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ABSTRACT According to the dogmatism puzzle, for any S and any p, if S knows that p, then she is entitled to be dogmatic about p, and so disregard any evidence against p, for she knows that (or is in a position to know that) that evidence is misleading. But this seems clearly problematically dogmatic. The standard solution to the dogmatism puzzle involves appealing to the view that acquiring new evidence (even misleading evidence) can undermine one's knowledge that p. That is why one cannot rightly disregard any future evidence against p. This solution to the dogmatism puzzle has come to be called “the defeat solution.” Maria Lasonen‐Aarnio has recently argued, however, that the defeat solution leaves unsolved a partial defeat version of the dogmatism puzzle, where some subject acquires weak misleading evidence against p, but, since it is weak, it does not rob her of knowledge that p. Lasonen‐Aarnio argues that solving this partial defeat version of the dogmatism puzzle requires those who endorse the defeasibility of knowledge to either go dogmatist or reject an extremely plausible principle that she calls “Entitlement” (roughly, for any S and any e, if S knows that evidence e is misleading, then S can rightly disregard e). In this paper, however, I argue that defeasibilists face no such challenge from any version of the dogmatism puzzle, since the dogmatism puzzle, in both its original and partial defeat form, rests on an assumption that we have very good reason to think is mistaken. Specifically, the assumption that, for any S and any p, if S knows that p, then S knows (or is in a position to know) that any evidence against p is misleading. I further argue that rejecting this assumption also yields a neat solution to the dogmatism puzzle involving intention originally proposed by Saul Kripke and recently adapted by R.E. Fraser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper argues that people can deserve the option to give. Discussions of desert tend to focus on the benefits and burdens that people might, in some sense, receive, like wealth and jobs. But intuitively, people can also deserve the ability to decide what to do with their wealth or to select who gets a job. Shaping distributive policies and outcomes in accordance with desert is more complicated than philosophers have realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background It is well established that the tobacco industry used research funding as a deliberate tactic to subvert science. There has been little wider attention to how researchers think about accepting industry funding. We developed, then tested, hypotheses about two psychological constructs, namely, entitlement and conflict of interest contrarianism (CoI-C) among alcohol researchers who had previously received industry funding. Methods A mixed-methods pilot study involved construct and instrument development, followed by an online survey and nested 3-arm randomised trial. We randomly allocated alcohol industry funding recipients to one of three conditions. In two experimental conditions we asked participants questions to remind them (and thus increase the salience) of their sense of entitlement or CoI-C. We compared these groups with a control group who did not receive any reminder. The outcome was a composite measure of openness to working with the alcohol industry. Results 133 researchers were randomised of whom 79 completed the experiment. The posterior distribution over effect estimates revealed that there was a 94.8% probability that reminding researchers of their CoI-C led them to self-report being more receptive to industry funding, whereas the probability was 68.1% that reminding them of their sense of entitlement did so. Biomedical researchers reported being more open to working with industry than did psychosocial researchers. Conclusion Holding contrarian views on conflict of interest could make researchers more open to working with industry. This study shows how it is possible to study researcher decision-making using quantitative experimental methods.

The recent judgments of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in Nicaragua v. Colombia and of a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in Mauritius/Maldives provide significant developments to the legal regime of the continental shelf within the law of the sea, as well as its relationship to the exclusive economic zone. Specifically, the ICJ stated that the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles cannot overlap with the area within 200 nautical miles of another State’s baselines. This decision potentially creates a new constraint line to a coastal State’s entitlement to a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. Furthermore, the two decisions blur the distinction between delineation and delimitation of the continental shelf. They hold significant implications for the concept of a ‘single continental shelf’ and raise questions about the necessity of establishing grey areas in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers have documented relations between abusive supervision and subordinate counterproductive work behavior (CWB), might CWB result from non-abusive treatment? We address the question by examining the relation between leader-member relations (LMX) and CWB as well as potential mediators and moderators of that relation. One hundred and eighty subordinates completed surveys assessing their LMX quality, entitlement, negative emotions, self-control, and CWB. Twenty-six supervisors also provided CWB data on 88 of those subordinates. We found that subordinates reporting lower quality relations with their supervisors were more likely to experience CWB than other subordinates and that anger mediated that relation. There was some support for the moderating effect of self-control on the negative emotion – CWB relation. Entitlement did not moderate the LMX – anger relation as hypothesized. One implication is that supervisors do not have to treat their subordinates poorly for the subordinates to react negatively and engage in behavior detrimental to their organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Method Results Conclusion One's sense of entitlement—the subjective perception of what one deserves from another person—can contribute to social attitudes and behaviour in positive or negative ways, depending on the way in which one construes this subjective sense. Previous work has examined how adolescents' sense of entitlement towards their parents contributes positively or negatively to their well‐being. In this study, we extend this line of research and focus on adolescents' sense of entitlement towards another important authority figure—teachers, while examining its associations with both students' and teachers' characteristics and implications for students' functioning at school.We adapted the Adolescents' Sense of Relational Entitlement towards Parents scale to tap students' relational entitlement towards their teachers. We then examined the factor structure of the adapted scale and its associations with students' and teachers' relevant psychological measures in three samples (N = 1588).Findings confirmed the three‐factor structure of student–teacher entitlement. Studies 2–3 also revealed that students' sense of entitlement was associated with both students' variables (e.g., psychological well‐being, self‐esteem, perceptions of teachers' acceptance of them and students' school engagement) and teachers' emotional difficulties. Study 3's findings indicated that students' sense of entitlement was associated with their school engagement.Students' sense of entitlement towards teachers seems to be associated with teachers' emotional makeup and attitudes towards students. In addition, this subjective sense is associated with students' school engagement. These findings suggest that there is theoretical value and practical implications for further unpacking both teachers' and students' factors associated with students' sense of entitlement and examining its association with academic functioning at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who supports the populist radical right (PRR)? And under what circumstances? We theorize that social status-related envy (SSRE) is the construct that integrates personality- and grievance-based theories of PRR support. To assess our theory, we estimate psychological network models on German survey data to map the complex relationships between PRR support, Big Five personality traits, facets of narcissism, political attitudes, and multiple constructs measuring objective and subjective social status. Our findings confirm previous studies detecting two routes to PRR support: a disagreeable and an authoritarian one. The Bifurcated Model of Status-Deprived Narcissistic Right-Wing Populism claims that SSRE is the distant predictor of PRR support and the two constructs are connected by two pathways. The middle-class route is characterized by disagreeable narcissism (Rivalry) and nativism, while the lower-class route by Neuroticism (potentially Vulnerable Narcissism) and authoritarian right-wing populism. Moreover, we find preliminary support for our expectation that PRR voting is explained by the activation of narcissistic traits by SSRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into doctoral supervision through the lens of inclusive transitions at the university. It aims to describe the complexity of the bond that forms between the supervisee and the supervisor, far from the bureaucratic practice of the academic environment. Based on self‐studies, the study reveals that the dialogue between the supervisee and the supervisor is unique and not reducible to control processes. This guidance, marked by various dilemmas, requires an ethic of openness to diversity, transforming academic practices. Inclusive supervision questions excessively academic (entitled) postures, fighting against discrimination and avoiding narcissistic pitfalls. The article further explores the vulnerability of the doctoral student, the dignity in focus, and new forms of discrimination and stigmatisation at the university. It provides a close look at unique journeys, shedding light on the human experience in the face of doctoral challenges, subtle forms of racism and the recurring theme of racism versus dignity. Drawing on Erving Goffman's work on stigma, this article also explores how these experiences of discrimination and racism can lead to stigmatisation, affecting the doctoral students' sense of self and their interactions within the academic environment. This perspective underscores the importance of fostering diversity and dignity in doctoral supervision, promoting inclusive university practices that respect and acknowledge each doctoral student's journey. It also emphasises the importance of understanding, and respect in the supervisory relationship, and the role these elements play in fostering a supportive academic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loneliness has recently been defined as a public health problem, and college students from various cultures are considered a vulnerable group. As college students must cope with new personal, social, and academic challenges, their perceptions regarding their entitlement from their environment, and their gratefulness for the assistance they receive, may make a unique contribution to their experience of loneliness. In the current study we examined the associations between loneliness, gratitude, and two types of entitlement (active and academic) among college students in two countries: Israel and Poland. A total of 313 Israeli students and 275 Polish students completed a series of questionnaires. The results indicated that Israeli students experienced lower levels of loneliness and academic entitlement, and higher levels of active entitlement and gratitude, in comparison to Polish students. The two types of entitlement and gratitude mediated the association between students' country and loneliness. Active entitlement predicted more gratitude, which predicted lower levels of loneliness. However, academic entitlement predicted lower levels of gratitude, which predicted more loneliness. Our focus on entitlement, gratitude, and loneliness offers insights into the understanding of the psychological and social dynamics among college students in two countries, with implications for theoretical understanding and intervention planning in higher education. Highlights: The loneliness of college students reflects their cultural and environmental differences, during their college years.Entitlement complexity: Active entitlement (a general and proactive belief in one's rights) predicts gratefulness and reduced loneliness, whereas academic entitlement (the belief in one's right for academic support) predicts lower levels of gratitude and higher levels of loneliness.Israeli students reported higher levels of active entitlement and gratitude and lower levels of loneliness and academic entitlement, in comparison to Polish students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of research has documented the consequences of allocating school students into a hierarchy of classes with narrow ranges of mathematics attainment, a process known as streaming, tracking, setting, or "ability" grouping. The purported benefits of streaming are inconsistent and disputed, but the harms are clear, in particular, (1) the limiting curriculum often available in low streams and (2) the loss of self-confidence that results from being positioned in a low stream. Building on this foundation, we discuss streaming in mathematics as tied to systemic racism in Aotearoa New Zealand, where the harmful effects of streaming fall most heavily on Māori and Pasifika students. Previous analyses of race and streaming have focused primarily on the racial composition of streamed classes, bias in stream allocation, and racialised teacher expectations in streamed settings. In contrast, we focus on the emotional consequences of streaming, arguing that streaming produces racialised emotions of shame and entitlement as unintended but predictable consequences. We illustrate the racialised production of entitlement and shame through collaborative storying, interweaving our own biographies with a re-analysis of student interviews from two prior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is well established that the tobacco industry used research funding as a deliberate tactic to subvert science. There has been little wider attention to how researchers think about accepting industry funding. We developed, then tested, hypotheses about two psychological constructs, namely, entitlement and conflict of interest contrarianism (CoI-C) among alcohol researchers who had previously received industry funding. Methods: A mixed-methods pilot study involved construct and instrument development, followed by an online survey and nested 3-arm randomised trial. We randomly allocated alcohol industry funding recipients to one of three conditions. In two experimental conditions we asked participants questions to remind them (and thus increase the salience) of their sense of entitlement or CoI-C. We compared these groups with a control group who did not receive any reminder. The outcome was a composite measure of openness to working with the alcohol industry. Results: 133 researchers were randomised of whom 79 completed the experiment. The posterior distribution over effect estimates revealed that there was a 94.8% probability that reminding researchers of their CoI-C led them to self-report being more receptive to industry funding, whereas the probability was 68.1% that reminding them of their sense of entitlement did so. Biomedical researchers reported being more open to working with industry than did psychosocial researchers. Conclusion: Holding contrarian views on conflict of interest could make researchers more open to working with industry. This study shows how it is possible to study researcher decision-making using quantitative experimental methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to explore individual level factors as predictors of misogynistic attitudes. Given that misogyny and activity on online forums related to so called incel-dom is growing and has been identified as a terrorist threat, it becomes important to better understand the underpinnings of misogynistic attitudes, also in a normal population. Based on previous research and theory, entitlement, Social Dominance Orientation and Right-wing authoritarianism was explored as well as the moderating role of being single among American men (N = 302). Results from an online survey showed that all three predictors as well as being single (compared to being in a relationship) significantly predicted misogynistic attitudes. The effect of SDO was moderated by relationship status such that singles who were high SDO expressed most misogyny. The results contribute to a better understanding of who may come to adhere to a more radical view of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates when and why consumers purchase products with social costs (e.g., environmental harm). Six studies demonstrate that upper-class consumers are more likely to purchase a product with social costs when it has a higher price because they experience greater entitlement, which the authors term the "price entitlement effect," allowing for purchase justification. In contrast, lower-class consumers do not feel entitled to purchase a product with social costs when it is higher-priced. This effect occurs because upper-class consumers tend to have a greater self-focus, with a higher price entitling them to more resources than others. Consistent with the entitlement mechanism, when egalitarian values are made salient, the price entitlement effect is mitigated, reducing upper-class consumers' purchase of socially costly products. Notably, the price entitlement effect occurs only when products have social costs rather than for all higher-priced products. However, when the social costs of a product are severe, price entitlement does not sufficiently justify product purchase. This research provides theoretical and practical insights regarding when and why higher price entitles purchase of socially costly products, contributing to research on social class and socially responsible (vs. costly) consumption as well as choice justification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal of Sharia & Islamic Studies (JSIS) is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From 2019 to 2020, Zimbabwe experienced severe food insecurity. This paper explores the causes and drivers of the food crisis, policy, and programming response failures. Informed by primary data gathered through observations and secondary data, it argues that the food insecurity cannot be ascribed to the current agrarian structure alone. Instead, climate shocks, misgovernance of social security, politicization of food assistance, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impacts and economic implosion deepened food insecurity. To prevent its recurrence, government must reconsider the land tenure system to promote productivity, support climate resilient agriculture, curb economic implosion, depoliticize social security system, and food transfer programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to adapt the Academic Entitlement Scale to Turkish culture and examine the scale's measurement invariance according to gender. The study was conducted with 372 university students aged 18 and 54 (I = 20.90). The study used the Academic Entitlement Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and Locus of Control Scale as data collection tools. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to identify the construct validity of the scale. The measurement invariance of the scale according to gender was examined using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations between research variables were analyzed with the Pearson Correlation Test. Cronbach's Alpha was performed to measure the internal consistency reliability of the study. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that academic entitlement was positively correlated with self-esteem and external locus of control. In addition, it was revealed that the externalized responsibility sub-dimension was positively correlated to narcissism. The research findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool within Turkish culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who supports the populist radical right (PRR)? And under what circumstances? We theorize that social status-related envy (SSRE) is the construct that integrates personality- and grievance-based theories of PRR support. To assess our theory, we estimate psychological network models on German survey data to map the complex relationships between PRR support, Big Five personality traits, facets of narcissism, political attitudes, and multiple constructs measuring objective and subjective social status. Our findings confirm previous studies detecting two routes to PRR support: a disagreeable and an authoritarian one. The Bifurcated Model of Status-Deprived Narcissistic Right-Wing Populism claims that SSRE is the distant predictor of PRR support and the two constructs are connected by two pathways. The middle-class route is characterized by disagreeable narcissism (Rivalry) and nativism, while the lower-class route by Neuroticism (potentially Vulnerable Narcissism) and authoritarian right-wing populism. Moreover, we find preliminary support for our expectation that PRR voting is explained by the activation of narcissistic traits by SSRE.

Although many emerging adults struggle to gain status and develop social relationships, particularly during the college transition, it remains unclear whether certain personality traits facilitate this transition. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated whether status-related traits-namely, entitlement, intrasexual competitiveness, and dominance-related to the development of status in 91 first-year college students (M age=18.15, SD=0.44) transitioning to a novel college environment. We also examined whether personality traits moderated the degree to which status related to loneliness. As hypothesized, only students high in intrasexual competitiveness experienced increases in subjective dorm status across the year. In addition, students exhibiting average or low entitlement experienced decreases in loneliness over time, whereas high entitlement was related to consistently low loneliness. Finally, higher subjective dorm status was related to lower loneliness only for less dominant students, as assessed by both self-ratings of trait dominance and raters judgments of facial dominance from photographs. Using a real-world context of status development, these results suggest that personality traits may influence students ability to experience higher status and modulate the relation between subjective status and loneliness.

People tend to have strong psychological bonds with places such as neighborhoods, schools, towns, and countries. These people–place bonds can be of different nature (e.g., place ownership, place attachment), develop for different reasons (e.g., first arrival, length of stay), and generate different group dynamics in specific contexts. With this special issue, we sought to advance our understanding of the potential of people–place bonds to divide groups and instigate intergroup conflicts, as well as the potential to stimulate solidarity and cohesion within groups. We bring together ten empirical articles based on quantitative as well as qualitative research conducted in different parts of the world with both majority and minority ethnic groups. Taken together, these contributions highlight both the dark and the bright sides of our connection to places. Finally, we present suggestions for future avenues of research that may advance our knowledge about people–place bonds. Public Significance Statement: We discuss the psychological importance of places for people and the ways in which such people–place bonds shape relations between and within groups. By discussing the main research questions and findings from ten empirical articles featured in this special issue, we aim to showcase the recent developments in this field and identify fruitful avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across three preregistered studies and five supplementary datasets, we predicted and found that conservatives were more inclined to complain than liberals due to conservative consumers feeling a greater sense of entitlement. This research contributes to the literature by introducing consumer entitlement as a novel explanation for ideological differences in consumer behavior, and by building on previous work suggesting that conservative consumers complain less than liberals (Journal of Consumer Research, 2017, 44, 477). Evidence is provided across several service contexts and types of complaining behaviors. Study 1 and 4 supplementary datasets supported the basic process. Next, theory‐relevant boundary conditions provided converging process evidence. In Study 2, complaining intentions decreased among conservatives when they felt less (vs. more) entitled than the target of social comparison. In Study 3, complaining intentions decreased among conservatives when a service recovery was framed as providing special treatment. Implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop the concept of early-life power (ELP)--the sense of power someone has in their life before becoming an adult. We propose that the known positive relationship between power and self-interested behavior will be enhanced by high ELP and that, for those with high power, self-interested behavior will be higher for those with higher ELP. Study 1 adapts Anderson et al.'s (2012) chronic power scale to develop a retrospective measure of ELP and validates the measure. We test our predictions empirically, using self-reported self-interested behavior (Study 2) and results from the dictator game (Study 3). In these two studies, we operationalize current power in three ways: subjective power, objective power, and position. The results partially support our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to test the mediating role of three types of fear of compassion (FoC) — for others, from others, and for self — in the relationships that insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant) and psychological entitlement have with prosociality and two dimensions of affective empathy (i.e., empathic concern and personal distress). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted on cross-sectional correlational data, employing a sample of Italian adults (N = 705). Results showed that both types of insecure attachment are negatively related to empathic concern and prosociality via FoCfrom others. Entitlement is negatively related to empathic concern and prosociality via FoC-for others. All predictors are positively related to personal distress via FoC-for self. Findings suggest that fears of compassion may act as a bridge between individual differences grounded in clinical psychology and social psychological variables. From a clinical perspective, dealing with fears of compassion could help break the link between intra-individual maladaptive dispositions and issues regarding interpersonal aspects of the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefit to the seller is achieved if a person claims that he owns the sale or that he has another right to it, and by being able to prove this claim, he obtains a court ruling in it, and the seller is the guarantor of the sale, that is, he is obliged to compensate the buyer for the damage suffered as a result of the benefit of the seller, and in case he is unable to fulfil his obligation to guarantee exposure in kind, the transition was made to fulfil the obligation by way of compensation. The study found that the Jordanian legislator considered the sale of the property of third parties to be a contract suspended on the leave of those who have the right to it because the real owner of the sale is the one who authorizes him to leave the contract or accept it. The buyer should not be given the right to authorize the contract in the revocable contract because the buyer does not own the sale. As for the Egyptian legislator, he has made the contract that is revocable in the sale of the property of third parties invalid against the owner of the real sale before its approval and also made the contract revocable by the buyer. The revocable contract is based on two provisions: either the non-validity of the contract against the owner of the real sale or its revocability by the legislator. Also, both the Jordanian and the Egyptian legislators have agreed in their leave to the seller to own the sale by the statute of limitations because the buyer's silence about the seller putting his hand on the sale for a long time is a default by the buyer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Positive Couple Therapy (CFPCT) on entitlement, bullying and compatibility in narcissistic men. The research's method was semi-experimental in comparison with a control with follow-up. The statistical population was men that came to a counseling center in east of Tehran in 2021, who showed narcissistic symptoms. 30 men who scored lower than others in compatibility with their spouses were selected and randomly assigned into one group of experimental and a control. The research tools were narcissistic personality of Iranian couple questionnaire, ‌bullying in marital relationships, questionnaire of compatibility with spouse, Maladaptive schemas questionnaire, CFPCT protocol. The experimental group received CFPCT as a couple and face-to-face for 2 months in 15 sessions of 100 minutes twice a week. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in entitlement and bullying in marital relations and compatibility with the spouse in the experimental group in comparison with to the control one in the post-test phase, this effect continued in a one-month follow-up. Therefore CFPCT can be applied in counseling centers to improve the relationships of narcissistic spouses.

While Covid-19 pandemic has affected countries across the world, the burden has been shared disproportionately by urban poor from the cities in Global South. In much of Global South, while cities have emerged as growth centers, they are mostly driven by informalities, belying the image of cities, visualized in the mainstream development economics literature as a place of secured formal jobs that free one from the drudgery of rural life. Covid-19 pandemic has exposed these fault-lines in the cities. India serves as a typical case of such urban-centric growth, with informal workers, predominated by disadvantaged social and religious categories, accounting for 81% of workers in urban space. In cities, migrant in general and seasonal migrants increasingly account for bulk of informal workforce. The lockdown imposed in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic left the community of households reliant on informal works for livelihoods, without any rights and entitlements, which affect their access to food. The review of evidence collected in both primary surveys and macro level data points towards sluggishness in recovery of jobs, which coupled with high food inflation, suggests that access to food continues to be an issue in urban governance. The paper calls for a roadmap entailing both short-term and long-term measures to build sustainable urban livelihoods for ensuring food secure urban space in India.

The purpose of the present study was to predict marital burnout between couples based on psychological entitlement and romantic perfectionism. This research was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the study included all the couples who referred to Hamedan Counseling Centers such as Mehr, Mehravar, Sepidar, Roozbeh, Hale-Khoob, Farzaneh, due to marital problems in spring and summer (May, June, July) of 2018-2019. For the statistical sample, 220 clients were selected purposefully. 215 questionnaires were completed, 7 of which were incomplete and finally, 208 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. To collect the research data, Pines Marital Burnout Measure (1996), Lisard et al. (2011) Psychological Entitlement Measure, and Matt & Lafountain (2012) The Adaptation of Romantic Perfectionism Scale were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. Findings indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between romantic perfectionism and marital burnout (P

The standard conception of misleading evidence has it that e is misleading evidence that p iff e is evidence that p and p is false. I argue that this conception yields incorrect verdicts when we consider what it is for evidence to be misleading with respect to questions like whether p. Instead, we should adopt a conception of misleading evidence according to which e is misleading with respect to a question only if e is in‐fact irrelevant to that question – a relation that requires that e fail to be both explanatorily connected to and evidence for any truth that answers the question. This modified conception allows e to be non‐misleading evidence with respect to a question even if e is evidence for the false answer to that question. It also points toward a new argument for and explanation of the truth of a central premise – what Maria Lasonen‐Aarnio dubs "Entitlement" – that generates the infamous dogmatism puzzle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper critically examines why young adults characterize themselves as ‘lucky’ when describing their housing experiences, often when those experiences reflect considerable struggle. We explore this narrative as it emerges in conversation with 29 young adults living in Toronto, Canada. Results of the analysis indicate that some young adults employ the narrative of luck to describe structural forms of privilege they experience within the housing system, while others make use of this narrative in ways that reflect their sense of disentitlement to housing. A critical interpretation of these findings suggests that these two narratives, while used by different groups of individuals, both reflect and reinforce a broader discourse of neoliberalism within the housing system. Specifically, our analysis highlights how the narrative of luck obscures structural inequalities that condition access to safe, secure and suitable housing, while simultaneously reinforcing a neoliberal ideology of (dis)entitlement to housing. We conclude our analysis by considering the implications of this narrative for the immediate- and long-term housing struggles of young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using conversation analysis as the research method, this article investigates the interactional import of the TCU-final particle bei in requesting in Mandarin Chinese conversation. It is found that the particle bei recurrently occurs as a TCU-final of imperative requests in specific sequential contexts where requesters have limited entitlement to make such requests, which are considered inappropriate by participants. The present study argues that by formulating requests as bei -ended imperatives, requesters can adjust, or downgrade their entitlement to make inappropriate requests, either in the first position or after non-granting. The inappropriateness nature of the requests becomes evident in the responses: requestees tend to respond with problematic granting, resistance, or challenges. This study suggests that interlocutors calibrate their ways of requesting based on their assessment of entitlement to the inappropriate requests, and that requesting can be operated on a more granular level with the use of the final particle bei. • An interactional import of the TCU-final particle bei in forming the action of request is argued. • Emphasizing varying degrees of entitlement or other imports conveyed by imperatives with or without different particles. • The inappropriateness of requests in everyday interactions is assessed on the grounds of regular routines, etc. • Shedding light on Chinese particles study in the formation of different social actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People resist various kinds of imposition, which can be ranged along a gradient—impositions from those heavily entitled to make them, along to those where the matter is more balanced, to where the imposed-upon person is the one who has the greater rights. The articles in this Special Issue cover the whole range, from the police officer issuing bald imperatives, through to a tutor trying to help a student with their essay. In one case the resistor is may have little room for maneuver without incurring cost; in the other, the resistor will be given more latitude. The signal characteristic of the analysis throughout is a very close attention to the actual exchange of talks between the two parties: it is there that conversation analysis reveals the intricacy with which imposition is attempted and resistance succeeds or fails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to international courts and tribunals, there exists in law only a "single continental shelf," rather than an "inner" and an "outer" continental shelf. What originally started as a simple phrase to justify the jurisdiction of the court or tribunal eventually ended up as a justification for using the traditional delimitation methodology for delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 NM. This article challenges the notion of a "single continental shelf" on various bases, namely, with respect to bases of entitlement, delineation formulas, the nature of coastal state rights, and the inapplicability of the equidistance line beyond 200 NM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People often disagree about what counts as "just" in a particular case. Such disagreement is natural and understandable once we realize that people commonly bring to the concept of justice different understandings of what makes something just or unjust, interpret general principles differently in specific circumstances, and/or fail to see eye to eye on appropriate ways of resolving justice disputes. But in all cases, disagreement about what is just logically requires that the parties share an understanding of what it is that they are disagreeing about. Similarly, any analysis of the role justice might play in a particular domain – here, negotiation – requires a shared understanding of what it is that is playing the role in question. The purpose of this article is to articulate and justify a shared understanding of the concept of justice that facilitates both the understanding and resolution of justice disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into Robert Nozick's theory of entitlement and its differentiation from other justice theories. He characterises it as a theory devoid of historical patterns. Nozick avoids using the term "redistribution" due to its non-neutral connotations and instead opts for the term justice in property, unlike patterned and ahistorical theories. The theory is founded on three fundamental principles. The initial one pertains to justice in acquisition, dictating the rightful initial steps to property. The subsequent principal deals with justice in transferring property, focusing on the legitimate methods of transitioning between distributions. Lastly, the third principal addresses rectifying the injustices highlighted by Nozick. It addresses various significant issues, such as the distinction between correction within generations and correction between generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Parenting leaves play a crucial part in supporting women’s labour force participation as well as men’s participation in infant care. A major question is who has access to such leave policies and earlier research has pointed out large variations in eligibility. This article focuses on the leaves that are available to recently arrived immigrants, parents who are in a specific situation of being in transition between systems. Using information from the database of leave policies, the International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2021 (leavenetwork.org), we map eligibility and entitlements in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK, all countries with tiered systems of parenting leave entitlement as well as relatively large recent immigrant populations. Our findings indicate that the leave policies available to recent immigrants can be patchwork in nature and of a very different generosity to the benefits available to many other parents. In addition, the benefits available to this group are often (even) more gendered and perhaps suggest a fall back to a policy logic of maternalism. We discuss how parenting leave may facilitate (or not) an exit from the early vulnerable stage that many immigrant parents face during the first few years in a new country.

In this article, humour about sensitive and taboo subjects is analyzed from three perspectives: freedom of speech, entitlement, and context. Freedom of speech, in the form of the right to joke about anything, can be seen as an important principle in humour discourses. In debates about humour, it is common to refer to freedom of speech in defense of what has been criticized. In my empirical material, however, a principle of entitlement is also articulated that concerns what kind of jokes you have the right to tell depending on who you are. The principle of entitlement contravenes the principle of freedom of speech. Finally, the context of a joke is also important for what you can joke about. When a comical expression is recorded and spread through social media and/or streaming services to another audience than that it was originally meant for, there is a risk that some individuals and/or groups in society will interpret it in another way and perceive it as offensive.

This study looked at the state of food security and the factors that affect it among individuals with disabilities in Durame, a town in southern Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional survey data from 205 disabled individuals who were chosen using a combination of stratified, proportionate to population size, and random sampling techniques. The required primary and secondary data were collected using a variety of instruments, including survey questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and case narrative telling techniques. The disability aspects and severity level among people with disabilities were identified using descriptive statistics in conjunction with multidimensional techniques utilizing principal component analysis. To determine how factors affected the level of food security, ordered logit regression was utilized. The results showed that 10 variables, including education level, sex, food expenditure, empowerment, employment situation, social cohesion, water access, institutional supports, extension contact, and media access, were identified as the significant determinants of food security status poeple with disabilities in the study area out of the 19 variables included in the model. The results led to the presentation of policy recommendations. In order to achieve food security for people with disabilities, coordinated efforts of stakeholders should be increased to improve access to education, employment, empowerment, infrastructure like water and mass media, creating social cohesion, more expansion and recognition of female roles, and institutional supports.

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U.S. citizens believe they can control their destinies at rates higher than any other nation. The U.S. is also a world leader in violent crimes. This article argues for correlations between these two trends. A theory is proposed based on three distinct trajectories related to destiny control. One trajectory involves persons modifying their destiny-control beliefs through turning points in the life course. On another trajectory, persons with low destiny-control beliefs are prone to anxiety/depression. The third track is that of high-rate offenders. Due to such things as attachment traumas, feelings of entitlement, internal/external barriers, and substance abuse they do not often modify their adolescent views that they are in complete control of their destinies. For some this translates into violent crimes. Implications for society and research are raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice is commonly defined as given each one his due. The state is supposed to the purveyor of justice for the citizens; she is supposed to be a mechanism that enables the reign of justice for all within the polis. By this descriptive, the state is apparently a powerful mechanism because she has the capacity to make and execute the law; to determine and punish crime. But, what becomes the fate of the masses when the state becomes abusive of power and begins to neglect the liberties of the masses? It is to overcomes the possibilities of occurrences like this that Nozick postulates that the idea of the minimal state. For him, state authority and powers are to be so minimal that it should concern only the defense of the rights and liberties of the masses from abuses. Hence, the core function of the state is to make laws that promote the freedom of the mases; not those that negate such freedoms. How well does the Nigerian state fit this Nozickian postulation? This article studies Nozick's idea of the minimal state. It uses this viewpoint to critically access the controversial water resources bill in Nigeria. The article finds out that contrary to Nozick's viewpoint the Nigerian state is a 'maximal state'. It concludes that, among other excesses, the water resources bill represents a core maximalist tendency of the contemporary Nigeria state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers insights into the nexus of youth, masculinity, and right-wing populism in Australia. Here, we make reference to a wide body of international literature that suggests some affinity between disenfranchised (white) working-class young men and radical right ideas. Survey data were collected for a project on masculinity and the far right in Australia. A total of 203 young male informants worked primarily in ‘blue collar’ sectors of the Australian labour force. Some survey responses located them partly or potentially within the field of the populist right-wing, with many expressing anti-government sentiments and the discourse of white male victimhood. The majority were nostalgic for stereotypical masculinity. While right-wing populist movements across the world certainly differ, they often share a discourse promoting traditional gender roles.