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6 results on '"Encarnación Martínez Sabater"'

1. Is the Direct Soil Application of Two-Phase Olive Mill Waste (Alperujo) Compatible with Soil Quality Protection?

Author

Ana García-Randez, Evan A. N. Marks, María Dolores Pérez-Murcia, Luciano Orden, Javier Andreu-Rodriguez, Encarnación Martínez Sabater, María Teresa Cháfer, and Raúl Moral

Subjects
two-phase olive mill waste, alperujo, soil chemistry, polyphenols, soil quality, circular economy, Agriculture
Abstract

In Spain and other Mediterranean countries, significant quantities of semi-solid olive mill waste are generated, which should be preferentially applied to agricultural soils to close nutrient cycles. However, two-phase olive mill waste (termed alperujo in Spanish) is known to pose risks to soil quality and plant production when applied to soil in large quantities. Alperujo has high contents of polyphenol substances, which can inhibit microbial growth and are also phytotoxic in nature. However, when applied in appropriate quantities and following specific methods, it is possible that the practice may not pose any risks, and this requires evaluation. As a waste management option, direct application of alperujo can supply plant nutrients and organic matter to degradation-prone Mediterranean soils. In order to validate this circular economy fertilization and soil protection strategy, an 18-month field experiment was undertaken, applying moderate quantities of alperujo on permanent crop groves throughout the Spanish region of Valencia. Eleven experimental parcels with permanent crops managed by farmers were identified to test two scenarios: a single application of 10 t/ha, and a second application of 10 t/ha after 10 months. Soil chemical parameters were assessed at 0, 6, 10, and 18 months. Soil organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and polyphenol contents were modified by alperujo application, but these effects were highly transient in nature, with generally no lasting effects after 4–6 months for either application scenario. Also, qualitative evaluations carried out by farmers revealed few effects, although some reductions in erosive processes and improvements in plant vigor were noted. As such, based on the measured parameters, it is concluded that the direct soil application of alperujo olive mill wastes at low application rates did not lead to any lasting detrimental effects on soil quality or compromise the productivity of permanent crops in this Mediterranean region.

Published
2023
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2. Municipal Solid Waste Management in a Decentralized Composting Scenario: Assessment of the Process Reproducibility and Quality of the Obtained Composts

Author

Cristina Álvarez-Alonso, María Dolores Pérez-Murcia, Silvia Sánchez-Méndez, Encarnación Martínez-Sabater, Ignacio Irigoyen, Marga López, Isabel Nogués, Concepción Paredes, Luciano Orden, Ana García-Rández, and María Ángeles Bustamante

Subjects
community composting, biowaste, organic fertilizer, agronomic quality, heavy metals, pathogens, Agriculture
Abstract

Over the last several years, the models for organic waste management have changed to implement circular economy in the productive cycle. In this context, new scenarios have emerged, where the management of different organic waste streams by composting is conducted with decentralized models that manage organic wastes in a more local way. However, in these new models, the standardization of the process control and of the end-product characteristics is necessary to guarantee the quality and agronomic value of the compost obtained, avoiding potential risks for human health and the environment. Thus, the aim of this work was to study two different scenarios of community composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste separately collected in order to guarantee the effectiveness and reproducibility of the composting processes and the quality of the composts obtained. For this, the development of the process and the characteristics of the composts at agronomic, hygienic–sanitary and environmental levels were assessed in real conditions and during three cycles of the process. The results obtained show high similarity among the different composting cycles, indicating an important degree of reproducibility among the processes. In addition, the composts obtained showed a good sanitary quality, absence of phytotoxicity and low contents of potentially toxic elements, which guarantee their use in agriculture without posing any risk to human health and to the environment.

Published
2023
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3. Enhancing Sustainability in Intensive Dill Cropping: Comparative Effects of Biobased Fertilizers vs. Inorganic Commodities on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Crop Yield, and Soil Properties

Author

Encarnación Martínez-Sabater, María Dolores Pérez-Murcia, Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez, Luciano Orden, Enrique Agulló, José Sáez-Tovar, Juan Martínez-Tome, María Ángeles Bustamante, and Raul Moral

Subjects
Explotación Agrícola Intensiva, Rendimiento de Cultivos, Organic Amendments, Propiedades Físico-Químicas Suelo, Riego, Intensive Farming, Eneldo, Anethum graveolens L, organic amendments, GHG, drip irrigation, Crop Yield, Soil Chemicophysical Properties, Enmiendas Orgánicas, Dill, Agronomy and Crop Science, Anethum graveolens, Irrigation
Abstract

The treatment and valorization of organic solid waste has become a promising alternative to increase intensive crop productivity while reducing its environmental impact. Currently, reusing improved organic waste as novel biofertilizers is a vital tool to adapt semiarid agricultural regions to climate change, but this has been scarcely studied in aromatic crops. The present study aims to assess the greenhouse gas emissions, soil properties, and crop yield of a dill crop using a drip irrigation system with a normalized N application rate of 160 kg N ha−1. We compare eight different fertilizing scenarios grouped into organic-based (manures and compost) and inorganic-based inputs (NPK commodities and slow-release formulations). GHG fluxes were measured during the 57-day fertigation period using static chambers. Key soil properties were measured previous to fertilizer applications and at harvest, coinciding with crop yield estimations. An increase in soil organic carbon was observed with stabilized organic treatments at 0–20 cm soil depth. The results show that stabilized organic-based materials lowered NO3− concentrations in dill biomass more than synthetic fertilizers, producing similar yields to those with synthetic fertilizers. In general, N2O emissions were positively affected by the treatments. Local specific emission factors for N2O were determined (0.08%), which were substantially lower than the default value (0.51%) of IPCC. The cumulative CO2 emissions were high in all the organic scenarios compared to the control treatment (277 kg C-CO2 ha−1), probably due to differences in labile organic C contents. Organic-based treatments showed multiple positive effects on crop quality, crop yields, and GHG mitigation potential. The use of organic amendments is an optimized N fertilizing strategy to promote circular economy and sustainability. EEA Hilario Ascasubi Fil: Martínez-Sabater, Encarnación. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Andreu-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Orden, Luciano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina Fil: Orden, Luciano. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Agulló, Enrique. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Sáez-Tovar, José. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Martínez-Tome, Juan. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Bustamante, María Ángeles. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Moral, Raúl. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España

Published
2022
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4. The Effects of Agricultural Plastic Waste on the Vermicompost Process and Health Status of Eisenia fetida

Author

José A. Sáez, Angie M. Pedraza Torres, Zbigniew Emil Blesa Marco, Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez, Frutos C. Marhuenda-Egea, Encarnación Martínez-Sabater, María J. López, Francisca Suarez-Estrella, and Raúl Moral

Subjects
Eisenia fetida, agricultural plastic waste, vermicomposting, ecotoxicology, earthworm, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Nowadays, plastic materials are extensively used in the agri-food sector for multiple purposes. The end-of-life management of these plastics is an environmental challenge because frequent incomplete recoveries after the crop seasons lead to the accumulation of plastics debris in agricultural waste, which is now recognized as an emerging environmental issue of global concern. However, the effects of plastic debris in agricultural waste undergoing biotreatment have been poorly studied. This study assesses the effects of agricultural plastic waste (APW) (LDPE + LLDPE and EPS) (1.25% f.w.) on the vermicomposting process (45 days) in terms of earthworm health by measuring biomarker responses and the enzymatic activity and quality/stabilization of the vermicompost obtained. The results showed that exposure to all the plastic materials tested had negative morphological effects on earthworm survival and body biomass. In the vermicomposting process, the changes detected in the enzymatic activity of the vermicompost and the biofilm seemed to affect the degradation rate of earthworms and the microbiome of the substrate, as demonstrated by the low organic matter mineralization in the vermicompost exposed to plastic. Although no significant changes were recorded in several biomarkers, signs of oxidative stress were evidenced throughout the glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase activity, mainly involving balanced oxidative stress and xenobiotic resistance systems.

Published
2022

5. Development and Validation of Alternative Palm-Derived Substrates for Seedling Production

Author

María Pilar Gomis, María Dolores Pérez-Murcia, Xavier Barber, Encarnación Martínez-Sabater, Raúl Moral, and María Ángeles Bustamante

Subjects
compost, Phoenix dactylifera L, horticultural crops, coir fiber, growing media, chemometric tools, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The constraints associated with peat use in horticulture has led to a search for alternative materials for their use as growing media. The organic materials derived from palm trees (composted or not) can constitute an alternative due to their ligneous and fibrous character, similar to coir fiber. This work studies the feasibility of using several palm-tree-derived (Phoenix dactylifera L.) organic materials as growing media ingredients for the transplant production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Senna). For this, the following substrates were studied: five mixtures for each palm-derived material (palm trunks and leaves and composts derived from palm trunk and leaves), in the proportions of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by volume, mixed with coir fiber. Coir fiber at the proportion 100% was used as the control treatment. Physical, physico-chemical, and chemical analyses were conducted on the substrates, and the germination and morphological parameters of the seedlings were examined. Chemometric tools, such as random forest (RF) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were also used to evaluate the data obtained. The type and proportion of material used in the growing media principally affected the parameters studied in the lettuce seedlings. The substrates with a percentage of compost lower than 60% showed behavior closer to that observed in the growing media with 100% coir fiber and with the mixture of coir fiber and palm leaves or trunks at all proportions.

Published
2022

6. Effect of Compost Extract Addition to Different Types of Fertilizers on Quality at Harvest and Shelf Life of Spinach

Author

Almudena Giménez, Perla A. Gómez, María Ángeles Bustamante, María Dolores Pérez-Murcia, Encarnación Martínez-Sabater, Margarita Ros, José A. Pascual, Catalina Egea-Gilabert, and Juan A. Fernández

Subjects
fertilization, Spinacia oleracea L., nitrate, oxalate, antioxidants, minimal processing, Agriculture
Abstract

Spinach is rich in minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and bioactive compounds with health-beneficial effects; however, this plant also tends to accumulate oxalates and nitrates in their leaves. Apart from genotype, nutrition is the pre-harvest factor that mostly affects quality attributes at harvest. Particularly, the application of compost extracts (CE) may induce resistance against soil-borne diseases and favour secondary metabolism, increasing antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of fertilization with or without the addition of CE, on harvest quality and shelf life of minimally processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea, var. Shrike RZ) stored during 12 days at 4 °C. A compost extract (CE) was prepared by mixing a compost from agri-food wastes (vine pruning, leek waste and olive mill waste) with deionized water. CE foliar applications were done from days 28 and 56 after sowing. The treatments applied were: Control; Control + CE; NPK (inorganic NPK fertilizer 15-15-15); NPK + CE; DMPP (ENTEC Nitrofoska® plus the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)) and DMPP + CE. After harvest, spinach leaves were minimally processed and packaged to generate a passive modified atmosphere. Nitrate content in the control treatment was reduced by the addition of CE, although in the rest of the treatments, CE addition did not produce any effect. For nitrite contents, the lowest value was obtained for the Control + CE. Moreover, the oxalate content was the lowest for the control treatment with a decreasing trend throughout the storage. The treatment Control + CE also showed the highest initial total phenolic contents, with very similar values at the end of shelf life to those observed at harvest for all the treatments. The highest differences in color as regards the initial values were detected for DMPP. Microbial loads increased for all the treatments without differences between them. The atmosphere reached at the end of the cold storage was the same for all the cases, with CO2 and O2 around 10 kPa for each one of them. After 12 days at 4 °C, all the treatments were above the limit of usability, with the spinach leaves acceptable for consumption. The results found in this study indicate that the addition of CE might be convenient for obtaining spinach rich in bioactive compounds and with low concentrations of antinutritional factors, without affecting the microbial load of the final product.

Published
2021
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