Search

Background In the last few years the role of gut microbiome in human health has been reported. Growing evidence indicate that it is linked to intestinatal diseases, such as the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and atherosclerotic disorders. The effect on lipid metabolism seems to be one of the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiome might favour the atherosclerotic process. IBS is a functional bowel disorder defined by the presence of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits. The severity of psychological and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS has been linked with a distinct intestinal microbiota signature. In this retrospective study the effect of a novel nutraceutical compound, namely Triobiotix, on gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients has been evaluated. Effects on lipid profile have bee also recorded. Methods Triobiotix is a nutraceutical consisting of: Maltodextrin; mineralized extract of Lithothamnion (Lithothamnion calcareum (Pallas) Areschoug, thallus dry extract); Bioecolians® gluco-oligosaccharides; Ferment mix (corn starch, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis BLC1 (DSM 17741), Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3 (DSM 17742), Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501 (DSM 16104), Lactobacillus paracasei Streptococc5 501 IMC102 SP4 (DSM 19385); short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides powder. The database of 40 Italian General Practitioners (GPs) were analyzed. At total of 587 patients with IBS and on Triobiotix were identified. Of these in only 535, a complete first and second control data was available. The primary endpoint of these analysis was to assess whether Triobiotix resulted in a reduction in pain and meteorism, thus resulting in a lesser intensity of the main gastrointestinal symptoms. Secondary endpoints were to look for significative changes in lab values of total cholesterol, triglycerides levels and glycaemia. Results Treatment with Triobiotix for four weeks resulted in a reduction in the frequency and intensity of bloating, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. Unexpectedly, at the T1 control, mean cholesterol values were significatively reduced compared to the T0 evaluation. Triglycerides levels were also significantly decreased (186.37±66.4 vs. 176.13±67.9; p < 0.05). Conclusions Our analysis showed an unexpected effect of this combination of micronutrients on lipid profile beyond IBS symptoms. However, further studies are needed to confirm this evidence and to evaluate the particular compound responsible of this effect. A goal of LDL-C less of 115mg/dL is desirable for patients at low to moderate CVR, a significative portion of population is far from this target. The discovery of novel micronutrients combinations with cholesterol lowering effects could be of great importance for the management of patients with low-moderate dyslipidaemia.

A 39 year old man presented to the emergency department with dyspnoea on exertion, chest pain and fatigue. Few years before, the patient was stabbed in the left chest thus developing Pneumothorax and mild pericardial effusion successfully treated with chest tube drainage and medical therapy. Physical examination revelead giugular vein distension and lower extremity edema. The echocardiographic evaluation showed typical signs of constrictive pericarditis which was confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Furthermore, because of clinical worsening and the absence of ongoing inflammation on PET-TC, the patient was referred to surgery. Pericardiectomy was successfully performed with rapid symptoms relief and clinical benefits. Histologic examination of pericardium showed the presence of thick fibrotic tissue with clusters of squamous epithelial cells with no cellular atypias or malignancy. Therefore, we hypothesize that following the chest stabbing wound, squamous and epitheloid cells have invaded the pericardial space producing a fibrotic reaction responsable of the development of the constriction. Furthermore multimodality imaging has been essential for diagnosis and management.

Image focus A 65-year-old women was scheduled for coronary angiography during the pre-surgery evaluation because of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) detected at ultrasound (Figure). The patient referred worsening dyspnoea and asthenia in the last few months, associated with atypical chest pain. Because of these symptoms and taking into account that AAA patients are at very high cardiovascular risk, exclusion of coronary artery disease seemed appropriate. At admission, patient showed enlarged lymph nodes at cervical and inguinal region. In the suspicion of a malignant cancer, a contrast enhanced computed tomography was scheduled, showing an increase in para-aortic, inguinal, cervical and axillary lymph nodes size in absence of the AAA (Figure). After blood tests and an haematologic consultation, a final diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia was made. The Echo-colour Doppler is the first line imaging test for the diagnosis of AAA. However, in some cases it might be not sufficient. Para-aortic lymphadenopathy should be considered as a possible pitfall in the differential diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are associated to a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic disfunction has been observed in DM patients, even if ejection fraction is preserved. The impact of SGLT2i on cardiac structure and function is still unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of SGLT2i on LV remodelling and global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with well compensated TIIDM. Methods Between November 2021 to April 2022, we prospectively evaluated 35 consecutives subjects with TIIDM in need of SGLT2i according to their referring physician. Main inclusion criteria were preserved ejection fraction (EF>50%), no history of heart failure and coronary artery disease, and the lack of moderate to severe valvular heart disease and chronic kidney disease (EGFR Results 17 patients have been evaluated for statistical analysis (6% F, mean age 65± 9 years). GLS (p=0,007) and EF (p=0.01) reached statistically significance after 6 months therapy. Moreover on ECG analysis, we found significant reduction in P-wave dispersion (p =0.019). However no statistically significant changes in diastolic function parameters and Myocardial Work indices have been found. Conclusions Our study showed that SGLT2i treatment in people with T2DM may display a positive effect on LV remodelling and improve GLS, even in patients with low-risk DM. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; SGLT2 inhibitors; Speckle tracking echocardiography; Left ventricular systolic function; Cardiac remodelling.

Aims Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended in preference to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) eligible for oral anticoagulation therapy; however, data and clinical experiences supporting the use of DOACs in patients with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 or weight >120 kg remain limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of DOACs in patients with AF and extreme obesity. Methods and results We enrolled all consecutive patients with AF and extreme obesity undergoing treatment with DOACs followed up at Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. To determine peak plasma and trough levels of DOACs, plasma samples were collected at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 12th hours from the last dose intake in patients receiving apixaban and dabigatran and at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 24th hours in those receiving edoxaban and rivaroxaban. The DOACs’ peak and trough plasma levels obtained from our study population were compared with those sourced from pharmacokinetic studies among patients without obesity, defined as a normal reference range in the literature. If at least 1 peak or trough plasma level was found below or above the normal reference ranges, the patients were classified as having out-of-range DOAC plasma levels. Study population was then divided into in-range and out-of-range groups. Baseline characteristics, including DOAC treatment, were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify baseline variables associated with DOACs’ plasma concentration out of the expected range. A total of 58 patients [mean (SD) age, 70.93 (8.73) years; 40% female] with extreme obesity [mean (SD) body mass index, 44.43 (3.54) kg/m2] and AF while undergoing DOAC treatment was included in the present study. In nine patients (15.5%), the DOAC plasma concentrations were out of the expected ranges (out-of-range group);, indicating a greater likelihood of edoxaban 30 mg treatment (33% vs. 2%; P Conclusions Patients with extreme obesity and AF who were receiving DOAC therapy had DOAC plasma concentrations in the expected range. The inappropriate DOAC underdosing seems to be the only independent clinical factor associated with a plasma concentration of the drug out of the expected range.

Anna Rago,1 Enrica Pezzullo,1 Marco Malvezzi Caracciolo d’Aquino,1 Gabriella Scognamiglio,1 Valentina Maria Caso,2 Francesco Martone,3 Emilio Attena,4 Valentina Parisi,5 Antonio D’Onofrio,4 Paolo Golino,1 Gerardo Nigro,1 Vincenzo Russo1 1Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy; 2Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of the Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy; 3Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy; 4Departmental Unit of Electrophysiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy; 5Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyCorrespondence: Vincenzo RussoDepartment of Medical Transalational Sciences, University of Campania - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Naples, 80131, ItalyFax +39-0817587482Email v.p.russo@libero.itAim: The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing electrical cardioversion (EC).Methods: A propensity score-matched analysis was performed in order to identify two homogeneous groups including AF patients on NOACs and VKAs treatment scheduled for EC. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding. The composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and systemic embolism (SE) was the primary effectiveness endpoint. The discontinuation rate of anticoagulant therapy was assessed.Results: A total of 495 AF patients on NOACs therapy and scheduled for EC were compared to 495 VKAs recipients. No statistically significant differences in the incidence of both major bleeding (1.01% versus 1.4%; P= 0.5) and thromboembolic events (0.6% versus 0.8%; P= 0.7) were observed during a mean follow-up of 15 ± 3 months. The discontinuation rate of NOACs was significantly lower compared to VKAs (1.6% versus 3.6%, P=0.04).Conclusion: We showed a safe and effective clinical profile of NOACs among AF patients scheduled for electrical cardioversion in real-life setting. Patients on NOACs therapy showed a lower discontinuation rate compared to those on VKAs.Keywords: atrial fibrillation, electrical cardioversion, transesophageal echocardiogram, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, discontinuation rate, vitamin K antagonists

Background Doppler echocardiography is ideally suited for assessment of diastolic function, being widely available, non-invasive, and less expensive than other techniques. However, data regarding age- and gender-matched reference values of right ventricular diastolic function are limited. This study aims to explore the physiologic variations of right ventricle (RV) diastolic function in a large cohort of healthy adults, and to investigate clinical and echocardiographic correlates. Methods From June 2007 to February 2014, 1168 healthy Caucasian subjects [mean age 45.1 ± 15.6 years, range 16–92; 555 (47.5%) men] underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) following current guidelines. The following RV main diastolic measurements were measured: peak early inflow velocity (E), annular both early (e′) and atrial (a′) velocities, E/e′ ratio. Results RV E/e′ constantly increases with age in females, but do not change substantially in males. RV E/A constantly decreases with age in both genders. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis underlined a close significant association of RV diastolic function with both right and left heart morphologic measurements (right atrial area, RV diameters, left atrial volume) and functional indexes (TAPSE, RV tissue Doppler peak systolic velocity, left ventricular E/Ee′), as well as with indexes of increased pulmonary resistance. Conclusion Our data highlight the potential usefulness of different normal reference values according to the age and gender to correctly evaluate RV diastolic function. Differences in terms of demographic and anthropometric parameters could be useful to avoid potential misclassification of RV diastolic function when based on dichotomously suggested normal cut-off values.

Cardiac changes in athletes involve the left ventricle and atrium. Mild left atrial enlargement is common among competitive athletes, possibly a physiologic adaptation to exercise conditioning. The prevalence of this remodeling and the association with supraventricular arrhythmias has not been systematically addressed. Echocardiography screens for patients with disease involving the left atrium. New techniques like speckle tracking can recognize early atrial dysfunction and assess left atrial myocardial function in patients with either physiologic or pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy. This article reviews echocardiographic techniques in delineating the athlete's morphology and functional properties of the left atrium.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a noninvasive ultrasound study, which has been extensively applied in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Its main use in current clinical practice is the research for "Paradoxical Embolism," due to migration of thromboembolic material from systemic venous circulation to the left cardiac chambers and arterial circulation through cardiopulmonary shunts such as patent foramen ovale which represents an important cause of cryptogenic stroke, especially in patients under 55 years of age. In this review, we shall describe the incremental diagnostic role in cryptogenic stroke for this imaging modality. TCD not only can be used to detect right-left cardiopulmonary shunts but it also allows to classify the grade of severity of such shunts using the so-called "Microembolic Signals grading score."

Clinical presentation, diagnosis and outcomes of cardiac diseases are influenced by the activity of sex steroid hormones. These hormonal differences explain the later development of heart diseases in women in comparison with men and the different clinical picture, management and prognosis. Echocardiography is a noninvasive and easily available technique for the analysis of cardiac structure and function. The aim of the present review is to underline the most important echocardiographic differences between sexes. Several echocardiographic studies have found differences in healthy populations between women and men. Sex-specific difference of some of these parameters, such as left ventricular (LV) linear dimensions and left atrial volume, can be explained on the grounds of smaller body size of women, but other parameters (LV volumes, stroke volume and ejection fraction, right ventricular size and systolic function) are specifically lower in women, even after adjusting for body size and age. Sex-specific differences of standard Doppler and Tissue Doppler diastolic indices remain controversial, but it is likely for aging to affect LV diastolic function more in women than in men. Global longitudinal strain appears to be higher in women during the childbearing age - a finding that also highlights a possible hormonal influence in women. All these findings have practical implications, and sex-specific reference values are necessary for the majority of echocardiographic parameters in order to distinguish normalcy from disease. Careful attention on specific cut-off points in women could avoid misinterpretation, inappropriate management and delayed treatment of cardiac diseases such as valvular disease and heart failure.

Several studies have described the adaptive remodeling of the heart during exercise. In some more practiced endurance athletes, there is a disproportionate load on the right ventricle (RV), at least during exercise, and this might be the basis for a chronic pro-arrhythmic RV remodeling. Especially, in these kinds of athletes the recovery after detraining might be incomplete, in particular for RV changes. The observation of acute myocardial injury based on transient elevation of biomarkers and chronic myocardial scar, not completely reversible changes of the RV and an increased prevalence of some arrhythmias support the existence of an "exercise-induced cardiomyopathy." The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge about changes in the right heart in highly trained athletes and how these change influence cardiac function.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) cannot be considered an innocent finding, but it is not necessarily a life-threatening condition. Athletes with BAV should undergo a thorough staging of the valve anatomy, taking into consideration hemodynamic factors, as well as aortic diameters and looking for other associated significant cardiovascular anomalies by use of a multimodality cardiac imaging approach. Furthermore an accurate follow-up is mandatory with serial cardiological controls in those allowed to continue sports.

Intense exercise may cause heart remodeling to compensate increases in blood pressure or volume by increasing muscle mass. Cardiac changes do not involve only the left ventricle, but all heart chambers. Physiological cardiac modeling in athletes is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function, but recent studies have documented decrements in left ventricular function during intense exercise and the release of cardiac markers of necrosis in athlete’s blood of uncertain significance. Furthermore, cardiac remodeling may predispose athletes to heart disease and result in electrical remodeling, responsible for arrhythmias. Athlete’s heart is a physiological condition and does not require a specific treatment. In some conditions, it is important to differentiate the physiological adaptations from pathological conditions, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle, and non-compaction myocardium, for the greater risk of sudden cardiac death of these conditions. Moreover, some drugs and performance-enhancing drugs can cause structural alterations and arrhythmias, therefore, their use should be excluded.

BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are inherited lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiency of required glycosaminoglycans breakdown enzymes, inducing cardiac involvement. Little is known about myocardial deformation involvement in MPS. Our aim was to assess biventricular structure and function in asymptomatic children with MPS using standard echo Doppler and 2D speckle tracking (STE). METHODS Fifteen MPS children (one type I, six type II, three type III A, one III B, three IV A, one VI), asymptomatic for cardiac symptoms, and 15 age and sex-matched healthy controls underwent echo Doppler and STE. Left ventricular (LV) wall thicknesses, diameters, and mass were normalized by z-score. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS) at papillary muscles, LV twisting, and right ventricular (RV) GLS were measured. RESULTS The two groups were comparable for body mass index, heart rate, and blood pressure. LV mass index and relative wall thickness were higher in MPS. Ejection fraction (EF), and s' velocity did not differ between the two groups. E/A ratio was lower and E/e' higher in MPS. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV s' and e' were lower in MPS. LV GLS did not differ between the two groups, but GCS (P=.014), GRS (P=.023), twisting (P=.012), and RV GLS (P

Cardiac changes in athletes involve the left ventricle and atrium. Mild left atrial enlargement is common among competitive athletes, possibly a physiologic adaptation to exercise conditioning. The prevalence of this remodeling and the association with supraventricular arrhythmias has not been systematically addressed. Echocardiography screens for patients with disease involving the left atrium. New techniques like speckle tracking can recognize early atrial dysfunction and assess left atrial myocardial function in patients with either physiologic or pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy. This article reviews echocardiographic techniques in delineating the athlete's morphology and functional properties of the left atrium.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a noninvasive ultrasound study, which has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It involves the use of a low-frequency (≤2 MHz) transducer, placed on the scalp, to insonate the basal cerebral arteries through relatively thin bone windows and to measure the cerebral blood flow velocity and its alteration in many different conditions. In neurointensive care setting, TCD is useful for both adults and children for day-to-day bedside assessment of critical conditions including vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and brain stem death. It also allows to investigate the cerebrovascular autoregulation in setting of carotid disease and syncope. In this review, we will describe physical principles underlying TCD, flow indices most frequently used in clinical practice and critical care applications in Neurocritical Unit care.

Riassunto Obiettivi Lo scopo dello studio e stato quello di stabilire se la frazione di eiezione del ventricolo destro stimata all’ecocardiografia tridimensionale real-time (real-time 3D echocardiography, RT3DE) possa individuare i pazienti affetti da cardiomiopatia dilatativa (dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM) con capacita funzionale maggiormente compromessa al test cardiopolmonare. Materiali e metodi 55 pazienti affetti da cardiomiopatia dilatativa in fase di scompenso cardiaco cronico (eta 56,5 ± 9,1 anni; 40 maschi; 30 di eziologia ischemica; Classe NYHA III: 40) e 30 soggetti sani di controllo sono stati sottoposti attraverso RT3DE all’analisi sia del ventricolo sinistro sia del ventricolo destro. Dopo aver acquisito le immagini, il software post processing ha elaborato i dati della RT3DE relativi all’indice di dissincronia sistolica (systolic dyssynchrony index, SDI) dei 16 segmenti del ventricolo sinistro e ha registrato, inoltre, la frazione di eiezione del ventricolo sinistro e del ventricolo destro. La risonanza magnetica cardiaca e stata effettuata in un sottogruppo di 20 pazienti affetti da cardiomiopatia dilatativa per confermare le misurazioni ottenute mediante RT3DE. Tutti i pazienti con cardiomiopatia dilatativa sono stati inoltre sottoposti a test cardiopolmonare, condotto al cicloergometro, per la misurazione di VO2 di picco (espresso come percentuale del valore predetto), soglia anaerobica (VE/VCO2 slope) e circulatory power (CP). Risultati Nei pazienti dilatati la frazione di eiezione media era pari a 29,8 ± 4,6%. Il valore di SDI del ventricolo sinistro valutato alla RT3DE era 8,4 ± 4,2 e la frazione di eiezione del ventricolo destro era 51,3 ± 4,6%. Al test cardiopolmonare il valore medio di VO2 di picco era 15,2 ± 4,4 mL/kg/min, mentre quello di CP era 2,1 ± 0,8. Attraverso l’analisi univariata, la frazione di eiezione del ventricolo destro e risultata direttamente proporzionale al VO2 di picco (%) (r = 0,55; p Conclusioni Nei pazienti affetti da cardiomiopatia dilatativa la riduzione della funzione sistolica del ventricolo destro e associata in maniera indipendente a una peggiore tolleranza all’esercizio fisico aerobico.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to define the range of left ventricular (LV) velocities and deformation indexes in highly trained athletes, analyzing potential differences induced by different long-term training protocols. METHODS: Standard echocardiography, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography, and two-dimensional strain echocardiography of the interventricular septum and lateral wall were performed in 370 endurance athletes and 280 power athletes. Using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler, the following parameters of myocardial function were assessed: systolic peak velocities (S(m)), early (E(m)) and late (A(m)) diastolic velocities, and the E(m)/A(m) ratio. By two-dimensional strain echocardiography, peaks of regional systolic strain and LV global longitudinal strain were calculated. RESULTS: LV mass index and ejection fraction did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, power athletes showed an increased sum of wall thicknesses (P < .01) and relative wall thickness, while LV stroke volume and LV end-diastolic diameter (P < .001) were greater in endurance athletes. By pulsed-wave tissue Doppler analysis, E(m) and E(m)/A(m) at both the septal and lateral wall levels were higher in endurance athletes. By two-dimensional strain echocardiography, myocardial deformation indexes were comparable between the two groups. E(m)/A(m) ratios ≥ 1 were found in the overall population, while 90 % of athletes had an E(m) ≥ 16 cm/sec, S(m) ≥ 10 cm/sec, and global longitudinal strain ≤ -16%. Multivariate analyses evidenced independent positive association between Em peak velocity and LV end-diastolic volume (P < .001) and an independent correlation of global longitudinal strain with the sum of LV wall thicknesses (P < .005). CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the full spectrum of systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities and deformation indexes in a large population of competitive athletes.

Non-invasive Doppler ultrasonographic study of cerebral arteries [transcranial Doppler (TCD)] has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It is performed placing a low-frequency (≤ 2 MHz) transducer on the scalp of the patient over specific acoustic windows, in order to visualize the intracranial arterial vessels and to evaluate the cerebral blood flow velocity and its alteration in many different conditions. Nowadays the most widespread indication for TCD in outpatient setting is the research of right to left shunting, responsable of so called “paradoxical embolism”, most often due to patency of foramen ovale which is responsable of the majority of cryptogenic strokes occuring in patients younger than 55 years old. TCD also allows to classify the grade of severity of such shunts using the so called “microembolic signal grading score”. In addition TCD has found many useful applications in neurocritical care practice. It is useful on both adults and children for day-to-day bedside assessment of critical conditions including vasospasm in subarachnoidal haemorrhage (caused by aneurysm rupture or traumatic injury), traumatic brain injury, brain stem death. It is used also to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes after stroke. It also allows to investigate cerebral pressure autoregulation and for the clinical evaluation of cerebral autoregulatory reserve.

Objectives: To explore the full range of right heart dimensions and the impact of long-term intensive training in athletes. Background: Although echocardiography has been widely used to distinguish the athlete's heart from pathologic left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, only few reports have described right ventricular (RV) and right atrial (RA) adaptations to extensive physical exercise. Methods: 650 top-level athletes [395 endurance-(ATE) and 255 strength-trained (ATS); 410 males (63.1%); mean age 28.4 +/- 10.1; 18-40 years] and 230 healthy age-and sex-comparable controls underwent a transthoracic echocardiographic exam. Along with left heart parameters, right heart measurements included: RV end-diastolic diameters at the basal and mid-cavity level; RV base-to-apex length; RV proximal and distal outflow tract diameters; RA long and short diameters; and RA area. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and RV tissue Doppler systolic peak velocity were assessed as indexes of RV systolic function. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was estimated from the peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity. Results: ATS showed increased sum of wall thickness and relative wall thickness, whereas left atrial volume, LV end-diastolic volume, LV stroke volume and PASP were significantly higher in ATE. RV and RA measurements were all significantly greater in ATE than in ATS and controls. ATE also showed improved early diastolic RV function, whereas RV systolic indexes were comparable among groups. On multivariate analysis, type and duration of training (p

OBJECTIVES: To detect right ventricular myocardial function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2DSE) and to evaluate the relationship between right ventricular dysfunction and response to cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). METHODS: Seventy-five DCM patients (44 idiopathic and 31 ischemic) without clinical signs of right ventricular failure underwent standard echo, 2DSE analysis of right ventricle and bicycle CPET. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable for clinical and standard two-dimensional echocardiographic and Doppler variables, except for right ventricular diameters that were mildly increased in patients with idiopathic DCM. Right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) and regional peak myocardial right ventricular strain were significantly impaired in patients with idiopathic DCM compared with ischemic DCM (both P

Aim of the present study was to analyze both left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) myocardial function in patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), and their relation to other instrumental features of the disease.Twenty-five healthy subjects and 23 age- and sex-comparable asymptomatic patients classified as having either diffuse (11 patients) or limited form (12 patients) of SSc underwent clinical examination, serological tests, high-resolution chest-CT, standard Doppler echo, pulsed Doppler myocardial imaging (DMI) and strain rate imaging (SRI) of both LV and RV lateral walls. By chest-CT, 11 patients showed interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Serological antibodies analysis detected anti-centromere pattern in 8 patients, and anti Scl-70 in 15 patients. LV diameters and ejection fraction were comparable between the two groups, while RV end-diastolic diameter was increased in SSc (p0.01). Tricuspid inflow E/A ratio was slightly decreased in SSc (p0.01), while systolic pulmonary pressure was increased (p0.001). Pulsed DMI detected in SSc impaired myocardial RV early-diastolic (Em) peak velocity (p0.0001), and prolonged myocardial time intervals at tricuspid annulus level. In SSc, peak systolic RV SR and strain were both reduced in basal, middle and apical RV lateral free walls, and in basal and middle LV lateral walls. By multivariate analysis, independent inverse association of RV peak Em velocity with both Rodnan Skin Score (p0.0005) and pulmonary systolic pressure (p0.0001), as well as independent inverse correlation of the same RV peak Em velocity with pulmonary fibrosis (0.0005) in SSc patients were observed. In addition, RV Em was an independent predictor of the anti Scl-70 antibody pattern (p0.001).Pulsed DMI and SRI are valuable non-invasive and easy-repeatable tools for detecting RV and LV myocardial involvement caused by SSc, and may therefore be useful to early identify patients with more diffused and severe form of SSc.