Search

Panochthus subintermedius was originally named by Castellanos in 1933, without any diagnosis and no type material designated. In 1936, he briefly described and designated a holotype for this species (MACN-Pv 5130) and subsequently, in 1942, completed the description, but a diagnosis was still lacking. Some authors have considered this species as nomem nudum, but others have accepted its validity since 1942. In this contribution we propose that Castellanos's 1936 paper is the valid name-establishing publication for this species. The holotype includes a large portion of dorsal carapace, the caudal tube, and remains of postcranial skeleton, belonging to a single specimen from the Ensenadan Stage/Age (early-middle Pleistocene) of Buenos Aires, Argentina. In contrast to the original description, new observations of the holotype reveal that the superficial surface of the dorsal carapace osteoderms is ornamented with small polygonal figures without a principal one. This ornamentation differs from that of P. intermedius Lydekker (the only species accepted up to now for the Ensenadan), with a central figure in most of its osteoderms. The caudal tube of P. subintermedius differs from those of the Bonaerian-Lujanian species (middle late Pleistocene-early Holocene), in having a sharper distal end, one apical dorsal figure, and a higher number of central figures along the entire dorsal surface. No caudal tube associated with the carapace of P. intermedius is known. Accordingly, P. subintermedius can be clearly distinguished from other Panochthini species by a unique combination of carapace and caudal tube characters. This new combination of characters provides more information on this taxon and other species of Panochthini for future studies in the interrelationships of Glyptodontia. Fil: Cruz, Laura Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Zamorano, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina Fil: Scillato, Gustavo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina

The Megatheriinae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) are recorded in Argentina from the middle Miocene to the early Holocene. Only the genus Megatherium, comprising several species of controversial validity, is recognized for the Pleistocene of the Pampean region. Megatherium americanum is the best studied species and occurs frequently in sediments assigned to the Lujanian stage (Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus Biozone, c. 0.13-0.08 My). On the other hand, M. gallardoi and M. silenum, both from Ensenadan sediments (Mesotherium cristatum Biozone) of Buenos Aires Province, have been considered by some authors as synonyms of M. americanum. The main goal of this contribution is to complete the description of M. gallardoi, clarify its taxonomic status, and establish its relationships with other megatheriines. Th e most remarkable features of M. gallardoi are: premaxillae not fused to each other or to the maxillae; mandibular ramus relatively low; femur with lateral and medial diaphyseal of the patellar trochlea; humerus and femur robust. Based on the anatomical and comparative analysis, we propose that: 1) M. gallardoi is a valid species; 2) specimen MACN Pv 5002 (holotype of M. gallardoi) is an adult individual; 3) M. gallardoi is related to the clade formed by M. americanum and M. altiplanicum; and 4) M. silenum (the other Megatheriinae known for the Ensenadan Stage of Argentina) should be considered nomen vanum because it lacks diagnostic features and corresponds undoubtedly to a juvenile individual., Les Megatheriinae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) sont enregistrés en Argentine depuis le Miocène moyen jusqu’à l’Holocène basal. Dans le Pléistocène de la région de la Pampa, on reconnaît uniquement Megatherium, lequel présente plusieurs espèces dont la validité reste controversée. Megatherium americanum est l’espèce la plus souvent étudiée et se retrouve fréquemment dans des sédiments assignés à l’étage Lujanien (biozone d’Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus, c. 0,13-0,08 Ma). D’autre part, M. gallardoi et M. silenum provenant des sédiments ensénadéens (biozone de Mesotherium cristatum) de la province de Buenos Aires, ont été considérés comme synonymes de M. americanum par quelques auteurs. Le principal objectif de cette contribution est de compléter la description de M. gallardoi, de clarifi er son statut taxonomique et d’établir son lien avec d’autres Megatheriinae. Les caractéristiques les plus remarquables de M. gallardoi sont : premaxillaires non fusionnées entre eux, ni avec les maxillaires; branche horizontale de la mandibule relativement basse; bords latéraux de la diaphyse du fémur concaves; diaphyses élargies transversalement; réduction médiale de la trochlea de la rotule; humérus et fémur robustes. L’analyse comparative de l’anatomie permet de proposer que : 1) M. gallardoi est une espèce valide; 2) le spécimen MACN Pv 5002 (holotype de M. gallardoi) correspond à un individu adulte; 3) M. gallardoi présente des relation de parenté avec le clade formé par M. americanum et M. altiplanicum; et 4) M. silenum (l’autre Megatheriinae de l’étage ensénadéen argentin) doit être considéré nomen vanum car il manque de caractères diagnostiques et correspond sans doute à un individu juvénile., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Brandoni, Diego, Soibelzon, Esteban, Scarano, Alejo (2008): On Megatherium gallardoi (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) and the Megatheriinae from the Ensenadan (lower to middle Pleistocene) of the Pampean region, Argentina. Geodiversitas 30 (4): 793-804, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651208, {"references":["AMEGHINO F. 1881. - La antiguedad del hombre en el Plata. Volumen 2. Masson, Paris; Igon Hermanos, Buenos Aires, 557 p.","AMEGHINO F. 1889. - Contribucion al conocimiento de los mamiferos fosiles de la Republica Argentina. Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, 6: 1-1027.","AMEGHINO F. 1910. - Geologia, paleogeografia, paleontologia y antropologia de la Republica Argentina. La Nacion, Tiraje especial 25.V.1910: 1-28.","AMEGHINO C. & KRAGLIEVICH L. 1921. - Descripcion del \"Megatherium gallardoi\" C. Amegh. descubierto en el Pampeano inferior de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 31: 134-156.","BARGO M. S. 2001. - El aparato masticatorio de los perezosos terrestres (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) del Pleistoceno de Argentina. Morfometria y biomecanica. Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 400 p.","BARGO M. S., DE IULIIS G. & VIZCAINO S. F. 2006a. - Hypsodonty in Pleistocene ground sloths. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 51 (1): 53-61.","BARGO M. S., TOLEDO N. & VIZCAINO S. F. 2006b. - Muzzle of South American Pleistocene Ground Sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada). Journal of Morphology 267: 248-263.","BRANDONI D. 2005. - Los Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) de la Formacion Ituzaingo (Mioceno Superior-Plioceno) de la provincia de Entre Rios, in ACENOLAZA F. (ed.),Temas de la Biodiversidad Fluvial del Litoral II, INSUGEO. Miscelanea 14: 27-35.","BRANDONI D. 2006. - Los Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheridae) Terciarios de la Argentina. Sistematica, Evolucion y Biogeografia. Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 292 p.","BRANDONI D. & SCILLATO- YANE G. J. 2007. - Los Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) del Terciario de Entre Rios, Argentina: aspectos taxonomicos y sistematicos. Ameghiniana 44 (2): 427-434.","BRANDONI D. & DE IULIIS G. 2007. - A new genus for the megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga, Megatheriidae) from the Arroyo Chasico Formation (upper Miocene) of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen 244 (1): 53-64.","CARLINI A. A. & SCILLATO- YANE G. J. 1999. - Evolution of Quaternary Xenarthrans (Mammalia) of Argentina, in RABASSA J. & SALEMME M. C. (eds), Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula: 149-176.","CARLINI A.A., BRANDONI D., SCILLATO- YANE G.J. & PUJOS F. 2002. - Una nueva especie de megaterino (Xenar-","CARLINI A. A., BRANDONI D. & SANCHEZ R. 2006. - First megatheriines (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga, Megatheriidae) from the Urumaco (late Miocene) and Codore (Pliocene) Formations, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 4 (3): 269-278.","CARLINI A. A., BRANDONI D. & SANCHEZ R. 2008. - Additions to the knowledge of Urumaquia robusta (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga, Megatheriidae) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), Estado Falcon, Venezuela. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 82 (2): 153-162.","CARTELLE C. & DE IULIIS G. 2006. - Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund) (Xenarthra, Megatheriidae), the panamerican giant ground sloth: taxonomic aspects of the ontogeny of skull and dentition. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4 (2): 199-209.","CASAMIQUELA R. M. & SEPULVEDA F. 1974. - Catalogacion critica de algunos vertebrados fosiles Chilenos. III. Los megaterioideos. Sobre Megatherium medinae Philippi. Ameghiniana 11 (2): 97-123.","CIONE A. L. & TONNI E. P. 2005. - Bioestratigrafia basada en mamiferos del Cenozoico superior de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, in DE BARRIO R. E., ETCHEVERRY R. O., CABALLE M. F. & LLAM- BIAS E. (eds), Relatorio del 16o Congreso Geologico Argentino 11: 183-200.","CIONE A. L., TONNI E. P., BOND M., CARLINI A. A., PARDINAS U.F.J., SCILLATO- YANE G. J., VERZI, D. H. & VUCETICH M. G. 1999. - Ocurrence charts of Pleistocene mammals in the Pampean area, eastern Argentina, in RABASSA J. & SALEMME M. C. (eds), Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula: 53-59.","DE IULIIS G. 1996. - A Systematic Review of the Megatheriinae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae). Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 781 p.","DE IULIIS G. 2003. - Toward a morphofunctional understanding of the humerus of Megatheriinae: the identity and homology of some diaphyseal humeral features (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (1): 68-78.","DE IULIIS G. 2006. - On the taxonomic status of Megatherium sundti Philippi, 1893 (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheridae). Ameghiniana 43 (1): 161-169.","DE IULIIS G. & SAINT- ANDRE P. A. 1997. - Eremotherium sefvei nov. sp. (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the Pleistocene of Ulloma, Bolivia. Geobios 30: 453-461.","DE IULIIS G., RE G. H. & VIZCAINO S. F. 2004. - The Toro Negro Megatheriine (Mammalia, Xenarthra): a new species of Pyramiodontherium and a review of Plesiomegatherium. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (1): 214-227.","DE IULIIS G., BRANDONI D. & SCILLATO- YANE G. J. 2008.- New remains of Megathericulus patagonicus","Ameghino, 1904 (Xenarthra, Megatheriidae): information on primitive features of megatheriines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (1): 181-196.","DELSUC F., CATZEFLIS F.M., STANHOPE M. J. & DOUZERY E. J. P. 2001. - The evolution of armadillos, anteaters and sloths depicted by nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies: Implications for the status of the enigmatic fossil Eurotamandua. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series B 268: 1605-1615.","DELSUC F., SCALLY M., MADSEN O., STANHOPE M. J., DE JONG W. W., CATZEFLIS F. M., SPRINGER M. S. & DOUZERY E. J. P. 2002. - Molecular phylogeny of living xenarthrans and the impact of character and taxon sampling on the placental tree rooting.Molecular Biology and Evolution 19: 1656-1671.","DUARTE R. G. 1997. - Gliptodontes del Pleistoceno tardio de Agua de Las Palomas, Campos del Pucara, Catamarca, Argentina. Variaciones morfologicas del caparazon de Glyptodon reticulatus Owen, 1845. Ameghiniana 34 (3): 345-355.","FARINA R. H. & VIZCAINO S. F. 2003. - Slow moving or browsers? A note on nomenclature, in FARINA R. A., VIZCAINO S. F.& STORCH G. (eds), Morphological studies in fossil and extant Xenarthra (Mammalia). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (1): 3-4.","HOFFSTETTER R. 1949. - Sobre los Megatheriidae del Pleistoceno del Ecuador. Schaubia, gen. nov. Boletin de informaciones Cientificas Nacionales 3 (25): 1-47.","LATHAM J. & DAVIES H. 1795. - Faunula indica. Apendice a Forster. J. R. Zoologia indica. Ed. secunda. Halle a. S. 38 p.","MCKENNA M. C. & BELL S. K. 1997. - Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 640 p.","MADSEN O., SCALLY M., DOUADY C. J., KAO D. J., DE BRY R. W., ADKINS R., AMRINE H. M., STANHOPE M. J., DE JONG W.W. & SPRINGER M. S. 2001. - Parallel adaptative radiations in two major clades of placental mammals. Nature 409: 610-614.","MURPHY W. J., EIZIRICK E., JONHSON W. E., ZHANG Y. P., RYDER O. A. & O' BRIEN S. J. 2001. - Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature 409: 614-618.","POLITIS G. G., MESSINEO P. G. & KAUFMANN C. A. 2004. - El poblamiento temprano de las llanuras pampeanas de Argentina y Uruguay. Complutum 15: 207-224.","POLITIS G. G. & MESSINEO P.G. 2008. - The Campo Laborde site: New evidence for the Holocene survival of Pleistocene megafauna in the Argentine Pampas. Quaternary International 191: 98-114.","PUJOS F. 2006. - Megatherium celendinense sp. nov. from the Pleistocene of Peruvian Andes and the megatheriine phylogenetic relationship. Palaeontology 49 (1): 285-306","PUJOS F. & SALAS R. 2004. - A new species of Mega-","RUSCONI C. 1929. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles procedentes del Piso Ensenadense halladas por el autor. Edicion privada, Buenos Aires, 15 p.","RUSCONI C. 1931. - Restos de mamiferos fosiles hallados en las excavaciones del nuevo Mercado de Abastos Proveedor de la Capital Federal. \"La Ingenieria\" 35 (7): 501-508.","RUSCONI C. 1936. - Distribucion de los vertebrados fosiles del piso Ensenadense. Boletin de la Academia nacional de Ciencias 33: 138-215.","RUSCONI C. 1937. - Contribucion al conocimiento de la Geologia de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y sus alrededores y referencia a su fauna. Actas de la Academia nacional de Ciencias de la Republica Argentina: 177-384.","SAINT- ANDRE P. A. & DE IULIIS G. 2001. - The smallest and most ancient representative of the genus Megatherium Cuvier, 1796 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheriidae), from the Pliocene of the Bolivian Altiplano. Geodiversitas 23 (4): 625-645.","SCILLATO- YANE G. J. 1982. - Los Dasypodidae (Mammalia, Edentata) del Plioceno y Pleistoceno de Argentina. Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 159 p.","SIMPSON G. G. 1948. - The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. I. Introduction: Marsupialia, Edentata, Condylarthra, Litopterna and Noioprogonia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 91: 1-232.","SOIBELZON E. 2008. - Los mamiferos del Ensenadense (Pleistoceno inferior-medio) del este de la region Pampeana, con enfasis en los Xenarthra. Bioestratigrafia, diversidad y correlaciones biogeograficas.Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 304 p.","SOIBELZON E., ZURITA A. E. & CARLINI A. A. 2006. - Glyptodon munizi (Mammalia, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae): redescripcion y anatomia. Ameghiniana 43 (3): 377-385.","SOIBELZON E., TONNI E. P. & BIDEGAIN J. C. 2008. - Cronologia, magnetoestratigrafia y caracterizacion bioestratigrafica del Ensenadense (Pleistoceno inferiormedio) en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 63 (3): 421-429.","SOIBELZON L. H. 2004. - Revision sistematica de los Tremarctinae (Carnivora: Ursidae) fosiles de America del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 6 (1): 105-131.","VIZCAINO S. F. & SCILLATO- YANE G. J. 1995. - An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Seymour Island, West Antarctica. Antarctic Science 7 (4): 407-408.","ZETTI J. 1964. - El hallazgo de un Megatheriidae en el \"medano invasor\" del SW de Toay, provincia de La Pampa. Ameghiniana 3 (9): 257-265.","ZURITA A. 2007. - Sistematica y evolucion de los Hoplophorini (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae, Hoplophorinae. Mioceno tardio-Holoceno temprano). Importancia bioestratigrafica, paleobiogeografica y paleoambiental. Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 363 p.","ZURITA A., SCILLATO- YANE G. J. & CARLINI A.A.2005.- Paleozoogeographic, biostratigraphic, and systematic aspects of the Genus Sclerocalyptus Ameghino, 1891 (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) of Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 20: 121-129."]}

Using species of the genus Sclerocalyptus Ameghino, 1891, found in Argentina and considered valid, the authors recognize: (1) four species for the Ensenadan stage (Late Pliocene-Middle Pleistocene): S. pseudornatus (Ameghino), restricted to Buenos Aires province; S. ornatus (Owen), recorded at Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santa Fe provinces; S. perfectus (Gervais and Ameghino) in Buenos Aires and Santiago del Estero provinces; and S. cordubensis (Ameghino), endemic to west-central Córdoba province; (2) a single species for the Bonaerian stage (Middle-Late Pleistocene), S. migoyanus, restricted to the Buenos Aires province; and (3) Lujanian taxa (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) represented by Sclerocalyptus cf. S. heusseri (Ameghino), distributed in Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Tucumán, Corrientes, and Santa Fe provinces, and S. evidens (Ameghino) in Salta province. From a paleoenvironmental standpoint, the Sclerocalyptus species show adaptations to arid-semiarid and cold environments, such as strong development of the fronto-nasal sinuses, a characteristic that probably appeared during the Sanadresian-Ensenadan. Sclerocalyptus is not frequent in those areas in which relatively more humid and warm climates than those inferred for the Pampean region and central northern Argentina (e.g. Mesopotamia, west of Uruguay, south of Brazil) prevailed during the Quaternary. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Fil: Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina Fil: Scillato, Gustavo Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina Fil: Carlini, Alfredo Armando. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina