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In seawater pipeline, the welding joint is a non-uniform structure composed of welding seam, base metal and heat affected zone. It has inhomogeneity in chemical composition, organizational structure, residual stress, etc. As local defects and high turbulence accelerate corrosion, the welding joint is often the weakest link in pipeline corrosion. Herein, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of B10 alloy welded joint in flowing seawater is studied from macroscopic and submicroscopic viewpoints using AC impedance, linear polarization, array electrode and morphological characterization. The results reveal that the corrosion rate of weld metal (WM), base metal (BM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) decreased with the increase of time. Combined with SEM and EDS analysis, it can be seen that the increase in time led to the decomposition and accumulation of corrosion products, which gradually enhanced the corrosion resistance of welded joints. At the submicroscopic scale, WM acts as a cathode to mitigate corrosion during the later stages of high flow rate.

The electrochemical corrosion behavior and the development mechanism of the local corrosion of X65 steel under different defect depths were studied by using macroscopic electrochemical measurements and characterization techniques. A CO2-saturated NACE solution was used to study electrochemical corrosion characteristics in the single-phase flow-accelerated corrosion test loop system. Changes in the flow characteristic around the defects at different depths were characterized by COMSOL. The results indicated that samples with lower depth defects tend to deepen towards the radial direction both in the deep defects and shallow defects. Moreover, the upper and trailing edge of the defect has a tendency to deepen and expand the region of the defect under the influence of higher turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the shearing rate.

Halonitromethanes (HNMs), as an emerging class of disinfection by-products containing nitrogen (N-DBPs) in drinking water, have possessed public health concerns. Two most studied materials, graphene and nanometer-sized zero-valent iron, have been successfully combined into binary nanocomposites (G-nZVI) via facile carbonization and calcinations of glucose and ferric chloride, which was used in the removal of HNMs from drinking water in this study. When the Fe/C mass ratio was 1:5, the as-prepared G-nZVI hybrids comprised numerous dispersed Fe(0) nanoparticles with a range of 5-10 nm in diameter. Batch experimental results indicated that the as-prepared G-nZVI could effectively remove trichloronitromethane (TCNM), a dominant in the group of HNMs from drinking water. About 99% of initial TCNM could be adsorbed and degraded under 60 mg/L G-nZVI dosage within 120 min. Kinetic studies indicated that the removal of TCNM by G-nZVI followed a pseudo first order rate (R(2) > 0.9). The degradation pathways of TCNM by G-nZVI nanocomposites might include dechlorination and denitration of TCNM. The Fe was in the form of iron oxides in the graphene material shape which was then restored to Fe(0) again via calcinations. These results indicated that the synthesized G-nZVI nanocomposites could be a powerful material to remove HNMs from drinking water.

A determination method of 12 phenolic compounds in soil and sediment samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis coupled with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for clean-up was developed. The method detection limits (MDLs) varied from 0. 410 μg/kg to 13. 1 μg/kg (dry weight), and the average recoveries ranged from 70. 7% to 122% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1. 2% to 16%. Based on this method, the levels of 12 phenolic compounds were investigated in 17 soil surrounding a chemical industrial park along the Yangtze River and seven sediment samples collected in the river. It was found that 11 of the 12 phenolic compounds were detected in all of the 24 samples, and only hydroquinone was below the MDL. The contents of the total 12 phenolic compounds were 10. 16-30. 66 mg/kg in the soil and 18. 00-29. 83 mg/kg in the sediment, with the average contents of 18. 26 and 22. 51 mg/kg respectively. It showed that 4-nitro- phenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, 2-chlorohydroquinone, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol and 2,4,6- trichlorophenol were five major phenolic contaminants in the soil and sediment in this study. The pollution levels of the 12 phenolic compounds were low in the soil of the chemical industrial park as well as in the sediment of the Yangtze River, which implied a comparatively low risk for the environment.