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1. Techno-economic comparison of DEMO power conversion systems

Author

Jan Syblik, Ladislav Vesely, Jan Stepanek, Slavomir Entler, and Vaclav Dostal

Subjects
Fusion, PCS, Economics, Supercritical CO2, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The transition to low-carbon technologies lies in the support of modern energy sources, which are also represented by fusion power plants. One of the first fusion power plants will be the European Union DEMOnstration fusion power plant. Among the key attributes that influence the entire design of this power plant, belongs the power conversion system. In addition to the classic Rankine steam cycle, it is possible to use different cooling media, such as supercritical CO2in the Brayton cycle. The advantages of supercritical CO2are mainly in the compactness of the power conversion system, that is, lower investment costs for the entire power plant while maintaining the high efficiency of the entire power plant. The key question that can influence the choice of the power conversion system is the levelized cost of electricity. The direct cost of the supercritical CO2cycles is lower compared to the Rankine steam cycles, in general. On the other hand, supercritical CO2cycles for the DEMOnstration fusion power plant offer slightly lower efficiency (by approximately 1.5 percentage points), which negatively influences supercritical CO2cycles levelized cost of electricity by 10%–20% against Rankine steam cycles.

Published
2023
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4. Estimation of fuel operating ranges of fusion power plants

Author

Slavomir Entler, Jan Horacek, Ondrej Ficker, Karel Kovarik, Michal Kolovratnik, and Vaclav Dostal

Subjects
Nuclear fusion, Fuel, Operating range, Lawson criterion, Engineering breakeven, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The fuel operating ranges of fusion tokamak-based power plants are estimated using the improved engineering breakeven equation. The Lawson criterion equations are derived in the form of a triple product with a focus on engineering breakeven and the subbreakeven operating range. The relationship of fuel parameters to the power plant net efficiency is outlined. Analysis shows that the operating ranges of the suitable fuel parameters form a closed area, the size of which affects the net efficiency of the power plant.The obtained fuel operating ranges confirm the well-known fact that DT fuel is currently the only fusion fuel useable in tokamak-based fusion power plants. It is also shown that the energy utilization of pB fuel is possible in the subbreakeven operating range but is conditioned by the very high efficiency of the power plant equipment. For the utilization of DD, DHe3, and pB fuels, the required magnetic fields are indicatively estimated.

Published
2023
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8. Development of the diagnostic tools for the COMPASS-U tokamak and plans for the first plasma

Author

Weinzettl, Vladimir, Bilkova, Petra, Duran, Ivan, Hron, Martin, Panek, Radomir, Markovic, Tomas, Varavin, Mykyta, Cavalier, Jordan, Kovarik, Karel, Torres, André, Matveeva, Ekaterina, Böhm, Petr, Ficker, Ondrej, Horacek, Jan, Cerovsky, Jaroslav, Zajac, Jaromir, Adamek, Jiri, Dimitrova, Miglena, Imrisek, Martin, Sos, Miroslav, Tomesova, Eva, Vondracek, Petr, Mikszuta-Michalik, Katarzyna, Svoboda, Jakub, Naydenkova, Diana, Bogar, Klara, Caloud, Jakub, Ivanov, Vladislav, Lukes, Samuel, Podolnik, Ales, Bogar, Ondrej, Entler, Slavomir, Havranek, Ales, Preinhaelter, Josef, Jaulmes, Fabien, Dejarnac, Renaud, Balner, Vojtech, Veselovsky, Viktor, Belina, Pavel, Kral, Miroslav, Gerardin, Jonathan, Vlcek, Jiri, Tadros, Momtaz, Turjanica, Pavel, Kindl, Vladimir, Reboun, Jan, Rowan, William, Houshmandyar, Saeid, Scholz, Marek, Bielecki, Jakub, Makowski, Dariusz, Chernyshova, Maryna, and Cipciar, Dario

Published
2023
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10. Novel concept suppressing plasma heat pulses in a tokamak by fast divertor sweeping

Author

J. Horacek, S. Lukes, J. Adamek, J. Havlicek, S. Entler, J. Seidl, J. Cavalier, J. Cikhardt, and V. Sedmidubsky

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract One of the remaining challenges in magnetic thermonuclear fusion is survival of the heat shield protecting the tokamak reactor vessel against excessive plasma heat fluxes. Unmitigated high confinement edge localized mode (ELM) is a regular heat pulse damaging the heat shield. We suggest a novel concept of magnetic sweeping of the plasma contact strike point fast and far enough in order to spread this heat pulse. We demonstrate feasibility of a dedicated copper coil in a resonant circuit, including the induced currents and power electronics. We predict the DEMO ELM properties, simulate heat conduction, 3D particles motion and magnetic fields of the plasma and coil in COMSOL Multiphysics and Matlab. The dominant system parameter is voltage, feasible 18 kV yields 1 kHz sweeping frequency, suppressing the ELM-induced surface temperature rise by a factor of 3. Multiplied by other known mitigation concepts, ELMs might be mitigated enough to ensure safe operation of DEMO.

Published
2022
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12. Microfluidics and Metabolomics Reveal Symbiotic Bacterial–Fungal Interactions Between Mortierella elongata and Burkholderia Include Metabolite Exchange

Author

Uehling, Jessie K, Entler, Matthew R, Meredith, Hannah R, Millet, Larry J, Timm, Collin M, Aufrecht, Jayde A, Bonito, Gregory M, Engle, Nancy L, Labbé, Jessy L, Doktycz, Mitchel J, Retterer, Scott T, Spatafora, Joseph W, Stajich, Jason E, Tschaplinski, Timothy J, and Vilgalys, Rytas J

Subjects
Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Microbiome, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Bioengineering, Infection, bacterial-fungal interactions, microfluidics, metabolomics, fatty acid, symbiotic evolution, Mortierella elongata, Burkholderia, plant associated microbes, bacterial–fungal interactions, Environmental Science and Management, Soil Sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

We identified two poplar (Populus sp.)-associated microbes, the fungus, Mortierella elongata strain AG77, and the bacterium, Burkholderia strain BT03, that mutually promote each other's growth. Using culture assays in concert with a novel microfluidic device to generate time-lapse videos, we found growth specific media differing in pH and pre-conditioned by microbial growth led to increased fungal and bacterial growth rates. Coupling microfluidics and comparative metabolomics data results indicated that observed microbial growth stimulation involves metabolic exchange during two ordered events. The first is an emission of fungal metabolites, including organic acids used or modified by bacteria. A second signal of unknown nature is produced by bacteria which increases fungal growth rates. We find this symbiosis is initiated in part by metabolic exchange involving fungal organic acids.

Published
2019

14. Preliminary design of the COMPASS upgrade tokamak

Author

Vondracek, P., Panek, R., Hron, M., Havlicek, J., Weinzettl, V., Todd, T., Tskhakaya, D., Cunningham, G., Hacek, P., Hromadka, J., Junek, P., Krbec, J., Patel, N., Sestak, D., Varju, J., Adamek, J., Balazsova, M., Balner, V., Barton, P., Bielecki, J., Bilkova, P., Błocki, J., Bocian, D., Bogar, K., Bogar, O., Boocz, P., Borodkina, I., Brooks, A., Bohm, P., Burant, J., Casolari, A., Cavalier, J., Chappuis, P., Dejarnac, R., Dimitrova, M., Dudak, M., Duran, I., Ellis, R., Entler, S., Fang, J., Farnik, M., Ficker, O., Fridrich, D., Fukova, S., Gerardin, J., Hanak, I., Havranek, A., Herrmann, A., Horacek, J., Hronova, O., Imrisek, M., Isernia, N., Jaulmes, F., Jerab, M., Kindl, V., Komm, M., Kovarik, K., Kral, M., Kripner, L., Macusova, E., Majer, T., Markovic, T., Matveeva, E., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Mohelnik, M., Mysiura, I., Naydenkova, D., Nemec, I., Ortwein, R., Patocka, K., Peterka, M., Podolnik, A., Prochazka, F., Prevratil, J., Reboun, J., Scalera, V., Scholz, M., Svoboda, J., Swierblewski, J., Sos, M., Tadros, M., Titus, P., Tomes, M., Torres, A., Tracz, G., Turjanica, P., Varavin, M., Veselovsky, V., Villone, F., Wąchal, P., Yanovskiy, V., Zadvitskiy, G., Zajac, J., Zak, A., Zaloga, D., Zelda, J., and Zhang, H.

Published
2021
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20. Calorimetry probe for runaway electron heat load measurement at COMPASS.

Author

Caloud, J., Tomesova, E., Ficker, O., Cerovsky, J., Mlynar, J., Adamek, J., Barton, P., Bilkova, P., Bohm, P., Bousek, M., Brotankova, J., Duran, I., Entler, S., Havranek, A., Jerab, M., Kovarik, K., Krbec, J., Kulkov, S., Marcisovsky, M., and Sos, M.

Subjects
CALORIMETRY, TOKAMAKS, HEATING load, ELECTRONIC probes, TEMPERATURE sensors
Abstract

Runaway electrons, accelerated in a tokamak discharge to high energies (tens of MeV), can cause serious damage to plasma facing components. Therefore, it is important to develop effective mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of tokamak damage. To study the effects of various mitigation strategies, a dedicated diagnostic, the calorimetry probe, was developed at the COMPASS tokamak. This probe successfully measured the heat loads caused by runaway electrons directly, using a set of temperature sensors embedded in a graphite body. Deposited energy measured by the probe ranged from a few hundred joules up to (15 ± 1) kJ, while the mean deposited energy was (4.5 ± 1.1) kJ. The design of the probe and the initial results from 250 discharges covering four experimental campaigns dedicated to runaway electron studies (2019–2021) are presented in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. PŘÍNOSY PROJEKTOVÉ VÝUKY U STUDENTŮ ŘÍZENÍ LIDSKÝCH ZDROJŮ.

Author

Entler, Eduard

Subjects
PERSONNEL management, EDUCATIONAL outcomes, BUSINESS planning, UNDERGRADUATES, STUDENT projects, ORGANIZATIONAL learning
Abstract

Copyright of Media4u Magazine is the property of Ing. Jan Chromy, Ph.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024

26. Constraints on conceptual design of diagnostics for the high magnetic field COMPASS-U tokamak with hot walls

Author

Weinzettl, V., Adamek, J., Bilkova, P., Havlicek, J., Panek, R., Hron, M., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Casolari, A., Cavalier, J., Dejarnac, R., Dimitrova, M., Duran, I., Entler, S., Ficker, O., Hacek, P., Horacek, J., Imrisek, M., Jaulmes, F., Kovarik, K., Krbec, J., Kripner, L., Markovic, T., Naydenkova, D., Peterka, M., Podolnik, A., Pova, F., Sos, M., Sestak, D., Tomes, M., Varavin, M., Varju, J., Vondracek, P., and Zajac, J.

Published
2019
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28. Diagnostics for plasma control – From ITER to DEMO

Author

Biel, W., Albanese, R., Ambrosino, R., Ariola, M., Berkel, M.V., Bolshakova, I., Brunner, K.J., Cavazzana, R., Cecconello, M., Conroy, S., Dinklage, A., Duran, I., Dux, R., Eade, T., Entler, S., Ericsson, G., Fable, E., Farina, D., Figini, L., Finotti, C., Franke, Th., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Gonzalez, W., Hjalmarsson, A., Hron, M., Janky, F., Kallenbach, A., Kogoj, J., König, R., Kudlacek, O., Luis, R., Malaquias, A., Marchuk, O., Marchiori, G., Mattei, M., Maviglia, F., De Masi, G., Mazon, D., Meister, H., Meyer, K., Micheletti, D., Nowak, S., Piron, Ch., Pironti, A., Rispoli, N., Rohde, V., Sergienko, G., El Shawish, S., Siccinio, M., Silva, A., da Silva, F., Sozzi, C., Tardocchi, M., Tokar, M., Treutterer, W., and Zohm, H.

Published
2019
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34. Modeling of COMPASS tokamak divertor liquid metal experiments

Author

J. Horacek, R. Dejarnac, J. Cecrdle, D. Tskhakaya, A. Vertkov, J. Cavalier, P. Vondracek, M. Jerab, P. Barton, G. van Oost, M. Hron, V. Weinzettl, D. Sestak, S. Lukes, J. Adamek, A. Prishvitsin, M. Iafratti, Y. Gasparyan, Y. Vasina, D. Naydenkova, J. Seidl, E. Gauthier, G. Mazzitelli, M. Komm, J. Gerardin, J. Varju, M. Tomes, S. Entler, J. Hromadka, and R. Panek

Subjects
Tokamak, Divertor, Liquid metals, Plasma facing components, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Two small liquid metal targets based on the capillary porous structure were exposed to the divertor plasma of the tokamak COMPASS. The first target was wetted by pure lithium and the second one by a lithium-tin alloy, both releasing mainly lithium atoms (sputtering and evaporation) when exposed to plasma. Due to poorly conductive target material and steep surface inclination (implying the surface-perpendicular plasma heat flux 12–17 MW/m2) for 0.1–0.2 s, the LiSn target has reached 900 °C under ELMy H-mode. A model of heat conduction is developed and serves to evaluate the lithium sputtering and evaporation and, thus, the surface cooling by the released lithium and consequent radiative shielding. In these conditions, cooling of the surface by the latent heat of vapor did not exceed 1 MW/m2. About 1019 lithium atoms were evaporated (comparable to the COMPASS 1 m3 plasma deuterium content), local Li pressure exceeded the deuterium plasma pressure. Since the radiating Li vapor cloud spreads over a sphere much larger than the hot spot, its cooling effect is negligible (0.2 MW/m2). We also predict zero lithium prompt redeposition, consistent with our observation.

Published
2020
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36. Detailed Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle for the DEMO Fusion Power Plant

Author

Syblik, Jan, Stepanek, Jan, Junek, Matyas, and Entler, Slavomir

Abstract

The supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycle proves its advantages in many studies and simulations, where it appears as a suitable counter candidate to the Rankine steam and helium cycles. Advantages include mainly compactness, relatively high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in areas of higher temperatures. However, the use of sCO2 as a coolant for heat removal from fusion power plants is still not in the state of full technological readiness. For a more realistic design of the system, a model was created that includes a detailed description of the individual components of the heat removal circuit, such as turbines, compressors, and heat exchangers (HXs), where the efficiency of the individual components is recalculated according to specific working parameters. The result shows a significantly lower complexity of the system and minimal built-up space compared to the Rankine steam cycle with slightly lower efficiency.

Published
2024
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50. Microfluidics and Metabolomics Reveal Symbiotic Bacterial–Fungal Interactions Between Mortierella elongata and Burkholderia Include Metabolite Exchange

Author

Jessie K. Uehling, Matthew R. Entler, Hannah R. Meredith, Larry J. Millet, Collin M. Timm, Jayde A. Aufrecht, Gregory M. Bonito, Nancy L. Engle, Jessy L. Labbé, Mitchel J. Doktycz, Scott T. Retterer, Joseph W. Spatafora, Jason E. Stajich, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, and Rytas J. Vilgalys

Subjects
bacterial–fungal interactions, microfluidics, metabolomics, fatty acid, symbiotic evolution, Mortierella elongata, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

We identified two poplar (Populus sp.)-associated microbes, the fungus, Mortierella elongata strain AG77, and the bacterium, Burkholderia strain BT03, that mutually promote each other’s growth. Using culture assays in concert with a novel microfluidic device to generate time-lapse videos, we found growth specific media differing in pH and pre-conditioned by microbial growth led to increased fungal and bacterial growth rates. Coupling microfluidics and comparative metabolomics data results indicated that observed microbial growth stimulation involves metabolic exchange during two ordered events. The first is an emission of fungal metabolites, including organic acids used or modified by bacteria. A second signal of unknown nature is produced by bacteria which increases fungal growth rates. We find this symbiosis is initiated in part by metabolic exchange involving fungal organic acids.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

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