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Abstract Tracheal head and neck squamous cell cancer recurrence without metastases may be related to physical displacement of cancer cells.

We present a rare case of prostatic endobronchial metastases that was successfully treated with total androgen blockade (TAB). This case demonstrates prolonged remission on continuous TAB and continued remission employing intermittent therapy.

Background: Endobronchial metastases (EBMs) are tumours that metastasise from a malignant tumour outside the lungs to the central and subsegmental bronchi, and are visible under a bronchofibrescope. Most EBMs are formed by direct invasion or metastasis of intrathoracic malignant tumours, such as lung cancer, oesophageal cancer or mediastinum tumours. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), accounting for 2% to 3% of all tumours, is a common malignant tumour of the urinary system. Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) constitutes the predominant pathological subtype of RCC, comprising approximately 70% to 80% of all RCC cases. RCCC can spread and metastasise through arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation to almost all organs of the body. Moreover, lung, bone, liver, brain and local recurrence are the most common metastatic neoplasms of RCCC. However, EBM from RCCC has a low complication rate and is often misdiagnosed as primary lung cancer., Case Summary: A 71-year-old male patient who had undergone radical left nephrectomy 7 years prior due to RCCC was referred to our hospital due to a 1-mo history of productive cough. The results of an enhanced chest CT scan indicated the presence of a soft tissue nodule in the upper lobe of the left lung, and flexible bronchoscopy revealed a hypervascular lesion in the bronchus of the left lung's superior lobe. Therefore, the patient underwent thoracoscopic left superior lobe wedge resection, and pathology confirmed EBM from the RCCC., Conclusion: EBM from RCCC has a low incidence and no characteristic clinical manifestations in the early stage. If a bronchial tumour is found in a patient with RCCC, the possibility of bronchial metastatic cancer should be considered., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no competing interests., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Metastatic disease from solid extrapulmonary tumours affects the lungs frequently. Endobronchial metastases (EM) however are very rare. Most commonly breast, colorectal and renal carcinomas can result in endobronchial metastases. EM secondary to a prostate primary are even more uncommon. We present an unusual case of a synchronous diagnosis of EM and primary prostate cancer. The diagnosis was confirmed on bronchoscopic endobronchial biopsies and immunohistochemical examination. Just 3 such cases have been reported to the best of our knowledge in the last 15 years. We discuss frequencies, similarities with previously reported cases, possible developmental modes and the diagnosis of EM. We conclude that patients with a current or previous diagnosis of an extrapulmonary malignancy with apparently trivial respiratory symptoms and/or unexplained weight loss should be considered for a bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy and immunohistochemical profiling is the gold standard for diagnosing EM, as they may not be visible on cross sectional imaging.

Abstract We report the case of a 24‐year‐old man who presented with chief complaints of shortness of breath and haemoptysis; chest radiography revealed complete collapse of the left lung. Bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial tumour with complete obstruction of the left main bronchus. Cryosurgical excision was performed; tissue pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic embryonal carcinoma. The patient underwent a right orchiectomy followed by a bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy regimen.

Abstract Primary pleural synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is an extremely rare malignancy without a known cause. The diagnosis is made after excluding metastasis from an extra‐thoracic sarcoma. We report a case of a 67‐year‐old gentleman who presented with an incidental finding of a left lung mass on a routine chest X‐ray. A computed tomography (CT) of the thorax and whole‐body positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT was done confirming a left lung mass with no other extra‐thoracic involvement. A lobectomy was performed with a diagnostic and therapeutic intent. The histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry study revealed a pleural‐based tumour with features suggestive of synovial sarcoma. Subsequently, he underwent post‐operative radiotherapy. However, three months later, he developed an endobronchial recurrence, complicated by post‐obstructive pneumonia resulting in his demise. This case highlights a rare form of malignancy with a rare site of recurrence.

We report the case of a 24‐year‐old man who presented with chief complaints of shortness of breath and haemoptysis; chest radiography revealed complete collapse of the left lung. Bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial tumour with complete obstruction of the left main bronchus. Cryosurgical excision was performed; tissue pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic embryonal carcinoma. The patient underwent a right orchiectomy followed by a bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy regimen.In this report, we present a case of endobronchial metastases from a primary embryonal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endobronchial metastases from prostate cancers are a rare phenomenon with only limited cases reported to date. Bronchoscopic biopsy and immunohistochemical test are essential for determining the diagnosis. And serum PSA level is a significant biomarker to assist the diagnosis. Our case describes a 68-year-old man presenting with bilateral endobronchial metastases after 5 years disease-free survival of prostate cancer.

Tracheal head and neck squamous cell cancer recurrence without metastases may be related to physical displacement of cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a rare case of prostatic endobronchial metastases that was successfully treated with total androgen blockade (TAB). This case demonstrates prolonged remission on continuous TAB and continued remission employing intermittent therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant involvement of the lung can be primary or metastatic. Although primary lung cancer may be endobronchial, parenchymal or both, metastases to the lung are generally parenchymal. However, less commonly, they may be endobronchial. The lungs are the most common site of metastases among all the malignancies. Common extrapulmonary malignancies causing endobronchial metastases (EBMs) are breast, colorectal and kidney. EBMs from uterine cervical cancer are very rare. Although there are a few case reports in the medical literature describing EBM from cervical cancer, none are from adenocarcinoma histology. In this study, we report a case of EBM which on histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were found to be from a prior adenocarcinoma cervix. Differentiating EBM from bronchogenic carcinoma and other more common extrapulmonary solid organ malignancies may present a clinico-pathological and radiological challenge.

Primary pleural synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is an extremely rare malignancy without a known cause. The diagnosis is made after excluding metastasis from an extra‐thoracic sarcoma. We report a case of a 67‐year‐old gentleman who presented with an incidental finding of a left lung mass on a routine chest X‐ray. A computed tomography (CT) of the thorax and whole‐body positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT was done confirming a left lung mass with no other extra‐thoracic involvement. A lobectomy was performed with a diagnostic and therapeutic intent. The histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry study revealed a pleural‐based tumour with features suggestive of synovial sarcoma. Subsequently, he underwent post‐operative radiotherapy. However, three months later, he developed an endobronchial recurrence, complicated by post‐obstructive pneumonia resulting in his demise. This case highlights a rare form of malignancy with a rare site of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endobronchial metastases are rare. The most frequent primary tumors associated with endobronchial involvement are breast, colon and renal cell carcinomas. Metastases from colorectal cancers can be treated either surgically or with chemotherapy in order to improve survival. Objectives: This paper aims to report the potential role of interventional bronchoscopy in patients with endobronchial metastases from colorectal cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included 24 patients who underwent an interventional bronchoscopy procedure between 1988 and 2006. All patients had verified tracheobronchial metastases and were treated to relieve their obstruction. Assessment of the natural history of metastatic colorectal carcinoma, therapeutic options and survival associated with endobronchial metastases are reported. Results: Endobronchial metastases occurred at a median of 53 months (range 18–144) following the diagnosis of the primary tumor. Fifty-seven percent of patients had other proven metastases when the endobronchial involvement was diagnosed. All patients had known synchronous pulmonary metastases upon the discovery of tracheobronchial secondary lesions. The most frequently observed symptoms were dyspnea, cough and hemoptysis. Atelectasis was a common radiological finding. In 67% of patients, an interventional bronchoscopy was possible with the primary intent of relieving the obstruction. An endoscopic intervention provided symptomatic relief and an improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s. The median overall survival was 70 months (range 23–245) and 14 months once the endobronchial metastase(s) had been diagnosed. Conclusion: Endobronchial metastases occur relatively late in patients with a metastatic colorectal neoplasm. Palliative treatment with interventional bronchoscopy to prevent asphyxia is a safe and effective method that may improve the quality of life in these patients. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endobronchial metastases (EBM) secondary to extrapulmonary solid malignant tumours are rare but may occur. The most common extrathoracic malignancies associated with EBM are breast, renal and colorectal carcinomas. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and bronchoscopic aspects of EBM from colorectal carcinomas and the prognosis of the patients. Methods: EBM were diagnosed in 7 patients with colorectal carcinomas between 2004 and 2005. All patients underwent colorectal resection at the time of primary tumour diagnosis. Bronchial involvement was proved by bronchoscopy, and the metastatic nature of the lesions was confirmed histopathologically in all patients. EBM patients were compared with a control group of 7 patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. Results: Median age at time of colorectal carcinoma was 55 years in EBM patients and 57 years in controls. Distressing airway symptoms caused by EBM were relieved by use of newer intrabronchial therapies: radiotherapy, brachytherapy and cryotherapy. One patient underwent metastasis resection. The median survival after diagnosis of EBM was 18.9 months. All patients had pulmonary metastases. The median survival after diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma was 55.7 months in EBM patients and 12.7 months in controls (p < 0.005). Discussion: EBM are generally underdiagnosed in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Bronchoscopy is not part of the standard evaluation of these patients. Physicians must be more attentive to pulmonary symptoms, even when patients’ pulmonary metastases are known. Various management options are available for localized endobronchial tumours. Conclusion: On average, EBM are diagnosed about 5 years after the diagnosis of the primary tumour, which is a relatively long lead time. Although this metastatic location usually implies a very negative prognosis regarding life expectancy, it did not seem to significantly reduce survival in our patients. Local treatments allow substantial improvement of pulmonary symptoms. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metastatic disease from solid extrapulmonary tumours affects the lungs frequently. Endobronchial metastases (EM) however are very rare. Most commonly breast, colorectal and renal carcinomas can result in endobronchial metastases. EM secondary to a prostate primary are even more uncommon. We present an unusual case of a synchronous diagnosis of EM and primary prostate cancer. The diagnosis was confirmed on bronchoscopic endobronchial biopsies and immunohistochemical examination. Just 3 such cases have been reported to the best of our knowledge in the last 15 years. We discuss frequencies, similarities with previously reported cases, possible developmental modes and the diagnosis of EM. We conclude that patients with a current or previous diagnosis of an extrapulmonary malignancy with apparently trivial respiratory symptoms and/or unexplained weight loss should be considered for a bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy and immunohistochemical profiling is the gold standard for diagnosing EM, as they may not be visible on cross sectional imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endobronchial metastases from prostate cancers are a rare phenomenon with only limited cases reported to date. Bronchoscopic biopsy and immunohistochemical test are essential for determining the diagnosis. And serum PSA level is a significant biomarker to assist the diagnosis. Our case describes a 68-year-old man presenting with bilateral endobronchial metastases after 5 years disease-free survival of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 78-year-old Japanese man who had undergone total prostatectomy for prostate cancer (pT3cN1M0, Gleason score 3 + 3) 20 years previously was referred to the Respiratory Medicine Department of our institution because of a 1-week history of chest pain and cough. Computed tomography showed multiple small nodules and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Bronchoscopy revealed multiple soft polypoid masses and obstruction of the lingular segment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations had increased markedly from 0.48 ng/mL in 2014 to 741 ng/mL in 2018. The diagnosis of prostatic cancer metastases was confirmed by revealing the presence of PSA via immunohistological staining of a bronchoscopically obtained biopsy of one of the masses. The patient had not been attending scheduled follow-up visits for the past 4 years. Treatment with degarelix (a gonadotropin-releasing hormone) was started, and the PSA concentration decreased dramatically (29 ng/mL). Metastases from prostate cancer are rarely first diagnosed two decades after radical prostatectomy. This patient illustrates the importance of obtaining a complete medical history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a propensity to metastasize to the chest, with the lungs being the most common distant metastatic site. The histologic subtype of RCC has implications for prognosis., Conclusion: Significant advances have been made in the management of metastatic RCC, both in systemic and locoregional therapies. The aim of this article is to review appearances of intrathoracic metastases from RCC and to discuss treatment considerations.

Background: Endobronchial metastases (EBM) are rarely observed, but they are caused by a number of different tumors. Bronchoscopy is the main approach for both differential diagnosis and to maintain endoluminal palliation. In this study, consecutive EBM cases that had been diagnosed and treated were evaluated in a retrospective cohort., Methods: In total, 18 pathologically verified patients with EBM originating from extrathoracic tumors who were referred to our interventional pulmonology unit with respiratory symptoms were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor type, metastasis location, treatment method and frequency, and complications were evaluated., Results: In total, there were 18 patients (13 women) with EBM enrolled in this study. All were diagnosed by a bronchial biopsy. The mean age of the patients was 48±15.24 years (range: 24-76 years). The most frequent sites of origin of the metastases were the bone (5) and kidney. Obstructions were observed in the tracheas of 12 patients, in the right main bronchi of 10, and in the left main bronchi of 11. Twelve airway stents were placed in nine patients. The removal of the obstruction was effective in the remaining patients. The mean number of treatment applications was 1.47 (range: 1-3). Hemorrhage, mucostasis, and granulation were observed. The median follow-up duration was 528 days (range: 62-1177 days). The median survival time for the patients who died was 122 days (range: 2-885 days)., Conclusions: EBM is rare, and bronchoscopy is the primary method of diagnosis, followed by palliation, if necessary., (Copyright © 2015 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)