17 results on '"Enzymic browning"'
Search Results
2. Studies on Phenolic Content and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity of Sugarcane Varieties with Reference to Sugar Processing.
- Author
-
Manohar, M., Harish Nayaka, M., and Mahadevaiah
- Abstract
The phenolic content of sugarcane varieties was analysed during 6, 10 and 12 months age. The total phenolic content (TPC) was found to increase from 10 to 20 mg/100 ml (6 months) to 70-90 mg/100 ml (12 months) and stabilize during peak maturity period. Concentration of phenolics was found to be higher at the top portion of the sugarcane. The raw juice from cane samples were clarified by defecation and 30-40 % removal of TPC was observed. The sugar samples and the intermediate process products collected from sugar factories were analysed for the phenolic content and colour. Dark coloured sugars and intermediate products were found to have higher phenolics. Enzymic browning due to polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity contributes significantly to colouring of cane juice. The absorbance increased to an extent of 70-80 % during the first 10 min of juice extraction. Colour input to sugar process can be reduced by inhibition of PPO activity of cane juice by chemical inhibitors and heating. Ascorbic acid alone inhibited PPO activity by 35 % and to an extent of 85 % combined with heating. Juice holding time in mills for 10-15 min increases enzymic browning hence; heating the juice instantly on extraction could reduce the colour formation to an extent of 40 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Polyphenoloxidase activity and browning in fresh-cut ‘Rocha’ pear as affected by pH, phenolic substrates, and antibrowning additives.
- Author
-
Gomes, M. Helena, Vieira, Tiago, Fundo, Joana F., and Almeida, Domingos P.F.
- Subjects
- *
PEARS , *POLYPHENOL oxidase , *PHENOL content of fruit , *PLANT extracts , *PLANT cells & tissues , *COLOR of fruit , *ENZYMATIC browning - Abstract
Highlights: [•] The relationship between PPO activity and browning in pears depends on the phenolic substrate. [•] PPO activity against a water-soluble pear extract did not correlate with tissue color changes. [•] PPO activity is not a good indicator of tissue browning in fresh-cut pear. [•] Direct assessment of color changes is a rapid and accurate method to estimate relevant response to antibrowning treatments. [•] pH of the antibrowning solution significantly affects color changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Reduced enzymatic browning in potato tubers by specific editing of a Polyphenol oxidase gene via Ribonucleoprotein complexes delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 System
- Author
-
Gonzalez, Matías Nicolás, Massa, Gabriela Alejandra, Andersson, Mariette, Turesson, Helle, Olsson, Niklas, Fält, Ann-Sofie, Storani, Leonardo, Decima Oneto, Cecilia Andrea, Hofvander, Per, and Feingold, Sergio Enrique
- Subjects
Catecol Oxdasa ,Enzymic Browning ,Pardeamiento Enzimático ,Polifenol Oxidase ,Solanum Tuberosum ,Genomes ,Papa ,Potatoes ,Catechol Oxidase ,Genomas - Abstract
Polyphenol Oxidases (PPOs) catalyze the conversion of phenolic substrates to quinones, leading to the formation of dark-colored precipitates in fruits and vegetables. This process, known as enzymatic browning, is the cause of undesirable changes in organoleptic properties and the loss of nutritional quality in plant-derived products. In potato (Solanum tubersoum L.), PPOs are encoded by a multi-gene family with different expression patterns. Here, we have studied the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce mutations in the StPPO2 gene in the tetraploid cultivar Desiree. We hypothesized that the specific editing of this target gene would result in a lower PPO activity in the tuber with the consequent reduction of the enzymatic browning. Ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), formed by two sgRNAs and Cas9 nuclease, were transfected to potato protoplasts. Up to 68% of regenerated plants contained mutations in at least one allele of the target gene, while 24% of edited lines carried mutations in all four alleles. No off-target mutations were identified in other analyzed StPPO genes. Mutations induced in the four alleles of StPPO2 gene, led to lines with a reduction of up to 69% in tuber PPO activity and a reduction of 73% in enzymatic browning, compared to the control. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be applied to develop potato varieties with reduced enzymatic browning in tubers, by the specific editing of a single member of the StPPO gene family. EEA Balcarce Fil: González, Matías Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Massa, Gabriela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agraria; Argentina. Fil: Andersson, Mariette. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding; Suecia Fil: Turesson, Helle. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding; Suecia Fil: Olsson, Niklas. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding; Suecia Fil: Fält, Ann-Sofie. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding; Suecia Fil: Storani, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Decima Oneto, Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Hofvander, Per. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding; Suecia Fil: Feingold, Sergio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.
- Published
- 2020
5. Hydrogen ion concentration affects quality retention and modifies the effect of calcium additives on fresh-cut ‘Rocha’ pear
- Author
-
Gomes, M. Helena, Fundo, Joana F., Santos, Sílvia, Amaro, Ana L., and Almeida, Domingos P.F.
- Subjects
- *
PEAR diseases & pests , *HYDROGEN ions , *ENZYMATIC browning , *MICROBIAL growth , *HORTICULTURAL products , *HYDROGEN-ion concentration , *FOOD additives , *CALCIUM content of food , *EFFECT of hydrogen-ion concentration on food - Abstract
Abstract: ‘Rocha’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) was used as a model system to assess the effect of pH of dipping solutions on quality retention of fresh-cut fruit and its interaction with calcium additives. Pear slices were dipped for 60s in a buffer solution at pH 3.0, 5.0 or 7.0 and stored at 4.5°C for 13 days. In other experiments, pear slices were dipped for 60s in buffer solutions containing 250mM of calcium ascorbate, lactate, chloride, and propionate, at pH 3.0 or 7.0, and stored at 4.5°C for 6 days. Browning and softening were more intense in slices dipped in a solution at pH 3.0 than at pH 5.0 or 7.0, but microbial growth was lower in slices treated at pH 3.0. The effect of calcium additives depended on the anion and significant interactions between the effects of calcium salt and pH were observed. Calcium ascorbate was very effective in preserving color and reducing microbial growth irrespective of pH, but enhanced pectin solubilization and tissue softening at pH 3.0. Slices treated with 250mM calcium propionate or calcium lactate were softer and had higher electrolyte efflux when treated at pH 3.0 than at pH 7.0. Calcium lactate enhanced browning and reduced microbial growth at pH 3.0 but did not affect color or microbial counts at pH 7.0. All calcium treatments enhanced electrolyte leakage. pH of the dipping solution can affect, per se, the quality of fresh-cut fruit. The choice of calcium additives to prevent undesirable changes on visual and sensory quality of cut produce should involve pH ranges that provide the expected benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Inhibition of browning on the surface of apple slices by short term exposure to nitric oxide (NO) gas
- Author
-
Pristijono, Penta, Wills, R.B.H., and Golding, J.B.
- Subjects
- *
NITRIC oxide , *DISINFECTION & disinfectants , *FOOD packaging , *APPLE storage - Abstract
Abstract: Freshly cut slices of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh cv. Granny Smith) were fumigated with nitric oxide (NO) gas at concentrations between 1 and 500μll−1 in air at 20°C for up to 6h followed by storage at 0, 5, 10 and 20°C in air. Exposure to nitric oxide delayed the onset of browning on the apple surface with the most effective treatment being fumigation with 10μll−1 NO for 1h. While nitric oxide inhibited browning in slices held at all temperatures, it was relatively more effective as the storage temperature was reduced with the extension in postharvest life over the respective untreated slices increasing from about 40% at 20°C to about 70% at 0°C. In a smaller study on ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Sundowner’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Red Delicious’ slices stored at 10°C, 10μll−1 NO for 1h was found to be effective in inhibiting surface browning in all cultivars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Inhibition of enzymic browning in cloudy apple juice with selected antibrowning agents
- Author
-
Özoğlu, H. and Bayındırlı, A.
- Subjects
- *
ENZYMATIC browning , *APPLE juice - Abstract
Golden Delicious apple juice was subjected to enzymic browning in the presence of the selected antibrowning agents: ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, l-cysteine, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid and
β -cyclodextrin. The relative effectiveness of these antibrowning agents for inhibition of enzymic browning in apple juice was determined in terms of colour and enzyme activity measurements with respect to time for approximately one day storage period at25±1 °C . The most effective agents were determined as l-cysteine, cinnamic acid and ascorbic acid. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the potency of the l-cysteine, ascorbic acid and cinnamic acid combination for the control of enzymic browning. The ascorbic acid, l-cysteine and cinnamic acid combination provided better results than the individual compounds. The optimum combination was determined as 0.49 mM ascorbic acid, 0.42 mM l-cysteine and 0.05 mM cinnamic acid in the cloudy apple juice stored for 2 h at25±1 °C . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2002
8. Molecular cloning and characterisation of banana fruit polyphenol oxidase.
- Author
-
Gooding, Paul S., Bird, Colin, and Robinson, Simon P.
- Subjects
POLYPHENOL oxidase ,GENETIC engineering ,POLYPHENOLS ,FLORAL products ,INFLORESCENCES ,CLONE cells - Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.10.3.2) is the enzyme thought to be responsible for browning in banana [Musa cavendishii (AAA group, Cavendish subgroup) cv. Williams] fruit. Banana flesh was high in PPO activity throughout growth and ripening. Peel showed high levels of activity early in development but activity declined until ripening started and then remained constant. PPO activity in fruit was not substantially induced after wounding or treatment with 5-methyl jasmonate. Banana flowers and unexpanded leaf roll had high PPO activities with lower activities observed in mature leaves, roots and stem. Four different PPO cDNA clones were amplified from banana fruit (BPO1, BPO11, BPO34 and BPO35). Full-length cDNA and genomic clones were isolated for the most abundant sequence (BPO1) and the genomic clone was found to contain an 85-bp intron. Introns have not been previously found in PPO genes. Northern analysis revealed the presence of BPO1 mRNA in banana flesh early in development but little BPO1 mRNA was detected at the same stage in banana peel. BPO11 transcript was only detected in very young flesh and there was no detectable expression of BPO34 or BPO35 in developing fruit samples. PPO transcripts were also low throughout ripening in both flesh and peel. BPO1 transcripts were readily detected in flowers, stem, roots and leaf roll samples but were not detected in mature leaves. BPO11 showed a similar pattern of expression to BPO1 in these tissues but transcript levels were much lower. BPO34 and BPO35 mRNAs were only detected at a low level in flowers and roots and BPO34 transcript was detected in mature leaves, the only clone to do so. The results suggest that browning of banana fruit during ripening results from release of pre-existing PPO enzyme, which is synthesised very early in fruit development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Estudio de la actividad biológica y toxicidad de extractos naturales obtenidos a partir de especies vegetales silvestres
- Author
-
Micheloni, O.B., González, E., Leclerq, B., Rollandeli, G., Oackley, L., and Farroni, Abel Eduardo
- Subjects
Especies Vegetales ,Catecol Oxidasa ,Enzymic Browning ,Plant Extracts ,Cytotoxicity ,Antioxidantes ,Citotoxicidad ,Antioxidants ,Valor Agregado ,Extractos Vegetales ,Foods ,Alimentos ,Pardeamiento Enzimático ,Catechol Oxidase - Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar extractos acuosos de especies vegetales silvestres en base a su capacidad antioxidante, inhibición del pardeamiento enzimático y citotoxicidad para evaluar su utilización corno aditivos en matrices alimentarias. Además se comparó el calentamiento convencional con el asistido por microonda para realizar los extractos. Se eligieron 16 especies vegetales que tienen o tuvieron alguna utilización como alimento. El material recolectado se clasificó botánicamente, se secó y se molió. Se realizaron extractos acuosos que luego se filtraron y se midieron polifenoles torales por Folin-Ciocalteu, capacidad captadora de radicales libres por DPPH, capacidad de inhibición de la polifenoloxidasa de manzana y toxicidad utilizando el test de Artemia Salina. El proceso de extracción asistido por microondas fue más eficiente en la extracción de polifenoles y sencillo de aplicar usando equipo estándar y de bajo costo. El estudio preliminar de toxicidad mostró valores muy bajos para la mayoría de las especies. Solidago chilensis. Lantana camara y Eryngium horridum mostraron alto contenido de polifenoles y alta actividad captadora de radicales libres. Urtica urens mostró efecto inhibitorio sobre la PPO de manzana junto a una LC50 muy alta. Las especies estudiadas resultaron prometedoras para la búsqueda de compuestos antioxidantes como aditivos alimentarios, el uso de especies comestibles es un buen punto de partida para la selección. Se requieren estudios más profundos sobre la composición de estos extractos para identificar los metabolismos responsables de las características observadas. EEA Pergamino Fil: Micheloni, O.B. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Fil: González, E. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Fil: Leclerq, B. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Fil: Rollandeli, G. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Fil: Oackley, L. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Fil: Farroni, A.E. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Laboratorio Calidad de Alimento, Suelo y Agua; Argentina.
- Published
- 2018
10. The color of apple juices and ciders : structural analysis and impact of several physical-chemical parameters
- Author
-
Le Deun, Erell, STAR, ABES, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Rennes 1, Sylvain Guyot, Marie-Laurence Abasq-Paofai, Université de Rennes 1, and Guyot Sylvain
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Polyphenol oxidase ,Apple juice ,UV-Visible spectroelectrochemistry ,Jus de pomme ,Spectrométrie de masse ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,Oxidation ,Chromatographie HPLC ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Oxydation ,these ,Hplc ,[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Mass spectrometry ,Ph ,Cidre ,Polyphenols ,Polyphénols ,Potentiel redox ,Enzymic browning ,Brunissement enzymatique ,Apple cider ,Polyphénol oxydase ,Fermentation ,Molecular modelling ,Spectroélectrochimie UV-Visible ,Redox potential ,Modélisation moléculaire - Abstract
The phenolic compounds are involved in the main organoleptic properties of plant-derived foods. They are especially responsible for the bitterness, the astringency and the color of apple cider products. The browning observed during fruit processing is related to the formation of yellow-orange pigments. By its catalytic activities, the polyphenol oxidase, a plastidial enzyme, initiates the oxidation of polyphenols in the presence of oxygen. It leads to the formation of quinones, very reactive species which are quickly involved in further chemical reactions. Some of the neoformed products are colored. Four apple juices, showing contrasted colors, were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC-DAD-MS in order to obtain their profiles in colored compounds. The presence of yellow-orange oxidized tanning and non-tanning compounds was highlighted. Within the latter compounds, some phloridzin oxidation products, deriving from dihydrochalcones, were clearly identified (POPj, XGPOPj). In parallel, coupled approaches in real media and model solutions led to the identification of a new colored structure deriving from an oxidative coupling between a dihydrochalcone and a flavanol monomer. Finally, catechin trimers were also characterized in synthetic medium but they were not detected directly in apple juices. Moreover, the color expressed by the yellow-orange pigments can suffer some variations as a function of the physical-chemical environment. For instance, the cider fermentation results generally in a loss of color in apple juices; but the composition of the fermentative medium evolves under the influence of several parameters, such as pH and redox potential. The impact of reducing conditions on the color of POPj and A-type dehydrotriepicatechin, both selected as model pigments of apple juices, was explored by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry. Besides, the changes in spectral properties of POPj, related to its protonation state, were rationalized by TD-DFT calculations., Les composés phénoliques sont impliqués dans les propriétés organoleptiques majeures des aliments dérivant d’une matrice végétale. Ils sont notamment responsables de l’amertume, de l’astringence et de la couleur des produits cidricoles. Le brunissement observé lors de la transformation des fruits est lié à la formation de pigments jaunes-orangés. Il est initié par l’activité d’une enzyme plastidiale, la polyphénol oxydase, qui catalyse l’oxydation des polyphénols en présence d’oxygène. Cela aboutit à la formation de quinones, espèces chimiques très réactives qui sont rapidement impliquées dans des voies réactionnelles ultérieures. Certains produits néoformés sont colorés. Un profilage des molécules colorées présentes dans quatre jus de pomme monovariétaux aux couleurs contrastées a été réalisé en CLHP-DBD-SM. Il a mis en évidence l’existence de tannins oxydés colorés et de composés jaunes-orangés non tannants. Parmi ces derniers, des produits d’oxydation de la phloridzine, dérivant de la classe des dihydrochalcones, ont été clairement identifiés (POPj, XGPOPj). Des approches couplées en milieu réel et solution modèle ont en outre permis d’identifier une nouvelle structure colorée dérivant d’un couplage oxydatif entre une dihydrochalcone et un flavanol monomère. Enfin, des déhydrotrimères d’épicatéchine ont pu être caractérisés en solution synthétique mais n’ont pas été détectés directement dans les jus. Par ailleurs, la couleur exprimée par les pigments formés peut subir des modulations en fonction de l’environnement physico-chimique. A titre d’exemple, la fermentation cidricole génère classiquement une décoloration des moûts ; or la composition du milieu fermentaire évolue sous l’influence de différents paramètres tels que le pH ou le potentiel redox. L’impact d’un milieu réducteur sur la couleur du POPj et d’une déhydrotriépicatéchine de type A, sélectionnés comme pigments modèles des jus de pomme, a été exploré par voltammétrie cyclique et spectroélectrochimie UV-visible. En outre, les changements de propriétés spectrales du POPj liés à son état de protonation ont été rationalisés par des approches de TD-DFT.
- Published
- 2016
11. Hydrogen ion concentration affects quality retention and modifies the effect of calcium additives on fresh-cut ‘Rocha’ pear
- Author
-
Ana L. Amaro, Domingos P.F. Almeida, M. Helena Gomes, Joana F. Fundo, and Sílvia C.R. Santos
- Subjects
PH ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Pyrus communis ,Electrolyte ,Horticulture ,Calcium ,Chloride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Calcium ascorbate ,Firmness ,medicine ,Browning ,Food science ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Minimal processing ,biology ,Buffer solution ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbial growth ,Pectin ,Enzymic browning ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Propionate ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis L.) was used as a model system to assess the effect of pH of dipping solutions on quality retention of fresh-cut fruit and its interaction with calcium additives. Pear slices were dipped for 60. s in a buffer solution at pH 3.0, 5.0 or 7.0 and stored at 4.5°C for 13 days. In other experiments, pear slices were dipped for 60. s in buffer solutions containing 250. mM of calcium ascorbate, lactate, chloride, and propionate, at pH 3.0 or 7.0, and stored at 4.5°C for 6 days. Browning and softening were more intense in slices dipped in a solution at pH 3.0 than at pH 5.0 or 7.0, but microbial growth was lower in slices treated at pH 3.0. The effect of calcium additives depended on the anion and significant interactions between the effects of calcium salt and pH were observed. Calcium ascorbate was very effective in preserving color and reducing microbial growth irrespective of pH, but enhanced pectin solubilization and tissue softening at pH 3.0. Slices treated with 250. mM calcium propionate or calcium lactate were softer and had higher electrolyte efflux when treated at pH 3.0 than at pH 7.0. Calcium lactate enhanced browning and reduced microbial growth at pH 3.0 but did not affect color or microbial counts at pH 7.0. All calcium treatments enhanced electrolyte leakage. pH of the dipping solution can affect, per se, the quality of fresh-cut fruit. The choice of calcium additives to prevent undesirable changes on visual and sensory quality of cut produce should involve pH ranges that provide the expected benefits.
- Published
- 2010
12. Polyphenoloxidase activity and browning in fresh-cut 'Rocha' pear as affected by pH, phenolic substrates and antibrowning additives
- Author
-
Joana F. Fundo, Tiago Vieira, Domingos P.F. Almeida, and M. Helena Gomes
- Subjects
030309 nutrition & dietetics ,enzymic browning ,Color ,Pyrus communis ,Horticulture ,minimal processing ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Calcium ascorbate ,Chlorogenic acid ,Caffeic acid ,Browning ,Organic chemistry ,Food science ,food additive ,Food additive ,Minimal processing ,0303 health sciences ,Catechol ,Catechin ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Ascorbic acid ,040401 food science ,Enzymic browning ,color ,chemistry ,Pyrogallol ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
tThe effect of pH, phenolic substrates, and food additives on polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and ontissue browning was studied in fresh-cut ‘Rocha’ pear. Substrates 4-methylcatechol, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin hydrate, catechol, chlorogenic acid, dopamine hydrochloride, and pyrogallol, were preparedin citric acid-phosphate buffer at pHs ranging from 3.0 to 8.0. pH optima for PPO activity dependedon the phenolic substrate. Activity was optimal at pH 5.0 for catechol and 4-methylcatechol; pH 6.0 forchlorogenic acid; pH 7.0 for dopamine, caffeic acid, and catechin; and pH 8.0 for pyrogallol. Discrepancieswere observed between the pH dependency of PPO activity and browning, as assessed by objective colormeasurement. Significant correlations were obtained between enzyme activity and metric-hue difference( H*) over the pH range 3.0–8.0 for four of the eight phenolics. Chlorogenic acid, the main PPO substratein ‘Rocha’ pear, induced high tissue browning but very low PPO activity at pH 3.0–4.0. Chemical inhibitionof PPO was tested using catechol as substrate, and buffer solutions containing 250 mM Ca2+in four salts(ascorbate, chloride, lactate and propionate), 57 mM ascorbic acid, 61 mM N-acetyl-l-cysteine and 3 mM4-hexylresorcinol. PPO inhibition by additives was affected by the pH of the buffer, and was more effectivewith ascorbic acid, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and calcium ascorbate. It was concluded that inferences on tissuebrowning based on PPO activity can be misleading. Measurement of tissue color is proposed as a reliablemeans to assess the antibrowning effectiveness of additives and the pH of additives for cut pear shouldbe corrected to reduce the browning potential info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2014
13. Isolation and characterization of blackspot pigments from potato tubers
- Author
-
Lucas H. Stevens and Evert Davelaar
- Subjects
Tubercle ,enzymic browning ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biochemistry ,Polyphenol oxidase ,Hydrolysate ,poly- phenol oxidase ,Melanin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pigment ,Chlorogenic acid ,Molecular Biology ,Solanaceae ,biology ,Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility ,Solanum tuberosum L ,food and beverages ,Instituut voor Agrobiologisch en Bodemvruchtbaarheidsonderzoek ,General Medicine ,Quinic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,melanin ,bruise ,blackspot ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,potato - Abstract
Blackspot related pigments were partially purified from bruised tubers of two commercial potato cultivars (cv. Bildtstar and cv. Lady Rosetta). Chemical characterization showed that these pigments consisted of protein and a relatively small amount of covalently bound constituents. These polymeric structures absorbed light throughout the visible spectrum without any maximum. They did not contain eumelanin. Quinic acid was detectable in hydrolysates of the pigments from Bildtstar, but not in those of Lady Rosetta, which indicated that chlorogenic acid may take part in blackspot formation, but is not essential for the discoloration. The results support the hypothesis that blackspot pigments are products of non-regulated reactions between nucleophilic amino acid residues in proteins, and quinones, which are derived from endogenous substrates of polyphenol oxidase. This means that blackspot formation most probably takes place in disintegrated cells.
- Published
- 1996
14. Tyrosine and cysteine are substrates for blackspot synthesis in potato
- Author
-
Lucas H. Stevens, Nico P.M. Smit, E. J. M. Pennings, Ria M. Kolb, and Evert Davelaar
- Subjects
Polyphenol oxidase ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Melanin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,Biosynthesis ,Tyrosine ,Catechol oxidase ,Molecular Biology ,Solanaceae ,Solanum tuberosum ,Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility ,Blackspot ,Permanganate ,food and beverages ,Instituut voor Agrobiologisch en Bodemvruchtbaarheidsonderzoek ,General Medicine ,Bruise ,Enzymic browning ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Potato ,Cysteine - Abstract
Partially purified blackspot pigments from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) of two commercial cultivars were subjected to a microassay for melanin, which consisted of specific chemical degradation and subsequent HPLC analysis. Permanganate oxidation yielded pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, whereas hydrolysis in hydriodic acid liberated aminohydroxyphenylalanine isomers. These results indicate that the polymeric pigments, which have previously been found to contain a protein matrix, carry crosslinked 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid and benzothiazine units. This leads to the conclusion that free tyrosine and free cysteine are incorporated in the proteinaceous pigments via the polyphenol oxidase catalysed pathway of melanogenesis in the process of blackspot formation. The findings are in accordance with the hypothesis that the process of blackspot formation is a non-regulated cascade of reactions in disintegrated tuber cells, rather than a finely tuned biosynthesis.
- Published
- 1998
15. Biochemical potential of potato tubers to synthesize blackspot pigments in relation to their actual blackspot susceptibility
- Author
-
Lucas H. Stevens and Evert Davelaar
- Subjects
Polyphenol oxidase ,Biology ,Melanin ,Pigment ,Solanum tuberosum L ,Cultivar ,Catechol oxidase ,Legume ,Solanaceae ,Caffeic acid ,Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility ,Blackspot ,food and beverages ,Instituut voor Agrobiologisch en Bodemvruchtbaarheidsonderzoek ,Chlorogenic acid ,General Chemistry ,Bruise ,Solanum tuberosum ,biology.organism_classification ,Enzymic browning ,Biochemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,biology.protein ,Tyrosine ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Potato - Abstract
In a study of six potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.), which were grown under two different fertilization regimes, the biochemical potential of tuber tissue to synthesize blackspot pigments was distinguished from the actual blackspot susceptibility exhibited after impact application. Blackspot susceptibility and biochemical potential for pigment synthesis were not correlated, which supports the hypothesis that the extent to which the blackspot potential is actually being used is mediated by the sensitivity to cell decompartmentation. Quantification of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), soluble protein, and endogenous PPO substrates demonstrated that the content of free tyrosine is the predominant determinant for the biochemical potential for blackspot synthesis. PPO was not a limiting factor for pigment synthesis, even if PPO content was relatively low. It was therefore concluded that manipulation of PPO activity may offer a solution to the problem of blackspot formation only if it leads to a virtually complet...
- Published
- 1997
16. Analyse des transformations oxydasiques (PPO, POD) responsables du brunissement et de la dégradation des pigments anthocyaniques des jus de bluet (Vaccinium corymbosum, L.) : caractéristiques des principaux constituants du fruit, importance de la contribution des intermédiaires quinoniques
- Author
-
Kader, Farid, UL, Thèses, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, and Maurice Metche
- Subjects
Polyphenol ,Pigments ,Mécanisme réaction ,Quinones ,Myrtille ,Vaccinium corymbosum ,Réaction de ,Enzymic browning ,Bluerry ,Brunissement enzymatique ,Vaccinium-Composition ,Peroxydases ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Pigment ,Oxidation ,Anthocyanes-Biodégradation ,Chemical analysis ,Oxydation ,Analyse chimique ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Reaction mechanism ,Maillard - Abstract
Not available, Dans une première partie, nous nous sommes penchés sur la caractérisation des principaux constituants du fruit de bluet (Vaccinium cortymbosum) afin d'établir la carte d'identité biochimique des acides carboxyliques, sucres simples, protéines, pectines, constituants d'arome, composés phénoliques (anthocyanines, phénols simples, esters et hétérosides phénoliques), cations ainsi que des activités enzymatiques: invertase, sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase. Ces résultats devraient aider à une meilleure maitrise des transformations technologiques des fruits. La manifestation d'une composante brune, au cours de la conservation de jus de bluet, nous a amenés dans une deuxième partie, à approfondir le processus de brunissement enzymatique au travers de deux activités polyphénol oxydasiques: péroxydases (POD) et polyphénol oxydases (PPO). L’activité péroxydasique des POD dépend étroitement d'un processus générateur de peroxyde d'hydrogène. Il en ressort que la contribution des POD au brunissement enzymatique des fruits est assujettie aux réactions lentes d'autooxydation de divers substrats, avec génération de peroxyde d'hydrogène. Le broyage des fruits frais conduit à un brunissement intense imputable à la fois à l'acide chlorogénique (AC), aux pigments anthocyaniques, à l'oxygène et à l'activité PPO qui a été partiellement caractérisée. Afin de mieux cerner les mécanismes réactionnels nous avons eu recours à des systèmes modèles parfaitement définis. La cafeyl o-quinone nous a permis d'une part de déterminer la stœchiométrie des réactions quinone/pigments anthocyaniques et d'autre part de faciliter la purification des produits de la réaction en vue de déterminer leurs structures. Les résultats obtenus contribuent à mieux comprendre les mécanismes du brunissement et le rôle des différentes structures mises en jeu. Il en ressort que les PPO exercent une activité déterminante pour la transformation des composés polyphénoliques des fruits tandis que les POD ne semblent manifester qu'une activité limitée
- Published
- 1996
17. Analysis of oxidative reactions (PPO, POD) involved in browning and degradation of anthocyanin pigments of blueburry (Vaccinium corymbosum) : characteristics of the major constituents of the fruit, importance of the contribution of the quinone intermediates
- Author
-
Kader, Farid, UL, Thèses, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, and Maurice Metche
- Subjects
Polyphenol ,Pigments ,Mécanisme réaction ,Quinones ,Myrtille ,Vaccinium corymbosum ,Réaction de ,Enzymic browning ,Bluerry ,Brunissement enzymatique ,Vaccinium-Composition ,Peroxydases ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Pigment ,Oxidation ,Anthocyanes-Biodégradation ,Chemical analysis ,Oxydation ,Analyse chimique ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Reaction mechanism ,Maillard - Abstract
Not available, Dans une première partie, nous nous sommes penchés sur la caractérisation des principaux constituants du fruit de bluet (Vaccinium cortymbosum) afin d'établir la carte d'identité biochimique des acides carboxyliques, sucres simples, protéines, pectines, constituants d'arome, composés phénoliques (anthocyanines, phénols simples, esters et hétérosides phénoliques), cations ainsi que des activités enzymatiques: invertase, sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase. Ces résultats devraient aider à une meilleure maitrise des transformations technologiques des fruits. La manifestation d'une composante brune, au cours de la conservation de jus de bluet, nous a amenés dans une deuxième partie, à approfondir le processus de brunissement enzymatique au travers de deux activités polyphénol oxydasiques: péroxydases (POD) et polyphénol oxydases (PPO). L’activité péroxydasique des POD dépend étroitement d'un processus générateur de peroxyde d'hydrogène. Il en ressort que la contribution des POD au brunissement enzymatique des fruits est assujettie aux réactions lentes d'autooxydation de divers substrats, avec génération de peroxyde d'hydrogène. Le broyage des fruits frais conduit à un brunissement intense imputable à la fois à l'acide chlorogénique (AC), aux pigments anthocyaniques, à l'oxygène et à l'activité PPO qui a été partiellement caractérisée. Afin de mieux cerner les mécanismes réactionnels nous avons eu recours à des systèmes modèles parfaitement définis. La cafeyl o-quinone nous a permis d'une part de déterminer la stœchiométrie des réactions quinone/pigments anthocyaniques et d'autre part de faciliter la purification des produits de la réaction en vue de déterminer leurs structures. Les résultats obtenus contribuent à mieux comprendre les mécanismes du brunissement et le rôle des différentes structures mises en jeu. Il en ressort que les PPO exercent une activité déterminante pour la transformation des composés polyphénoliques des fruits tandis que les POD ne semblent manifester qu'une activité limitée
- Published
- 1996
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.