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34 results on '"Englert, C. R."'

2. Non‐Migrating Structures in the Northern Midlatitude Thermosphere During December Solstice Using ICON/MIGHTI and FPI Observations

Author

Navarro, L. A., primary, Makela, J. J., additional, Forbes, J. M., additional, Harding, B. J., additional, Englert, C. R., additional, Harlander, J. M., additional, Marr, K. D., additional, Kerr, R., additional, Noto, J., additional, Wu, Q., additional, Benkhaldoun, Z., additional, Kaab, M., additional, and Immel, T. J., additional

Published
2023
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3. Examining the Wind Shear Theory of Sporadic E With ICON/MIGHTI Winds and COSMIC‐2 Radio 2 Occultation Data

Author

Yamazaki, Y., Arras, C., Andoh, S., Miyoshi, Y., Shinagawa, H., Harding, B. J., Englert, C. R., Immel, T. J., Sobhkhiz‐Miandehi, S., Stolle, C., Arras, C., 1 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam Germany, Andoh, S., 2 Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan, Miyoshi, Y., 3 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan, Shinagawa, H., 4 National Institute of Information and Communication Technology Tokyo Japan, Harding, B. J., 5 Space Sciences Laboratory University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA, Englert, C. R., 6 Space Science Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC USA, Immel, T. J., Sobhkhiz‐Miandehi, S., Stolle, C., and 8 Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Rostock Kühlungsborn Germany

Subjects
ddc:551.5, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The wind shear theory is widely accepted as an explanation for the formation of a sporadic E (Es) layer, but the direct comparison of Es with the local wind shear has been limited due to the lack of neutral wind measurements. This study examines the role of the vertical wind shear for Es, using signal‐to‐noise ratio profiles from COSMIC‐2 radio occultation measurements and concurrent measurements of neutral wind profiles from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer. It is observed that the Es occurrence rate and average S4 index are correlated with the negative vertical shear of the eastward wind, providing observational support for the wind shear theory. Es can be observed even when the vertical wind shear is positive, which is interpreted as metallic ion layers generated at an earlier time., Plain Language Summary: Sporadic E (Es) is anomalous radio propagation resulting from intense clouds of ionization at heights of the E‐region ionosphere (90–120 km). The formation of an Es layer is generally attributed to the vertical wind shear, which can move metallic ions in the vertical direction by the Lorentz force. According to the wind shear theory, a negative shear of the eastward wind is effective in converging the metallic ions into a thin layer to produce Es. Although previous observations and modeling studies have supported the theory to various degrees, the direct comparison of Es with the vertical wind shear has been limited due to sparse observations of neutral winds at E‐region heights. Neutral wind profiles from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer mission, together with Es data from COSMIC‐2 radio occultation measurements, provide an opportunity to fill this knowledge gap. Direct comparisons of these measurements reveal that the Es occurrence rate is higher and lower for larger negative and positive wind shears, respectively, providing observational evidence for the wind shear theory., Key Points: Conjunction observations of sporadic E (Es) from COSMIC‐2 and neutral wind profiles from Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging are analyzed. Es occurrence rate correlates with the negative vertical shear of eastward wind, providing observational evidence for the wind shear theory. Es can be observed even when the vertical shear of the local eastward wind is positive., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, NASA, DFG Priority Program Dynamic Earth

Published
2022

4. Monthly Climatologies of Zonal‐Mean and Tidal Winds in the Thermosphere as Observed by ICON/MIGHTI During April 2020–March 2022.

Author

Yamazaki, Y., Harding, B. J., Qiu, L., Stolle, C., Siddiqui, T. A., Miyoshi, Y., Englert, C. R., and England, S. L.

Subjects
THERMOSPHERE, STORM surges, MICHELSON interferometer, CLIMATOLOGY
Abstract

Version 5 (v05) of the thermospheric wind data from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission has been recently released, which largely avoids local‐time dependent artificial baseline drifts that are found in previous versions of the ICON/MIGHTI wind data. This paper describes monthly climatologies of zonal‐mean winds and tides based on the v05 ICON/MIGHTI data under geomagnetically quiet conditions (Hp30 < 3o) during April 2020–March 2022. Green‐line winds in the lower thermosphere (90–110 km) and red‐line winds in the middle thermosphere (200–300 km) are analyzed, as these data cover both daytime and nighttime. The latitude and height structures of zonal‐mean winds and tides are presented for each month, and the results are compared with the widely used empirical model, Horizontal Wind Model 2014 (HWM14). The ICON/MIGHTI and HWM14 results are in general agreement, providing a validation of the v05 ICON/MIGHTI data. The agreement is especially good for the zonal‐mean winds. Amplitudes of lower thermospheric tides from ICON/MIGHTI tend to be larger than those from HWM14 as well as from an empirical model, Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT). This could be due to the influence of interannual variability of the tides. The amplitude structure of lower thermospheric tides in HWM14 does not match those from ICON/MIGHTI and CTMT in some months. Also, HWM14 underestimates the meridional‐wind amplitude of the migrating diurnal tide in the middle thermosphere. These results highlight the need for improved tidal representation in HWM14. Key Points: Monthly climatologies of zonal‐mean winds and tides at 90–110 km and 200–300 km are determined using v05 Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (ICON/MIGHTI) observationsICON/MIGHTI and Horizontal Wind Model 2014 results are in general agreement, providing a validation of the Version 5 ICON/MIGHTI dataThe agreement is especially good for the zonal‐mean winds, while some discrepancies are found in tidal amplitudes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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5. The Ionospheric Connection Explorer Mission: Mission Goals and Design

Author

Immel, T. J., England, S. L., Mende, S. B., Heelis, R. A., Englert, C. R., Edelstein, J., Frey, H. U., Korpela, E. J., Taylor, E. R., Craig, W. W., Harris, S. E., Bester, M., Bust, G. S., Crowley, G., Forbes, J. M., Gérard, J.-C., Harlander, J. M., Huba, J. D., Hubert, B., Kamalabadi, F., Makela, J. J., Maute, A. I., Meier, R. R., Raftery, C., Rochus, P., Siegmund, O. H. W., Stephan, A. W., Swenson, G. R., Frey, S., Hysell, D. L., Saito, A., Rider, K. A., and Sirk, M. M.

Published
2017
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8. Temperatures in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from O2 Atmospheric Band Emission Observed by ICON/MIGHTI.

Author

Stevens, M. H., Englert, C. R., Harlander, J. M., Marr, K. D., Harding, B. J., Triplett, C. C., Mlynczak, M. G., Yuan, T., Evans, J. S., Mende, S. B., and Immel, Thomas J.

Subjects
*MESOSPHERE, *THERMOSPHERE, *MICHELSON interferometer, *TEMPERATURE, *ATMOSPHERIC oxygen, *RADIOMETRY
Abstract

The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) was launched aboard NASA's Ionospheric Connection (ICON) Explorer satellite in October 2019 to measure winds and temperatures on the limb in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Temperatures are observed using the molecular oxygen atmospheric band near 763 nm from 90–127 km altitude in the daytime and 90–108 km in the nighttime. Here we describe the measurement approach and methodology of the temperature retrieval, including unique on-orbit operations that allow for a better understanding of the instrument response. The MIGHTI measurement approach for temperatures is distinguished by concurrent observations from two different sensors, allowing for two self-consistent temperature products. We compare the MIGHTI temperatures against existing MLT space-borne and ground-based observations. The MIGHTI temperatures are within 7 K of these observations on average from 90–95 km throughout the day and night. In the daytime on average from 99–105 km, MIGHTI temperatures are higher than coincident observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on NASA's TIMED satellite by 18 K. Because the difference between the MIGHTI and SABER observations is predominantly a constant bias at a given altitude, conclusions of scientific analyses that are based on temperature variations are largely unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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11. The Ionospheric Connection Explorer Mission: Mission Goals and Design.

Author

Immel, T. J., England, S. L., Mende, S. B., Heelis, R. A., Englert, C. R., Edelstein, J., Frey, H. U., Korpela, E. J., Taylor, E. R., Craig, W. W., Harris, S. E., Bester, M., Bust, G. S., Crowley, G., Forbes, J. M., Gérard, J.-C., Harlander, J. M., Huba, J. D., Hubert, B., and Kamalabadi, F.

Abstract

The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical connection between our world and our space environment. This connection is made in the ionosphere, which has long been known to exhibit variability associated with the sun and solar wind. However, it has been recognized in the 21st century that equally significant changes in ionospheric conditions are apparently associated with energy and momentum propagating upward from our own atmosphere. ICON's goal is to weigh the competing impacts of these two drivers as they influence our space environment. Here we describe the specific science objectives that address this goal, as well as the means by which they will be achieved. The instruments selected, the overall performance requirements of the science payload and the operational requirements are also described. ICON's development began in 2013 and the mission is on track for launch in 2018. ICON is developed and managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key contributions from several partner institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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12. Molecular profiling of clinical tissues specimens: feasibility and applications

Author

Emmert-Buck, M. R., Strausberg, R. L., Krizman, D. B., Bonaldo, M. F., Bonner, R. F., Bostwick, D. G., Brown, M. R., Buetow, K. H., Chuaqui, R. F., Cole, K. A., Duray, P. H., Englert, C. R., Gillespie, J. W., Greenhut, S., Grouse, L., Hillier, L. W., Katz, K. S., Klausner, R. D., Kuznetzov, V., Alex Lash, Lennon, G., Linehan, W. M., Liotta, L. A., Marra, M. A., Munson, P. J., Ornstein, D. K., Prabhu, V. V., Prang, C., Schuler, G. D., Soares, M. B., Tolstoshev, C. M., Vocke, C. D., and Waterston, R. H.

Subjects
Male, Special Article, Pathology, Clinical, Databases, Factual, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene Library, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Published
2001

14. SHIMMER: Innovative Technology Enabling Unprecedented Science

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Englert, C. R., Stevens, M. H., Siskind, D. E., Eckermann, S. D., Harlander, J. M., Nielsen, K., Roesler, F. L., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Englert, C. R., Stevens, M. H., Siskind, D. E., Eckermann, S. D., Harlander, J. M., Nielsen, K., and Roesler, F. L.

Abstract

On March 9, 2007, the first ultraviolet spectrometer using the innovative optical technique known as spatial heterodyne spectroscopy was launched into low Earth orbit from Cape Canaveral, FL. The Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER) is a deskjet printer-sized rugged spectrometer designed to measure solar resonance fluorescence of hydroxyl (OH) in the Earth's middle atmosphere between 30 and 100 km altitude. It is optimized for high spectral resolution, low mass, low power, low volume, and high sensitivity with no moving parts. SHIMMER is performing as expected and has already returned several hundred thousand atmospheric OH measurements. SHIMMER also detects mesospheric clouds (MCs) at their equatorward edge region, around 55 degrees latitude, where they are believed to be most sensitive to mesospheric change. SHIMMER's unprecedented local time coverage allows the investigation of how atmospheric dynamics influence MCs and their environment and thus potentially bias the interpretation of multi-decadal cloud frequency and brightness trends. To date, SHIMMER data have already led to three significant science results, discussed briefly here., Performed in collaboration with St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN; Computational Physics, Inc., Fairfax, VA; and the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Sponsored in part by the Department of Defense (DoD) Space Test Program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Published in the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Review, p131-133, 2008.

Published
2008

15. Polar Clouds from Space Shuttle Exhaust

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Stevens, M. H., Englert, C. R., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Stevens, M. H., and Englert, C. R.

Abstract

The Earth's mesosphere lies above the stratosphere in the region between 50 and 90 km altitude, far above where airplanes or balloons can fly. In the unique polar summer mesosphere, the temperature plummets below 150 K (-190 degrees F), making this region the coldest on Earth, so inaccessible that it is sometimes like studying the atmosphere of another planet. In this extremely rarefied and dry place, water ice particles are found in narrow layers near 82 km altitude called polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). PMCs are not known in the published record until 1885. The specific processes leading to the formation of PMCs are disputed. However, some evidence indicates that they became brighter and more frequent in the late 20th century, leading some scientists to argue that they are indicators of global climate change. One hypothesis reasons that increasing amounts of methane (CH4) emitted at the Earth's surface by industrial and agricultural processes increase the humidity of the upper atmosphere as the methane is broken down by ultraviolet sunlight to form water vapor. Recently, NRL's Space Science Division scientists have complicated this hypothesis by identifying a new source for PMCs, challenging long-held beliefs about the meteorology of the upper atmosphere. Using satellite observations from NRL's Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI), Stevens et al. showed that the exhaust plume from the space shuttle can be transported all the way from the east coast of the United States to the Arctic summer mesosphere to form PMCs. Additional data from other experiments now reveal that this phenomenon has occurred over both poles. Here we present the initial observations leading to the discovery, and discuss its scientific impact., Published in NRL Review, p133-134, 2007. Sponsored in part by NASA.

Published
2007

16. A Model Study of Global Variability in Mesospheric Cloudiness

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC E O HULBURT CENTER FOR SPACE RESEARCH, Siskind, David E., Stevens, M. H., Englert, C. R., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC E O HULBURT CENTER FOR SPACE RESEARCH, Siskind, David E., Stevens, M. H., and Englert, C. R.

Abstract

We have performed microphysical calculations of mesospheric cloudiness which are driven by output (vertical wind, water vapor mixing ratio and temperature) from a two-dimensional (2D) global chemical/dynamical model. The variations in the 2D model output drive variations in the simulated clouds which can be compared with cloud observations. The specific cloud observables we model are ice content, altitude, peak backscatter at 532nm and albedo at 252 nm. We categorize these parameters in terms of their variations with latitude, solar activity and hemisphere (north vs. south). In agreement with observations, we find brighter clouds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) relative to the south and at solar minimum relative to solar maximum. Also we find that cloud altitudes are higher in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) relative to the NH. Quantitatively, compared with observations, it appears that the model may overstate the magnitude of these variations. Thus, the entire range of observed cloud altitudes, poleward of 65-70 deg, is about 2km (83-85 km), whereas the range in the calculated heights range extends up to 5km (83-88 km). In addition, the calculated solar cycle brightness change of up to an order of magnitude appears larger than the limited available observations. Since the model H2O variation in the 80-90km region with respect to solar activity is relatively small (10-40%), it is not the cause of our large model cloud variability. Rather, for both hemispheric variation and solar cycle changes, we suggest that the model temperature variability may be too great., Published in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, v67 p501-513, 2005.

Published
2005

18. Discovery of a Water Vapor Layer in the Arctic Summer Mesosphere: Implications for Polar Mesospheric Clouds

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC E O HULBURT CENTER FOR SPACE RESEARCH, Summers, Michael E., Conway, R. R., Englert, C. R., Siskind, D. E., Stevens, M. H., Russell, III, J. M., Gordley, L. L., McHugh, M. J., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC E O HULBURT CENTER FOR SPACE RESEARCH, Summers, Michael E., Conway, R. R., Englert, C. R., Siskind, D. E., Stevens, M. H., Russell, III, J. M., Gordley, L. L., and McHugh, M. J.

Abstract

We report the discovery of a layer of enhanced water vapor in the Arctic summer mesosphere that was made utilizing two new techniques for remotely determining water vapor abundances. The first utilizes Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) OH measurements as a proxy for water vapor. The second is a reanalysis of Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) water vapor data with a technique to simultaneously determine polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) ice particle extinction along with the water vapor abundance. These results reveal a narrow layer of enhanced water vapor centered between 82-84 km altitude and coincident with PMCs, that exhibits water vapor mixing ratios of 10-15 ppmv. This indicates that a higher degree of supersaturation is present in the PMC region, and that PMCs are thus more efficient at sequestering total water (both ice particles and vapor) within the layer, than previously believed., Published in Geophysical Research Letters, v28 n18 p3601-3604, 15 Sep 2001.

Published
2001

21. Wind at the Top of the Atmosphere.

Author

Englert, C. R., Brown, C. M., Drob, D. P., Emmert, J. T., Goldspiel, J. M., Nicholas, A. W., Siskind, D. E., Stephan, A. W., Stevens, M. H., Harlander, J. M., and Marr, K. D.

Subjects
WINDS, ATMOSPHERE, IONOSPHERIC electric fields, WIND speed, MAGNETIC storms
Abstract

The article reviews about wind at the top of the atmosphere, and describes Naval Research Laboratory activities in improved modeling and the development of new sensors that are shedding more light on the basic geospace parameter.It explains that wind in geospace alters satellite trajectories and induces ionospheric electric fields. It notes that typical wind speeds are 100 m/s and can reach up to 800 m/s during geomagnetic storms.

Published
2012

23. SHIMMER: Innovative Technology Enabling Unprecedented Science.

Author

Englert, C. R., Stevens, M. H., Siskind, D. E., Eckermann, S. D., Harlander, J. M., Nielsen, K., and Roesler, F. L.

Subjects
MESOSPHERIC thermodynamics, SPECTROMETERS, FLUORESCENCE, ATMOSPHERIC hydroxyl radicals, DIURNAL cloud variations, WEATHER control
Abstract

The article provides information on the Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER), a spectrometer designed to measure solar resonance fluorescence of hydroxyl (OH) in the Earth's middle atmosphere. It mentions that the SHIMMER detects mesospheric clouds (MCs) at their equatorward edge region. SHIMMER data have led to three science results including mesospheric clouds show, discrepancies in the expected diurnal variation in OH and its utility with navy weather model.

Published
2008

29. Molecular profiling of clinical tissue specimens: Feasibility and applications

Author

Emmert-Buck, M. R., Strausberg, R. L., Krizman, D. B., Bonaldo, M. F., Bonner, R. F., Bostwick, D. G., Brown, M. R., Buetow, K. H., Chuaqui, R. F., Cole, K. A., Duray, P. H., Englert, C. R., Gillespie, J. W., Greenhut, S., Grouse, L., Hillier, L. W., Katz, K. S., Klausner, R. D., Kuznetzov, V., Alex Lash, Lennon, G., Linehan, W. M., Liotta, L. A., Marra, M. A., Munson, P. J., Omstein, D. K., Prabhu, V. V., Prange, C., Schuler, G. D., Soares, M. B., Tolstoshev, C. M., Vocke, C. D., and Waterston, R. H.

Subjects
Male, Special Article, DNA, Complementary, Genome, Polymorphism, Genetic, Databases as Topic, Genes, Genetic Techniques, Feasibility Studies, Gene Expression, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms

30. Polar Clouds from Space Shuttle Exhaust.

Author

Stevens, M. H. and Englert, C. R.

Subjects
MESOSPHERIC thermodynamics, TWENTIETH century, CLIMATE change, WASTE gases, EMISSION exposure, ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics, ICE
Abstract

The article focuses on a study about the formation of the polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) and discusses its scientific impact. There are disputes regarding the formation of PMCs. Some researches indicate that they became brighter and more frequent in the late 20th century. A few scientists also suggest that they are indicators of the global climate change. It was found that a shuttle exhaust plume (STS-107) can also create polar clouds, contributing to 10-20% of the total ice content of PMCs.

Published
2007

31. Molecular profiling of clinical tissues specimens: feasibility and applications.

Author

Emmert-Buck MR, Strausberg RL, Krizman DB, Bonaldo MF, Bonner RF, Bostwick DG, Brown MR, Buetow KH, Chuaqui RF, Cole KA, Duray PH, Englert CR, Gillespie JW, Greenhut S, Grouse L, Hillier LW, Katz KS, Klausner RD, Kuznetzov V, Lash AE, Lennon G, Linehan WM, Liotta LA, Marra MA, Munson PJ, Ornstein DK, Prabhu VV, Prang C, Schuler GD, Soares MB, Tolstoshev CM, Vocke CD, and Waterston RH

Subjects
Databases, Factual, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Profiling statistics & numerical data, Gene Library, Humans, Male, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Pathology, Clinical methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics
Published
2000
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32. Layered expression scanning: rapid molecular profiling of tumor samples.

Author

Englert CR, Baibakov GV, and Emmert-Buck MR

Subjects
Amino Acid Transport System y+L, Blotting, Western methods, DNA, Complementary genetics, Humans, In Situ Hybridization methods, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 analysis, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Prostate chemistry, Prostate metabolism, Prostate-Specific Antigen analysis, Frozen Sections, Gene Expression genetics
Abstract

Layered expression scanning is a new approach to comprehensive molecular analysis of tumor samples that uses a layered array of capture membranes coupled to antibodies or DNA sequences to perform multiplex protein or mRNA analysis. Cell or tissue samples are transferred through a series of individual capture layers, each linked to a separate antibody or DNA sequence. As the biomolecules traverse the membrane set, each targeted protein or mRNA is specifically captured by the layer containing its antibody or cDNA sequence. The two-dimensional relationship of the cell populations is maintained during the transfer process, thereby producing a molecular profile of each cell type present. Reduction-to-practice of the technique is demonstrated by analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein, gelatinase A protein, and POV1 (PB39) cDNA. As layered expression scanning technology progresses, we envision a laboratory method that will have multiple applications for high-throughput molecular profiling of normal and tumor samples.

Published
2000

33. New approaches to molecular profiling of tissue samples.

Author

Best CJ, Gillespie JW, Englert CR, Swalwell JI, Pfeifer J, Krizman DB, Petricoin EF, Liotta LA, and Emmert-Buck MR

Subjects
Alleles, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Complementary metabolism, Dissection instrumentation, Gene Expression, Gene Library, Histocytological Preparation Techniques, Humans, Image Cytometry instrumentation, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Lasers, Neoplasms genetics, Optics and Photonics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Dissection methods, Histocytochemistry methods, Image Cytometry methods, Neoplasms pathology
Published
2000
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34. Molecular profiling of human cancer: new opportunities.

Author

Englert CR, Petricoin EF, Krizman DB, and Emmert-Buck MR

Subjects
Computational Biology methods, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Medical Informatics methods, Medical Informatics trends, Neoplasms metabolism, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Prognosis, Proteomics methods, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

The Human Genome Project will be completed in the near future, providing new opportunities for researchers to better understand human biology. In order to maximize the value of the genetic data, high-throughput molecular analyses will become an essential experimental methodology, allowing global views of gene expression to be produced and examined. As an example, this approach will permit investigators studying cancer to comprehensively examine the genes and gene products whose alterations underlie tumor development and progression. This information will be essential in determining the fundamental causes of human neoplasms as well as having immediate practical value in the development of clinically useful diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Published
1999

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