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Rapid urbanization has promoted the development in human production and living standards, and the metabolic rhythm of metal resources has accelerated. Grasping the metabolic processes of metal resources and predicting their future development trends can help the country refine the formulation and adaptability of metal resource production and the recycling strategies for sustainable development. In this study, from the perspective of the entire life cycle of steel resources as an example, a system dynamics-based metal resource metabolism prediction model was established to predict the steel resources in the three stages, including production, in-use and end-of-life recycling. The trend in changes in steel resources production, in-use stock, end-of-life and recycling in mainland China from 1990 to 2020 were also analyzed. The results show that the volume of all stages of steel resource metabolism in mainland China from 1990 to 2020 has shown an increasing trend, and will reach a peak around 2040 and then remain stable. The steel resources in all the metabolism stages in mainland China were predominantly distributed in buildings. In mainland China, steel resource production efficiency reached above 0.9 and the steel resource outflow rate was 0.079, within which the domestic scrap rate reached 0.022 and the recycling rate reached above 0.8.

As one of the most important crops in the world, rice (Oryza sativa) is a model plant for metabolome research. Although many studies have focused on the analysis of specific tissues, the changes in metabolite abundance across the entire life cycle have not yet been determined. In this study, combining both targeted and nontargeted metabolite profiling methods, a total of 825 annotated metabolites were quantified in rice samples from different tissues covering the entire life cycle. The contents of metabolites in different tissues of rice were significantly different, with various metabolites accumulating in the plumule and radicle during seed germination. Combining these data with transcriptome data obtained from the same time period, we constructed the Rice Metabolic Regulation Network. The metabolites and co-expressed genes were further divided into 12 clusters according to their accumulation patterns, with members within each cluster displaying a uniform and clear pattern of abundance across development. Using this dataset, we established a comprehensive metabolic profile of the rice life cycle and used two independent strategies to identify novel transcription factors—namely the use of known regulatory genes as bait to screen for new networks underlying lignin metabolism and the unbiased identification of new glycerophospholipid metabolism regulators on the basis of tissue specificity. This study thus demonstrates how guilt-by-association analysis of metabolome and transcriptome data spanning the entire life cycle in cereal crops provides novel resources and tools to aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying important agronomic traits.

Russia is one of the demographically old countries of the world. The process of demographic aging in our country has a number of specific features associated with a change in the age structure of the population, which are determined by the second stage of depopulation; a significant lag in life expectancy indicators not only from economically developed but also from some developing countries; demographic asymmetry by gender; and rather low indicators of healthy life expectancy, which are calculated without accounting for the gender component, and with the burden of diseases dictated by age and accumulated before the age of 65. The current situation increases the relevance of the search for an effective way out of the process of demographic aging, based on strategic approaches to the formation of public health throughout the entire life cycle of a person, including representatives of older age groups.

Poland is characterized by a relatively high level of homeowners (84% of population in 2018). The preference for ownership, as well as financial possibilities, are not balanced throughout the entire life cycle of a household. The scale of these differences, as well as the tendency to change over time, remains unknown. The subject of conducted research is to indicate how the structure of the tenure status of Poles changes over the life cycle of a household. This publication proposes the division of the household life cycle into the stages of formation, stabilization and reduction. The research on the structure of the tenure status of Poles was conducted for the period of 2006-2018. The analysis showed that, while the share of owner-occupiers increased significantly in Poland in the years 2006-2018, at the stage of forming a household rent begins to prevail. What is more, young people are more likely to choose market rent, and relocation to private housing is associated with having children or getting married. At the same time, there is no tendency to relocate to rented flats at the stage of household reduction in Poland.

Estimating the costs of products during development to design a cost efficent product is a well established process. But in the case of Product-Service Systems estimating the costs of the individual product is not sufficent. Instead it is necessary to calculate the cost incured over the entire life cycle of the product. Because with Product-Service Systems the majority of costs is not incurred during manufacturing of the product but instead during the operation. One of the major cost components accruing during the operation of the product are the maintennace costs. Therefore, current life cycle costing models show the impoact of component design on the maintennace cost of the Product-Service System. But they do not show how different maintennace strategies that can have an impact on the overall life cycle costs of the Product-Service System. Thus, this paper shows a method for the implementation of different maintennace strategies into life cycle costing and applies it in an industrial use case.

Although life cycle assessment (LCA) is intensively employed in the residential building sector, the incompleteness problem threatens the reliability of LCA. Considering the incompleteness of LCA studies, this study aims at developing a new calculation tool by evaluating an index of completeness (IoC) of LCA on residential buildings. An in-depth review on the existing LCA studies is conducted, and the frequently involved processes/materials are identified and listed. The calculation tool, IoC-Res, is subsequently developed, enclosing all the processes/materials in the checklist. IoC-Res can evaluate the completeness of the entire life cycle stages of a residential building, giving results for six impact categories. Case studies are conducted with the evaluation of IoCs for six building cases using IoC-Res. The results demonstrate that IoCs can be significantly different among impact categories. High IoCs are found in the impact categories such as climate change and particulate matter, while low IoCs are observed in eutrophication and metal depletion. The developed IoC-Res can provide a quantitative evaluation on the completeness of LCA of residential buildings and hence helps to guarantee the study quality and ultimately improve the reliability of LCA.

The article examines the role and place of modern technologies in the development of modern systems (complexes) of anti-aircraft missile weapons. It is shown that the development of anti-aircraft missile weapons is due to the dialectical confrontation with the means of air attack, the development of which in the developed countries of the world is given special attention. The purpose of the article is to determine the structure and main directions of development of the technological basis necessary for the creation of modern systems (complexes) of anti-aircraft missile weapons in Ukraine. The analysis of the problematic issues of the development of the technological basis in Ukraine is carried out on the example of the medium-range anti-aircraft missile system, as the most complex and science-intensive product of military equipment. It is shown that the creation of such a system in Ukraine is possible only with the transition to the priority creation of a scientific and technical reserve, which can be used as the basis for the creation of radar, fire and other combat assets of this system. Based on the analysis, a list of priority and critical technologies was substantiated. It is shown that the components of these technologies are technologies of active phased antenna arrays, including digital, transmitting and receiving devices, devices for indicating and displaying information, specialized computer technology, communications and other technologies necessary for the creation and use of composite parts of modern medium-range anti-aircraft missile systems. It is shown that the development of the technological basis should be carried out on the basis of the principles of universality and unification, which will allow to reduce costs throughout the entire life cycle of the product, both during its development and production, and during operation. The results obtained can be used to determine priorities in planning research on the creation of technologies necessary for the creation and production in Ukraine of systems (complexes) of anti-aircraft missile weapons, the effectiveness of which will not be inferior to the best world standards.

Para los profesionales de enfermería, el cuidado de la dimensión espiritual ha sido un continuo reto para asumir en el ciclo vital completo y en todas las áreas del desempeño en las cuales enfermería es responsable; la espiritualidad como esencia del cuidado de todo ser humano, debe ser integral con las otras dimensiones, en una reciprocidad entre la persona de cuidado y el profesional. Este artículo tiene como objetivo revisar la literatura del cuidado brindado por el profesional de enfermería en la dimensión espiritual; categorizar y analizar las intervenciones de enfermería de acuerdo a la revisión bibliográfica y proponer acciones desde el arte del cuidado de enfermería. La reflexión del equilibrio dinámico de la vida humana y la interacción con el entorno y los constantes cambios que como personas enfrentamos, origina la necesidad de tener mayor claridad en los aspectos prácticos para el cuidado de la dimensión espiritual, con base en la premisa que la persona es un ser espiritual por la esencia de su naturaleza, por estas razones la dimensión espiritual se debe integrar con la dimensión corporal, social, cognitiva, comunicativa, estética, emocional y ética. Palabras claves: Arte y cuidado de enfermería, dimensión espiritual, ética del cuidado. ABSTRACT For nursing professionals, caring for the spiritual dimension has been a continuous challenge to assume throughout the entire life cycle and in all areas of performance in which nursing is responsible; spirituality as the essence of the care of every human being, must be integral with the other dimensions, in a reciprocity between the caregiver and the professional. This article aims to review the literature on the care provided by the nursing professional in the spiritual dimension; categorize and analyze nursing interventions according to the bibliographic review and propose actions from the art of nursing care. The reflection of the dynamic balance of human life and the interaction with the environment and the constant changes that we as people face, originates the need to have greater clarity in the practical aspects for the care of the spiritual dimension, based on the premise that the person is a spiritual being by the essence of his nature, for these reasons the spiritual dimension must be integrated with the corporal, social, cognitive, communicative, aesthetic, emotional and ethical dimension Keywords: Nursing art and care, spiritual dimension, ethics of care.

Understanding the role different habitats play in the life histories of fishes is important for the development of holistic aquatic ecosystem management plans. We used otolith trace element analysis to reconstruct the life history of estuarine triplefin Forsterygion nigripenne and infer its habitat use. Analysis of otoliths using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed an elemental profile without prominent changes in elemental concentration. The otolith elemental profiles were not indicative of movement between waters with substantial Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca differences. The Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca profiles were indicative of within—and near—estuary movements encompassing short time periods. Overall, the otolith microchemical profile was likely indicative of a life history closely associated with estuaries. However, it is difficult to rule out brief excursions to the marine environment given that may not have been of sufficient duration to be recorded in the elemental composition of the otolith. This suggests that F. nigripenne is the only species in southern New Zealand known to be closely associated with estuarine habitat for its entire life cycle.