Reading texts should not only improve students' reading comprehension skills but also reinforce and improve their existing vocabulary. If the selection of the words to be included in the reading texts are made according to certain criteria, it increases the quality of the textbook, moreover, it contributes positively to the vocabulary skills of the students. With these benefits in mind, the selection of words in reading texts in Turkish as a foreign language coursebooks must be made according to certain criteria. In this respect, it can be said that a student who has reached the B2 language level can be considered to know the most commonly used words of Turkish, because B2 language level is an advanced level in which the learner has started to use the language with much comfort and has no difficulty in understanding written texts. Therefore, theoretically speaking, students who reach a certain language level, such as B2, are assumed to know the common and frequent words as well as the basic words of that language. In this study, it is aimed to reveal whether there is a concurrence between the words used in the reading texts in Turkish as a foreign language coursebooks and the most frequent words cited in the Turkish Frequency Dictionary. In line with the results obtained from this study, the structure of the vocabulary at B2 level in reading texts in Turkish as a Foreign Language coursebooks will be revealed and a critical perspective will be developed on the selection of the words in the reading texts in those textbooks. It is believed that the outcomes of the study will be beneficial for the field of teaching Turkish as a foreign language and the coursebooks that are used in this field to be more qualified and more target oriented.

The ability to tune optical features of BODIPY materials is essential for their photo-related application. However, it is challenging to efficiently tune the crystal packing of BODIPY derivatives because of their complex nature. In this study, such control of BODIPY supramolecular assemblies was achieved by designing a BODIPY containing a halogen bond (XB) acceptor (–NO2) and donor (I, Br) to mediate halogen bonding interactions. The mono halogenated 2 and 4 was unable to form XB, whereas 3 and 5 formed isostructural mono-coordinate motif 3, 5-I (1D tubular structure) and symmetric bifurcated motif 5-II (1D zig-zag chains structure) via N-O···I,Br XB interactions. The results show that the dispersion and electrostatic component are the major source of 3, 5-I and 5-II XB formations. The XB interaction between –NO2 and X (I, Br) promote singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing and triplet-to-singlet reverse intersystem crossing due to delocalization of oxygen electrons partially onto the Br and I. Then this interaction leads to unexpected fluorescence enhancement of 5-II. Finally, the indirect optical band gaps of the 3, 5-I and 5-II were able to be tuned in the range of 1.9–2.50 eV via XB driven crystal packings.

Çalışmamız, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin, anatomi pratik eğitimi sırasında karşılaştıkları zorlukların belirlenebilmesi ve çözümlenmesi ile birlikte anatomi pratik derslerinin daha etkili bir yönteme dönüştürülmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu noktadan yola çıkılarak, anatomi eğitimine yeni başlamış ve anatomi eğitimini bitirmek üzere olan toplam 226 öğrenci çalışmamıza dahil edilmiştir. Bu öğrencilere, açık uçlu ve çoktan seçmeli sorulardan oluşan 30 soruluk anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Anket uygulaması tamamlandıktan sonra elde edilen yanıtlar, SPSS 21 paket programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamıza katılan öğrencilerden 225’i (%99,6), anatomi dersinin işlenişi hakkında kendilerinin de fikirlerinin alınması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bunun yanında, anatomi eğitimi için vazgeçilmez olan kadavra gösteriminin yanı sıra, radyolojik görüntülerin de yardımcı eğitim aracı olarak kullanılması gerektiğini düşünmektedirler (%72,6). Elde edilen bulgular, anatomi pratik eğitiminin daha etkili bir yöntemle ilerleyebilmesi için tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin fikirlerinin alınmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

In this study, subphthalocyanine–borondipyrromethene conjugates have been successfully designed and synthesized. The novel compounds were fully characterized by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The photophysical properties of the conjugates were investigated by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in benzene solutions. The results showed that while the absorption spectra of both conjugates remain almost the same, compound 5 has a better fluorescence behavior and higher energy transfer efficiency. To test the effect of the replacement of the methyl group in the conjugates, Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the equilibrium geometries of the ground state for the conjugates. The torsional angle of the BODIPY with reference to Sub-Pc in compound 5 (−125.4°) was different than that in compound 6 (−91.4°). This planarization results in a decrease in the orbital energy of the BODIPY unit in compound 5, making a smaller gap for the energy transfer mechanism between the BODIPY and Sub-Pc unit. In addition, their photodiode properties were tested here. The obtained phototransient current and capacitance results indicated that the devices exhibit both photodiode and photocapacitor properties. Therefore, it can be concluded that the subphthalocyanine–borondipyrromethene conjugate-based photodevices can be used as photodiodes in solar tracking systems.

Civilization is a unity of cultural wealth of all societies. There is a strong connection between the process of reaching from nationality to universality, reaching the level of modern civilization and translation. Societies need to be developed and renew themselves in cultural and intellectual fields as much as in political and economic ones. Development in cultural and intellectual fields can only be achieved by translating literary works written in foreign languages. The relation between Turks and Russians which continues for centuries has not been realized in cultural and intellectual fields on political and economic levels. The first literary translation from Russian to Turkish was published only towards the end of XIX. Century. In this paper, after covering translation works done before the Republican Period starting from the first literary translation from Russian to Turkish, systematic translation activity in the Republican period and translations from Russian literature to Turkish language will be discussed.

Automatic estimations of brain ventricles are needed to assess disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer Disease (AD). The objectives of this study are to evaluate the diagnostic performances of an automated volumetric assessment tool in estimating lateral ventricle volumes in AD and to compare this with Cavalieri's principle, which is accepted as the gold standard method. This is across-sectional volumetric study including 25 Alzheimer patients and 25 healthy subjects undergoing magnetic resonance images (MRI) with a 3D turbo spin echo sequence at 1.5 Tesla. The Atlas-based method incorporated MRIStudio software to automatically measure he volumes of brain ventricles. To compare the corresponding measurements, we used manual point-counting and semi-automatic planimetry methods based on Cavalieri's principle. Bland-Altman test results indicated an excellent agreement between Cavalieri's principle and the Atlas-based method in all volumetric measurements (p 0.05). We obtained a 64% sensitivity and 92% specificity for lateral ventricular volumes according to the Atlas-based method. AD subjects had significantly larger left and right lateral ventricle volume (LVV) when compared to control subjects in respect to three volumetric methods (p 0.01). Lateral ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) statistically increased 49.23% in measurements done with the point-counting method, 45.12% with the planimetry method, and 45.49% with the Atlas-based method in AD patients (p 0.01). As a result, the Atlas-based method may be used instead of manual volumetry to estimate brain volumes. Additionally, this method provides rapid and accurate estimations of brain ventricular volumes in-vivo examination of MRI.

Sözlükler, dillerin söz varlıklarının geleceğe aktarılmasını sağlayan en önemli araçlardır. Sözcüklerin anlamları, tarihsel gelişimleri, söylenişleri vb. konularda en önemli başvuru kaynaklarından olan sözlükler yüzyıllardır farklı amaçlara yönelik farklı nitelikte hazırlanagelmektedir. Boris Aleksandroviç Larin; dil tarihi, leksikoloji, diyalektoloji, leksikografi vd. birçok alanda nitelikli bilimsel çalışmaları olan XX.yy’ın önemli bilim insanlarından biridir. Girişimleriyle 1 Eylül 1960’ta Leningrad Devlet Üniversitesi (St. Petersburg Devlet Üniversitesi) Filoloji Fakültesi bünyesinde leksikografi alanında araştırmaları daha etkin ve verimli bir şekilde yürütmek ve farklı türde sözlükler yapmak amacıyla “Bölümlerarası Sözlük Merkezi” kurulmuştur. B. A. Larin tarafından merkezin çalışma alanı olarak bölgesel sözlükler, tarihsel sözlükler, yazar sözlükleri ve iki dilli yazar sözlükleri olmak üzere dört ana dal belirlenmiştir. 80’li yıllardan itibaren atasözleri, deyimler ve jargon da merkezin çalışma alanı kapsamına alınmıştır. Sözlük merkezi zamanla Kiev, Riga, Saratov gibi birçok farklı üniversitede sürdürülen leksikografi alanındaki çalışmaların koordinasyon merkezi haline gelmiştir. Bu alanda faaliyet gösteren ulusal ve uluslararası araştırma merkezlerinin çalışmalarının takip edilmesi, bu merkezlerle işbirliğine gidilmesi ve disiplinler arası çalışmalarla alanda teori ve uygulamalara bilgilerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla çalışmamızda günümüzde kurucusunun ismiyle anılan Boris Aleksandroviç Larin Bölümlerarası Sözlük Merkezi hakkında bilgi verilecek ve çalışmaları ele alınacaktır.

A new series of subphthalocyanine-borondipyrromethene scaffolds containing N -ethylcarbazole moiety have been successfully designed and synthesized. The identities of synthesized compounds were confirmed by using 1 H, 13 C NMR, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of the newly synthesized subphthalocyanine-borondipyrromethene conjugates were investigated via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, and toluene solution (1 × 10 −5 M). The targeted compounds exhibit a highly efficient energy transfer process, either from the excited borondipyrromethene to the subphthalocyanine core or from the excited subphthalocyanine to the mono or distyryl borondipyrromethene unit. The time resolved fluorescence studies of the subphthalocyanine- borondipyrromethene conjugates were also examined.

A novel on/off fluorescent indole/BODIPY-based Cu2+ chemosensor (3) was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of BODIPY derivative 1 with 2-methyl-indole-3-carbaldehyde 2. The identity of compound 3 was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Fluorescent chemosensor (3) is found to be highly selective and sensitive for detection of Cu2+ with a color change from purple to yellow. The optical sensor features for the Cu2+ complex of 3 were investigated by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The addition of Cu2+ caused quenching of fluorescence intensity and the detection limit was calculated to be 0.124 μM. Also, the stoichiometry ratio of 3+Cu2+ was obtained 2:1 by Job’s plot. Live cell image, flow cytometry and cytotoxic properties of compound 3 were examined.

A new type of fluorescent chemosensor based on a novel cyclotriphosphazene appended phenanthroline derivative was synthesized and its sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Addition of an Al3+ ion to an acetonitrile solution of the phenanthroline derivative exhibited a significant increase of fluorescence emission intensities, while 18 other metal ions induced no spectral changes. This phenanthroline derivative, as a candidate for an OFF-ON fluorescent chemosensor for Al3+, was found to be highly selective and sensitive with a low limit of detection (1.825 μg L−1).

Novel fluorescent anthracene-decorated cyclotri- and cyclotetraphosphazenes (5 and 6) are designed and synthesized, and their chemosensor behaviors against nitroaromatic compounds are examined by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies for addressing the sensors with cyclophosphazenes for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene detection. The fluorescence intensities of (5 and 6) are found to be selectively quenched by only 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene through the non-covalent pi center dot center dot center dot pi stacking interactions between anthracene-substituted cyclophosphazenes and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. In addition, cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculation of novel sensor systems are studied. The proposed fluorescent sensor systems are critical in terms of practical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In newly established fields of science, unity in the terms provides a great benefit. This benefit is not necessarily restricted to the unity itself. In addition to that, this unity acts a basis for the upcoming works in the field and also contributes to the continuity of the field. Since dictionary research is a relatively new field of study, differences in terms could be observed. The aims of this article is focus on the different usages of terms used in dictionary research studies in specific terms such as lexicography and lexicology, and offer recommendations to establish unity in terms used in dictionary research, Yeni gelişen bilim alanlarında terim birliği oluşturmak, o alanda yapılan çalışmaların gelişimine büyük katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu katkı, sadece birliğin sağladığı düzenle sınırlı kalmayıp söz konusu alanda yapılan çalışmaların, sonraki çalışmalara temel oluşturmasını ve alanın devamlılığına katkısı olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda sözlükbilim çalışmaları görece yeni bir alan olduğu için kimi terimlerin kullanımında farklılıklar gözlemlenmektedir. Bu yazının amacı, sözlük çalışmalarında rastlanan terim karmaşasını, özelde sözlükbilim ve sözlükçülük terimlerini mercek altına alarak incelemek ve gözlemlenen farklılıklardan yola çıkarak sözlük çalışmalarında terim birliğini sağlayabilmek için öneriler sunmaktır.

Systems-based investigation of diseases requires integrated analysis of cellular networks and high-throughput data of gene products. The use of genome-scale metabolic networks for such integration has led to the elucidation of cellular mechanisms for several cell types from microorganisms to plants. It has become easier and cheaper to generate high-throughput data over years in the form of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. This has tremendously improved the quality and quantity of information extracted from such data enabling the documentation of active pathways and reactions in cell metabolism. A number of omics-based datasets for several neurodegenerative diseases are now available in public repositories. This increases the potential of using genome-scale brain metabolic networks as a scaffold for this type of data to map metabolic alterations for the purpose of elucidating disease mechanisms and for the diagnosis and treatment of such disorders. This chapter first reviews omics data collected for neurodegenerative diseases to map their effect on metabolism. Later, the potential for genome-scale metabolic modeling of such data is reviewed and discussed in light of recently reconstructed brain metabolic networks at genome-scale.

The synthesized and sensing capability of two novel azaindole substituted mono and distyryl BODIPY dyes against bisulfate anion were reported. Structural characterizations of the targeted compounds were conducted by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Photophysical properties of the azaindole substituted BODIPY compounds were investigated employing absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in acetonitrile solution. It was found that the final compounds 3 and 4 exhibited exclusively selective and sensitive turn-off sensor behavior on HSO4- anion. Additionally, the stoichiometry ratio of the targeted compounds to bisulfate anion was measured 0.5 by Job's method. Also, density function theory was performed to the optical response of the sensor for targeted compounds. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of Azaindole-BODIPYs was examined against living human leukemia K562 cell lines.

GIRIS ve AMAC: Arastirma, yenidoganlarda sag ve sol elin ikinci ve dorduncu parmak uzunluklari orani ile kordon kani testosteron ve ostrojen hormonu duzeyi arasindaki iliskiyi arastirmak amaciyla yapilmistir. YONTEM ve GERECLER: Arastirma kapsamina, Eylul 2014 Ocak 2015 tarihleri arasinda, Balikesir Ataturk Devlet Hastanesi Dogum Kliniginde normal spontan vajinal dogum ile dunyaya gelen saglikli 100 bebek (50 erkek 50 kiz) alinmistir. Parmak uzunluklarinin tespitinde 0,01 mm’ye duyarli dijital bir kumpas kullanilarak elde edilen veriler, onceden hazirlanan calisma formuna kaydedilmistir. Kordon kani ise dogum eylemi sonrasinda klemplenip kesilen gobek kordonundan mikst kan olarak alinmis ve Balikesir Ataturk Devlet Hastanesi Laboratuvari’nda santrifuj edilip uygun saklama kosullarinda bekletildikten sonra Kemiluminesans Mikropartikul Immunolojik Test yontemiyle calisilmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde, SPSS 18 analiz programi kullanilmis ve kordon kani hormon duzeyleri ile parmak uzunluklari arasindaki korelasyonu tespit etmek icin independent sample t-testi uygulanmistir. BULGULAR: Arastirmada; erkek bebeklerde, sol el 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluklari, kiz bebeklerden anlamli derecede daha uzun cikmistir (p 0,05). TARTISMA ve SONUC: Sonuc olarak, yenidoganlarda kordon kani testosteron ve ostrojen hormonu duzeylerinin, sag ve sol el ikinci ve dorduncu parmak uzunluklari oranlarinin bir gostergesi olmadigi gorulmustur.

Systems-based investigation of diseases requires integrated analysis of cellular networks and high-throughput data of gene products. The use of genome-scale metabolic networks for such integration has led to the elucidation of cellular mechanisms for several cell types from microorganisms to plants. It has become easier and cheaper to generate high-throughput data over years in the form of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. This has tremendously improved the quality and quantity of information extracted from such data enabling the documentation of active pathways and reactions in cell metabolism. A number of omics-based datasets for several neurodegenerative diseases are now available in public repositories. This increases the potential of using genome-scale brain metabolic networks as a scaffold for this type of data to map metabolic alterations for the purpose of elucidating disease mechanisms and for the diagnosis and treatment of such disorders. This chapter first reviews omics data collected for neurodegenerative diseases to map their effect on metabolism. Later, the potential for genome-scale metabolic modeling of such data is reviewed and discussed in light of recently reconstructed brain metabolic networks at genome-scale.

The production of pullulan from synthetic medium by Aureobasidium pullulans DSM-2404 in air-lift and bubble column bioreactors was investigated. The kinetics of polysaccharide, pullulan and biomass production were determined. Maximum effective yield (g pullulan produced g −1 initial sugar) obtained in air-lift bioreactor ( Y P/S = 0.402) was found to be higher than that obtained in bubble column bioreactor ( Y P/S = 0.342). Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of three factors (initial sugar concentration, aeration rate and incubation time) on the concentration of pullulan in air-lift bioreactor for batch cultures of A. pullulans . No previous work has used statistical analysis in determining the interactions among these variables in pullulan production in an air-lift bioreactor. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the fit of the model was good in all cases. Initial sugar concentration, aeration rate and incubation time had a strong linear effect on pullulan concentration. Moreover, pullulan concentration was significantly influenced by the negative quadratic effects of the given variables and by their positive or negative interactions except the interaction between initial sugar concentration and incubation time ( P > 0.05). Maximum pullulan concentration of 38.77 g/L was obtained at the optimum levels of process variables (initial sugar concentration 95.2 g/L, aeration rate 1.93 vvm and incubation time 5.36 days)

AMAC: Calismamizda prefrontal korteks dokusu uzerine omega 3 yag asitlerinin olumlu etkilerinin biyokimyasal duzeyde incelenmesi amaclandi. YONTEMLER: Calismamiz esnasinda kullanilan 16 adet Wistar Albino cinsi eriskin erkek sican iki ayri gruba ayrildi. Grup I’deki sicanlar kontrol grubu olarak degerlendirildi ve intargastrik gavaj ile serum fizyolojik gun asiri zerk edildi. Grup II’deki sicanlara ise 0.4 g/kg dozdaki omega 3 yag asiti intragastrik gavaj yolu ile her gun verildi. Alti hafta devam eden deney suresi sonunda hayvanlar dekapite edilerek prefrontal korteks dokulari cikarildi. Alinan prefrontal korteks dokusu orneklerine ait superoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH – Px) enzim aktivasyonlari ile malondialdehit (MDA) duzeyleri spektrofotometrik olarak belirlendi. BULGULAR: Calismamiz neticesinde omega 3 yag asiti verilen hayvanlarin prefrontal korteks dokularinda SOD ve GSH – Px enzim aktiviteleri kontrol grubuna gore istatistiksel acidan anlamli bir artis gosterdi. MDA duzeyleri ise kontrol grubuna oranla anlamli bir dusus seyri gosterdi. SONUC: Sonuc olarak omega 3 yag asitlerinin beyin prefrontal korteks dokusundaki oksidatif hasara karsi onleyici bir etki yarattigi ve dolayisiyla bu doku uzerinde koruyucu bir islev yuruttugu tespit edildi.

Developments in genome scale metabolic modeling techniques and omics technologies have enabled the reconstruction of context-specific metabolic models. In this study, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one of the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumors, is investigated by mapping GBM gene expression data on the growth-implemented brain specific genome-scale metabolic network, and GBM-specific models are generated. The models are used to calculate metabolic flux distributions in the tumor cells. Metabolic phenotypes predicted by the GBM-specific metabolic models reconstructed in this work reflect the general metabolic reprogramming of GBM, reported both in in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. The computed flux profiles quantitatively predict that major sources of the acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid pool used in TCA cycle are pyruvate dehydrogenase from glycolysis and anaplerotic flux from glutaminolysis, respectively. Also, our results, in accordance with recent studies, predict a contribution of oxidative phosphorylation to ATP pool via a slightly active TCA cycle in addition to the major contributor aerobic glycolysis. We verified our results by using different computational methods that incorporate transcriptome data with genome-scale models and by using different transcriptome datasets. Correct predictions of flux distributions in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, TCA cycle and lipid precursor metabolism validate the reconstructed models for further use in future to simulate more specific metabolic patterns for GBM.

Last two decades, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as one of the main modalities in musculoskeletal imaging. With MR imaging, there is no emission of damaging ionizing radiation, and hence, this is one of the most important feature of this technique. With the excellent soft tissue contrast resolution it displays, MR imaging is being used as the primary modality in joint imaging and tumour staging. With the advances in coil technology, its usage accelerated in the relatively small joints such as elbow, wrist and hand.