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Nao Enomoto,1 Sho Nakamura,2– 4 Satoru Kanda,3– 5 Hiroko Endo,1 Emiko Yamada,1 Sachiyo Kobayashi,1 Miki Kido,1 Rina Inoue,4 Junko Shimakura,6 Hiroto Narimatsu2– 4,7 1Section of Health and Longevity Service, Takahata Town Office, Takahata, Yamagata, Japan; 2Graduate School of Health of Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; 3Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; 4CIKOP, Specified Nonprofit Corporation, Yamagata, Japan; 5Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; 6Section of Welfare and Child Service, Takahata Town Office, Takahata, Yamagata, Japan; 7Department of Genetic Medicine, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JapanCorrespondence: Hiroto NarimatsuCancer Prevention and Cancer Control Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, JapanTel +81-45-520-2222Fax +81-45-520-2216Email hiroto-narimatsu@umin.orgPurpose: A tailored approach to individual risk factors for developing lifestyle-related diseases would help induce behavioral changes toward intervention acceptability. The addition of preventive healthcare programs to nationwide specific health guidance in Japan is adapted in a given region.Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective parallel-group comparison study on 195 eligible residents from Takahata, Japan, with a high risk of lifestyle-related diseases from 2014 to 2017 to examine whether such an intervention could improve the body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Results: Of the 195 enrolled residents, 117 were assigned to the control group and 78 to the intervention group. They were ≤ 65 years old and had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and an eGFR ≤ 90 mL/kg/1.73 m2. We conducted certain interventions for each group, including additional blood testing, regular health guidance, and specific health guidance. After one year, neither BMI (intervention: 26.7 ± 2.17 kg/m2 vs control: 27.3 ± 2.12 kg/m2, p = 0.076) nor eGFR (intervention: 72.2 ± 11.1 mL/kg/1.73 m2 vs control: 73.1 ± 10.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2, p = 0.608) differed significantly between groups. However, after three years, the BMI in the intervention group (26.4 ± 2.05 kg/m2) was significantly reduced compared to that in the control group (27.4 ± 2.26 kg/m2; p = 0.005).Conclusion: The additional interventions might have contributed to a reduction in metabolic syndrome.Trial Registration: This study was registered in the UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry (ID:000013581). More information: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000015868. The registration date was 31/03/2014.Keywords: personalized preventive medicine, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, medical cost

Tadashi Nakano,1 Takeshi Hayashi,2 Toru Nakagawa,2 Toru Honda,2 Satoshi Owada,3 Hitoshi Endo,3 Masayuki Tatemichi3 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 2Hitachi Health Care Center, Ibaraki, 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan Purpose: To perform a preliminary evaluation of the applicability of automatic spectral domain optical coherence tomography (ASD-OCT) for glaucoma mass screening in a population-based setting. Methods: Information using ASD-OCT (thicknesses of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer [mRNFL], disc retinal nerve fiber layer [dRNFL], ganglion cell layer [GCL] + inner plexiform layer [IPL]; GCL+, and ganglion cell complex [GCL + IPL + RNFL; GCL++]) was obtained from 245 eyes of 123 glaucomatous subjects and 1,454 eyes of 727 normal subjects. For all four measurements, each grid was scored as follows: 2= within 95% of the normal database; 1= within 5%; and 0= within 1%. The sums of each grid (mRNFLs, dRNFLs, GCL+s, and GCL++s) were used as indicators. The effectiveness was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The appropriate algorithm was then applied to 10,145 eyes of 5,088 subjects from the general population (mean age: 50.1±10.3 years). Results: AUC-ROC of mRNFLs, dRNFLs, GCL+s, and GCL++s was 0.927 (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.903–0.950), 0.919 (95% CI =0.899–0.940), 0.972 (95% CI =0.958–0.986), and 0.972 (95% CI =0.957–0.986), respectively. The discriminant analysis demonstrated that the canonical correlation coefficients of mRNFLs, dRNFLs, GCL+s, and dGCL++s were 0.07, 0.255, 0.661, and 0.207, respectively. AUC-ROC of the discriminant value was 0.971 (95% CI =0.956–0.986). The sensitivity/specificity using GCL+s (cutoff =160) was 81.6%/99.9%. This algorithm was applied to the general population, and 1,658 eyes (16.3%) were found to be positive for glaucoma. Conclusion: In the case–control setting, ASD-OCT showed a relatively high performance, and the thickness of the GCL + IPL was the best predictor. However, further prospective studies are needed, in which the results of this study are compared to the general population, because the false-positive rate of glaucoma seems to be high. Keywords: automatic spectral domain optical coherence tomography, glaucoma mass screening, population based, applicability

Among several hypothesis for the development of Alzheimer's disease is a viral hypothesis. The present study was designed to detect nucleic acid sequences for conventional viruses in peripheral blood cells and brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells and brain tissue from control individuals and Alzheimer's disease patients. Southern blot analysis was performed using radiolabeled probes for various conventional viruses. The results fail to detect the presence of Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-I), Herpes simplex II (HSV-II), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalo virus (CMV) at a sensitivity level of detecting 1 genome/100 cells. We exclude conventional viruses as a cause of Alzheimer's disease at this level of detection.