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Sepsis causes millions of deaths per year worldwide and is a current global health priority declared by the WHO. Sepsis-related deaths are a result of dysregulated inflammatory immune responses indicating the need to develop strategies to target inflammation. An important mediator of inflammation is extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that is released by inflamed host cells and tissues, and also by bacteria in a strain-specific and growth-dependent manner. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which bacteria release ATP. Using genetic mutant strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), we demonstrate that ATP release is dependent on ATP synthase within the inner bacterial membrane. In addition, impaired integrity of the outer bacterial membrane notably contributes to ATP release and is associated with bacterial death. In a mouse model of abdominal sepsis, local effects of bacterial ATP were analyzed using a transformed E. coli bearing an arabinose-inducible periplasmic apyrase hydrolyzing ATP to be released. Abrogating bacterial ATP release shows that bacterial ATP suppresses local immune responses, resulting in reduced neutrophil counts and impaired survival. In addition, bacterial ATP has systemic effects via its transport in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). ATP-loaded OMV are quickly distributed throughout the body and upregulated expression of genes activating degranulation in neutrophils, potentially contributing to the exacerbation of sepsis severity. This study reveals mechanisms of bacterial ATP release and its local and systemic roles in sepsis pathogenesis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), fatigue is among the leading clinical symptoms. It is one of the most disabling symptoms for most MS people. Objectives: This research measures the prevalence of fatigue and its impact on the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial abilities of individuals with MS in Morocco. Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study included 152 participants. Data were collected via an online survey using the snowball method, incorporating sociodemographic characteristics and the Arabic version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. Results: According to the results, 89.4% of respondents experienced pathological fatigue, with an average score of 65.52 (± 18.00). There was a significant relationship between pathological fatigue, age (p = 0.0324), and clinical phenotype (p = 0.041). Fatigue negatively impacted participants’ physical, cognitive, and psychological capacities, with average scores of 70.38 (± 8.15), 62.28 (± 10.23), and 73.87 (± 1.86), respectively. Conclusion: The results of our study confirmed a high prevalence of fatigue among people with MS in Morocco. Sustained research in this field remains crucial, as it enables the formulation of strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of life for those impacted by MS. Contribution: This study is the first in Morocco to examine fatigue prevalence in people with MS and its impact on their physical, cognitive, and psychosocial abilities. High fatigue levels hinder the integration of people with MS into professional and student life. The findings emphasize the need for effective symptom and fatigue management.

Maintaining the health and welfare of broilers, besides obtaining and optimizing good performance, are the main objectives of poultry production. In response, climate control remains the most guaranteed strategy for managing livestock successfully. Separate controlling temperature and humidity on the one hand; and contaminant gases on the other was a focus of several investigations. Thus, the particularity of this work which involves the study, analysis, and control of broiler livestock building while taking into account, at the same time, all the system's constituent variables (i.e., temperature, humidity, NH3 and CO2 concentration, air velocity, and differential pressure). In this paper, an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers were designed and combined with a multi-loop approach for a multi-inputs multi-outputs (MIMO) system. Then, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) were used to obtain the optimal controllers' parameters employing the reward function, the Integrated Time Absolute Error (ITAE), according to the poultry system requirements. Simulation experiments were carried out using the Matlab Simulink toolbox to verify the effectiveness of all the proposed control methods with the two optimization algorithms regarding stabilization and tracking setpoints. Despite the introduction of several disturbances in the plant model, the PSO-ADRC controller still exhibits notable benefits in terms of rise time, overshoot, settling time, and good disturbance rejection, proving the robustness of the suggested control method.

Parmi les agrumes, les mandarines sont caractérisées par une grande diversité d'espèces, mais seules quelques variétés sont commercialisées. L’objectif de cette étude vise à caractériser et évaluer 70 variétés du mandarinier à partir du germoplasme des agrumes à l’INRA de Kenitra selon les critères morphologiques et physico-chimiques sur quatre années consécutives. Des différences hautement significatives ont été révélées pour tous les caractères étudiés. De même, le coefficient de maturité a permis de classer les variétés en trois groupes (Tardives, précoces et demi saison). Ces groupes offrent une grande possibilité de choix de parents pour la création de variétés améliorées de mandarinier à fruits sans pépins et ayant un potentiel de rendement élevé. De plus, l’analyse de cluster basée sur des données qualitatives et quantitatives a classé toutes les variétés en trois grands groupes dont chacun contient des variétés phénotypiquement proches. Le germoplasme de mandariniers pourrait soutenir un programme de création variétale et bénéficier d’une nouvelle stratégie de conservation ex situ.

This study aimed to identify the type of ectoparasite in the adult tilapia. For this study, 20 specimens of the tilapia fish, with an average weight of 247.68± 69.47g, were collected. The fish samples were placed in the rearing unit at the Higher Institute of Maritime Fisheries, Agadir, Morocco. The study was conducted from October 2023 to April 2024. 16 samples were examined in the physiology and oceanography laboratory. The samples were eviscerated to detect the parasite. The fish had ectoparasites in the gills, eyes, and on scales. The parasite was identified as Dactylogyrus sp. and was found only on the tilapia’s scales and in its gills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphogypsum (PG) is an acidic by-product that is created during the production of phosphoric acid using the sulfuric acid route. The management of PG poses a significant environmental challenge worldwide due to its large quantity and chemical composition. While PG primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate, it also contains various impurities such as phosphorus, fluoride, heavy metals, and radionuclides. These toxic impurities, when present in high concentrations, can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. In this review, we provide a detailed examination of the behavior of the most abundant impurities found in PG. Furthermore, we discuss the factors that influence the presence of different types of impurities in PG. Understanding the overall behavior of these impurities is crucial for selecting appropriate environmental methods for PG management and identifying suitable avenues for its valorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an efficient and sustainable procedure for converting phosphogypsum (PG) waste, along with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonia (NH3), into valuable materials. The results obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of this proposed procedure, resulting in the synthesis of relatively pure calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). The latter is recommended for agricultural use as a fertilizer, while the obtained CaF2 can be utilized in the metallurgical industry. Furthermore, this procedure not only offers a solution for reducing fluorine gas emissions and managing PG waste but also contributes to the conservation of fluorite reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a very attractive process for K2SO4 production via the wet conversion of phosphogypsum (PG) and K2CO3. A parallel study of the conversion of two synthetic types of gypsum by K2SO4 was performed in order to compare their reactivity with that of PG.We remark that PG is more reactive and yields the desired results while commercial types of gypsum react slowly and generate unwanted secondary products. The factors affecting the PG conversion processes such as the initial concentration of reagents, the reaction time and the reaction temperature was studied to optimize the reaction conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the PG conversion at different conditions while the other techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flame photometer (FP), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)) were applied to prove the quality of the final products.Based on the obtained results, the reaction is carried out with stoichiometric proportions between PG and K2CO3. The maximal conversion of PG is attained at 80 °C; this temperature corresponds to the higher solubility of K2SO4, which is 1.2 mol/l. Keywords: Wet conversion, Phosphogypsum, Potassium sulfate, Calcite, Synthetic gypsum, Syngenite

Adsorption of Chromium ions (VI) and (III) in aqueous solution was investigated using activated carbon prepared from olive wastes, by one step physical activation with steam. After adsorbent material characterization using adsorption capacity of methylene blue, iodine and phenol, BET surface area, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, pHpzc, surface functions based on the Boehm method and, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the effect of different parameters (initial pH, absorbent dosage, initial concentration of solutes, time) on the adsorption of chromium ions were carried out in a batch system. The obtained activated carbon has a large specific surface area of 1050,9 m2/g and good adsorption capacity for iodine (1017 mg/g) and methylene blue MB (349 mg/g), which confirm that its structure is essentially composed of micropores (61 % of the surface) and mesopores. It has a basic chemical nature. Experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of the prepared activated carbon was strongly dependent on solution pH. It was found that the initial pH of 2.0 was most favorable for Cr(VI) adsorption, and basic pH was best for Cr(III) removal. The adsorption process was studied using two kinetic models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) and three functions isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin). The results showed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order kinetics and the adsorption data were found to agree with the Langmuir isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) was 74,9 mg/g at pH 2, and 14,3 mg/g at pH 9 for Cr (III), and was comparable to results reported by other researchers working on activated carbon prepared from various solid wastes. Temperature effect was determined using the thermodynamic parameters. Negative values of ΔH0 and ΔG0 proved the feasibility of the adsorption process with its spontaneous and exothermic natures. Tests of desorption were performed in three different media: neutral (distilled water), acidic (2N hydrochloric and acetic acid solutions) and alkaline (2N NaOH solution). The magnitudes of desorption efficiency in the acetic acid medium were 94% and 71% for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) respectively.

Bacillus Calmette and Guérin (BCG), widely used as a vaccination to prevent tuberculosis, is also used as immunotherapy, by intrabladder instillation, to treat superficial bladder cancers and prevent recurrence. Complications following instillation of BCG are most often localized reactions, such as cystitis or hematuria. They can more rarely be generalized and potentially severe such as hepatitis, pneumopathies, aortitis, and localization to hematopoietic tissue. We have reported the observation of a 47-year-old patient followed up for a bladder tumor operated for transurethral resection of the bladder, then having benefited from an instillation of BCG therapy complicated by occurrence a week later of an acute hepatitis. The diagnostic time was 2 days, and the outcome was favorable with corticosteroid therapy.

L´atteinte génitale exclusive du psoriasis ne concerne que 2 à 5% des psoriasiques. Cette affection constitue un motif fréquent dans les consultations spécialisées dédiées aux muqueuses génitales masculines, puisqu´elle représente jusqu´à 24% des motifs de consultation.

Le cathétérisme sus pubien est une procédure alternative au sondage urétro-vésicale couramment utilisée pour le drainage urinaire à court ou à long terme. Un cathétérisme sus pubien prolongée peut être compliqué par une infection des voies urinaires, un blocage du cathéter, une incrustation, des spasmes vésicaux. L´incrustation du cathéter est une complication assez rare. Nous rapportons le cas d´un patient porteur d´un cathéter sus pubien pour une sténose de l´urètre pendant une longue durée. Il a ensuite reconsulté aux urgences pour rétention aigue des urines où le diagnostic d´une incrustation de son cathéter sus pubien a été confirmé. Le traitement était chirurgical par la réalisation d´une cystholithotomie à ciel ouvert.

Après cystectomie totale, le rétablissement du cours des urines s´impose. L´urétérostomie cutanée trans-iléale ou intervention de Bricker constitue une dérivation urinaire fréquemment utilisée, qui a apporté une alternative fiable à l´urétérostomie cutanée directe d´appareillage difficile, et à l´urétéro-sigmoido-stomie source de complications métaboliques et infectieuse. Notre travail est une étude transversale portant sur 24 cas de tumeurs de vessie traitées par cystectomie avec dérivation urinaire type Bricker au service d´urologie du CHU Hassan II Fès durant une période de 3 ans. L´objectif de ce travail est d´évaluer la qualité de vie de ces patients afin d´améliorer leur vécu.

Crossed fused renal ectopia is a rare congenital malformation, in which the two kidneys are on the same side with one of the ureters and fusion between the two parenchyma. The ureter of the ectopic kidney crosses the midline and implants normally in the bladder. This anomaly is most often asymptomatic and of incidental discovery. We report the case of a patient without similar cases in his family, presenting a crossed fused renal ectopia discovered fortuitously during a prostate hypertrophy assessment.

A data logger is an electronic device that senses temperature, relative humidity, and other characteristics such as voltage and pulse by combining analog and digital measurements with programming methods. Thus, data acquisition systems (DAQSs) are frequently used in PV facilities to capture all system data to analyze and optimize plant performance. The major purpose of the project is to create a low-cost DAQS. The suggested monitoring system has been used to continuously gather and display the electrical output characteristics of a stand-alone PV system. PV produced voltage, current, and power are examples of such parameters. Furthermore, because the PV module short circuit current is directly proportional to the molar concentration, the global solar radiation may be determined by monitoring it. The proposed system is considered a good solution for collecting the system database to be ready for the analysis and optimization of the PV plant’s performance. The configurations of software and hardware of the proposed system are presented, and the proposed system's performance is tested when integrated with a small size PV system.