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A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary marine red yeast supplementation on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant, immunity, lipid metabolism, and mTOR signaling pathway in juvenile GIFT tilapia (Initial weight 21.12 ± 0.86 g). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of marine red yeast: 0 % (control group), 0.25 %, 0.50 %, 0.75 %, and 1.00 %. The results showed that different marine red yeast levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, daily growth index, protein efficiency ratio, and condition factor, while significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the feed conversion ratio, viscera index, and hepatosomatic index. Different marine red yeast levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activities of foregut lipase, hindgut lipase, foregut α-amylase, midgut α-amylase, hindgut α-amylase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity, while the malondialdehyde content expressed an opposite trend. Different marine red yeast levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activities (contents) of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin M, and complement protein 3 in serum. Different marine red yeast levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) the relative expression of phosphoryl inositol-3-kinase, protein kinase B, mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosome S6 protein kinase 1, cholesterol response element binding protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, leptin, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, fatty acid synthase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver, while the relative expression of PPARα, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone sensitive lipase expressed an opposite trend. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with marine red yeast significantly increased the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, initial immunity, lipid synthesis, and mTOR signaling pathway in juvenile GIFT tilapia. Based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis, the optimal dietary marine red yeast level was between 0.53 % and 0.60 %.

AbstractBackground Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory disorder, remains enigmatic, notwithstanding considerable advancements in our comprehension. Continuous efforts are crucial for discovering novel molecular targets and gaining a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis.Materials and methods In this study, we analyzed gene expression data from 212 individuals, including asthma patients and healthy controls, to identify 267 differentially expressed genes, among which C1orf64 and C7orf26 emerged as potential key genes in asthma pathogenesis. Various bioinformatics tools, including differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, drug target prediction, and single-cell analysis, were employed to explore the potential roles of the genes.Results Quantitative PCR demonstrated differential expression of C1orf64 and C7orf26 in the asthmatic airway epithelial tissue, implying their potential involvement in asthma pathogenesis. GSEA enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of these genes in signaling pathways associated with asthma progression, such as ABC transporters, cell cycle, CAMs, DNA replication, and the Notch signaling pathway. Drug target prediction, based on upregulated and downregulated differential expression, highlighted potential asthma treatments, including Tyrphostin-AG-126, Cephalin, Verrucarin-a, and Emetine. The selection of these drugs was based on their significance in the analysis and their established anti-inflammatory and antiviral invasion properties. Utilizing Seurat and Celldex packages for single-cell sequencing analysis unveiled disease-specific gene expression patterns and cell types. Expression of C1orf64 and C7orf26 in T cells, NK cells, and B cells, instrumental in promoting hallmark features of asthma, was observed, suggesting their potential influence on asthma development and progression.Conclusion This study uncovers novel genetic aspects of asthma, highlighting potential therapeutic pathways. It exemplifies the power of integrative bioinformatics in decoding complex disease patterns. However, these findings require further validation, and the precise roles of C1orf64 and C7orf26 in asthma warrant additional investigation to validate their therapeutic potential.

Cadmium could induce various degrees of harm to aquatic organisms. A 30-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on growth, muscle composition, digestive enzyme activity, gene expression of antioxidants and lipid metabolism in juvenile genetic improvement of farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus, Initial weight: 21.36 ± 0.24 g). Four cadmium concentrations of aquaculture water were designed: 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/L Cd2+. The main results are as follows: Compared with the control group (0 mg/L Cd2+), the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth index (DGI), and spleen index (SI) of juvenile GIFT under cadmium stress were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The contents of crude protein and crude lipid in muscle were significantly decreased (p< 0.05), and the ash was significantly increased (p< 0.05). The activities of trypsin, lipase, and α-amylase in the intestinal were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The relative expression levels of carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (cpt-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα), pparγ, hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), lipoprotein lipase (lpl), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), leptin (lep), fatty acid synthetase (fas), cholesterol response element binding protein 1 (srebp1), squalene cyclooxygenase (sqle), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd) genes in liver were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The relative expression levels of catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione S-transferase (gst), and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) genes in the liver were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to cadmium stress could impact growth, muscle composition, digestive enzyme activity, gene expression of antioxidant and lipid metabolism in juvenile GIFT.

Marine red yeast is a good feed additive for the aquaculture industry that can promote the growth of aquatic animals, and significantly improve their antioxidant capacity, survival rate, and nonspecific immune ability of the body. Our hypothesis is that dietary supplementation with marine red yeast could affect the serum biochemistry, muscle composition, muscle fatty acid composition, lipid metabolism enzyme activity, and expression of antioxidant and inflammatory genes in juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Five diets with different levels of marine red yeast (0 %, 0.25 %, 0.50 %, 0.75 %, and 1.00 %) were used to feed juvenile GIFT (initial weight: 21.12 ± 0.86 g) for 60 days. The main results are as follows: Compared with the control group (0 % marine red yeast), the contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and free fatty acid (FFA) in the serum of juvenile GIFT tilapia significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the contents of glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The contents of crude protein, crude fat, and docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA+EPA) in the muscle significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the contents of moisture and monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFAs) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The activities of acetyl CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in the liver significantly increased (P < 0.05). The expression levels of catalase (cat), alkaline phosphatase (alp), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2), lysozyme (lyz), glutathione S-transferase (gst), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), and superoxide dismutase (sod) genes in the liver significantly increased (P < 0.05). The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α), interferon-γ (inf-γ), interleukin 6 (il-6), interleukin 8 (il-8), interleukin 1β (il-1β), and transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β1) genes in the liver, spleens, and head kidney significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression level of interleukin 10 (il-10) gene significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of different levels of marine red yeast could significantly affect the serum biochemistry, muscle composition, muscle fatty acid composition, lipid metabolism enzyme activity, and expression of antioxidant and inflammatory genes in juvenile GIFT tilapia. Based on the results, the optimal dietary marine red yeast level was 0.50 %.

Abstract Background Mechanical ventilation, a critical support strategy for individuals enduring severe respiratory failure and general anesthesia, paradoxically engenders ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Ferrostatin-1 mitigates lung injury via ferroptosis inhibition, yet the specific ferroptosis genes contributing significantly to VILI remain obscure. Methods Leveraging the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we acquired VILI-associated datasets and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify the hub genes, we constructed a protein–protein interaction network and used three parameters from CytoHubba. Consequently, we identified hub genes and ferroptosis genes as ferroptosis hub genes for VILI (VFHGs). We conducted enrichment analysis and established receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for VFHGs. Subsequently, to confirm the correctness of the VFHGs, control group mice and VILI mouse models, as well as external dataset validation, were established. For further research, a gene-miRNA network was established. Finally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to fill the gap in the immune infiltration changes in the lung during VILI. Results We identified 64 DEGs and 4 VFHGs (Il6,Ptgs2,Hmox1 and Atf3) closely related to ferroptosis. ROC curves demonstrated the excellent diagnostic performance of VFHGs in VILI. PCR and external dataset validation of the VILI model demonstrated the accuracy of VFHGs. Subsequently, the gene-miRNA network was successfully established. Ultimately, an Immune cell infiltration analysis associated with VILI was generated. Conclusions The results emphasize the importance of 4 VFHGs and their involvement in ferroptosis in VILI, confirming their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for VILI.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of varying levels of dietary chitosan supplementation on mitigating cadmium stress and its influence on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, immune response, inflammatory response, and the expression of related genes in juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Five groups of juvenile tilapias (initial body weight 21.21 ± 0.24 g) were fed five diets with different levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of chitosan supplementation for 60 days under cadmium stress (0.2 mg/L Cd2+). The findings indicated that, compared with the 0% chitosan group, dietary chitosan could significantly increase (p < 0.05) the final weight (Wf), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth index (DGI), and condition factor (CF), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) expressed the opposite trend in juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly increase (p < 0.05) the activities (contents) of cholinesterase (CHE), albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lysozyme (LZM), while glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and complement 3 (C3) in the serum of juvenile GIFT expressed the opposite trend. Dietary chitosan could significantly increase (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the activities (contents) of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly increase (p < 0.05) the activities (contents) of CAT, GST, GSH-Px, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the contents of MDA in the liver of juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly increase (p < 0.05) the activities (contents) of SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, Na+-K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase and significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the activities (contents) of CAT, GST, and MDA in the gills of juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly up-regulate (p < 0.05) the gene expression of cat, sod, gst, and gsh-px in the liver of juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly up-regulate (p < 0.05) the gene expression of interferon-γ (inf-γ) in the gills and spleen and significantly down-regulate (p < 0.05) the gene expression of inf-γ in the liver and head kidney of juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly down-regulate (p < 0.05) the gene expression of interleukin-6 (il-6), il-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) in the liver, gills, head kidney, and spleen of juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly up-regulate (p < 0.05) the gene expression of il-10 in the liver, gills, head kidney, and spleen of juvenile GIFT. Dietary chitosan could significantly up-regulate (p < 0.05) the gene expression of transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β) in the liver and significantly down-regulate (p < 0.05) the gene expression of tgf-β in the head kidney and spleen of juvenile GIFT. In conclusion, dietary chitosan could mitigate the impact of cadmium stress on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, immune response, inflammatory response, and related gene expression in juvenile GIFT. According to the analysis of second-order polynomial regression, it was found that the optimal dietary chitosan levels in juvenile GIFT was approximately 1.42% to 1.45%, based on its impact on Wf, WGR, SGR, and DGI.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on the muscle composition, digestion, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance, and their related gene expression, of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to cadmium (Cd2+) stress. Juvenile tilapia with an initial body weight of 21.21 ± 0.24 g were fed with a formulated feed containing five different levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of chitosan for 60 days, while the water in all experimental groups contained a Cd2+ concentration of 0.2 mg/L. The results showed that, compared with the control group (0% chitosan), the contents of crude fat and crude protein in the muscle, the activities of lipase, trypsin, and amylase in the intestine, as well as the relative expression levels of metallothionein (mt), cytochrome P450 1A (cyp1a), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (cpt-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparγ), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), lipoprotein lipase (lpl), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), leptin (lep), fatty acid synthase (fas), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd) genes in the liver of juveniles were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary chitosan supplementation could alleviate the effects of Cd2+ stress on the muscle composition, digestive enzymes, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance, and their related gene expression, of juvenile tilapia, and to some extent reduce the toxic effect of Cd2+ stress on tilapia.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of different dietary lipid levels on the serum biochemistry, antioxidant responses, initial immunity, and mTOR pathway of juvenile genetic improvement-farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Six groups of the juveniles (initial body weight 20.66 ± 1.33 g) in triplicate were fed for 90 days using six iso-nitrogen diets with different lipid levels (0.35%, 3.35%, 6.35%, 9.35%, 12.35%, and 15.35%). The main results were as follows: Compared with the control group (0.35%), the diets with different lipid supplementation significantly improved (p < 0.05) the contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), complement 3 (C3), and immunoglobulin M (IgM), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LYZ), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the expression level of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) genes in juvenile tilapia. However, diets with different lipid supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the expression level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes of juvenile tilapia. In conclusion, the with different lipid supplementation could significantly affect the serum biochemistry, antioxidant responses, initial immunity, and mTOR pathway of juvenile tilapia.