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In recent yearsjajajj, peptide-based therapeutics have attracted increasing interest as a potential approach to cancer treatment. Peptides are characterized by high specificity and low cytotoxicity, but they cannot be considered universal drugs for all types of cancer. Of the numerous anticancer-reported peptides, both natural and synthetic, only a few have reached clinical applications. However, in most cases, the mechanism behind the anticancer activity of the peptide is not fully understood. For this reason, in this work, we investigated the effect of the novel peptide ∆M4, which has documented anticancer activity, on two human skin cancer cell lines. A novel approach to studying the potential induction of apoptosis by anticancer peptides is the use of protein microarrays. The results of the apoptosis protein study demonstrated that both cell types, skin malignant melanoma (A375) and epidermoid carcinoma (A431), exhibited markers associated with apoptosis and cellular response to oxidative stress. Additionally, ∆M4 induced concentration- and time-dependent moderate ROS production, triggering a defensive response from the cells, which showed decreased activation of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase. However, the studied cells exhibited a differential response in catalase activity, with A375 cells showing greater resistance to the peptide action, possibly mediated by the Nrf2 pathway. Nevertheless, both cell types showed moderate activity of caspases 3/7, suggesting that they may undergo partial apoptosis, although another pathway of programmed death cannot be excluded. Extended analysis of the mechanisms of action of anticancer peptides may help determine their effectiveness in overcoming chemoresistance in cancerous cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver transplant recipients have an increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma. High-risk patient groups have been identified, especially women who have received liver transplant for more than 10 years. New screening guidelines were published in January 2024. The aim is to screen high-grade dysplastic lesions, whose treatment has been shown to reduce the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma. A HPV16 test is suggested, followed by clinical examination and anal cytology. If cytological lesions are found, high-resolution anoscopy should be performed. Liver transplant and colo-proctology teams need to organize systematic screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that cross reacting material (CRM197), a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin, may play an important role in treating cancers with poor prognoses. Doxorubicin-hydrochloride (DOX) is an antineoplastic prescription medicine for the treatment of certain types of cancer. Considering that CRM197 is a known carrier in targeted delivery, CRM197-DOX complexes might be a step towards targeted therapy and reduced overall toxicity. Aim. This study aims to explore the potential to inhibit the growth of tumour cells. To achieve that goal, we evaluated the usage of CRM197-DOX complexes in squamous carcinoma cell line A431 and compared it with the effect on other immortalised cell lines. The methods used in this research include derivation and purification of recombinant CRM197 through immobilized-metal affinity chromatography and electrophoresis in a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. DOX-loaded CRM197 complexes were formed by the addition of a 5 μM solution of doxorubicin to 0.5 μg of protein with further dialysis in PBS. The cell viability assay was conducted using free CRM197 at different concentrations, DOX, CRM197 with DOX, as well as DOX-loaded CRM197. DOX-loaded CRM197 along with CRM197 with the addition of DOX showed significant differences in cell viability compared to control wells. CRM197- Results. DOX complexes have an evident inhibitory effect on epidermoid carcinoma cell growth and can be used as treatment against epithelial tumours, with CRM197 as a promising carrier for targeted drug delivery. Conclusions. CRM197-DOX complexes show evident inhibition of epidermoid carcinoma cell growth and can be used as treatment against epithelial tumours, especially those overexpressing the proHB-EGF and its receptors, EGFR1 and EGFR4, with CRM197 as a promising carrier for targeted drug delivery.

Aim. To explore the potential to inhibit the growth of tumour cells which express EGF receptors, in this study, we evaluated the usage of CRM197-DOX complexes in squamous carcinoma cell line A431 and compared it with the effect on other immortalised cell lines such as 3T3 fibroblasts and kidney epithelial Vero cells. Methods. Cell lines. All cell lines were cultivated in a humidified 37 °C incubator with 5% CO2, using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics. Protein extraction and purification. For recombinant CRM197 and HB-EGF protein expression, E.coli, containing pET28(a)-CRM197 and pET32(a)-HB-EGF plasmids respectively, were grown in the lysogeny broth with the edition of an antibiotic (Kanamycin or Ampicillin) for ~2 h at 37 °C. Later, each culture was induced with IPTG and was further grown for ~3 h at 30 °C. Both cultures were centrifuged, pellets resuspended in separate tubes with the buffer containing 6 M urea and lysed by ultrasound homogenisation. Homogenized cell mass was centrifuged and the supernatants containing CRM197 and HB-EGF were retained and used for the purification of respective proteins. PolyHis labelled CRM197 and HB-EGF were purified by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography and eluate fractions were dialysed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) [4]. Aliquots of proteins with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) loading buffer were used for 10% SDS-PAGE. The gel was stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250. The expression of CRM197 and HB-EGF was confirmed by comparing bands appearing on the gel at ~58 kDa and ~10 kDa respectively. Complex loading. 5 μM of doxorubicin was dissolved in 1 ml of 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. The DOX solution was added to the 0.5 μg of protein. Then, the heterogenous solution was mixed for 12 h at 4 °C with further dialysis in PBS (for loaded CRM197-DOX). MTT assay. Cells were cultivated in 96-well flat-bottomed plates in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics for 24 h, then washed twice with PBS, and a fresh FBS-free culture medium was added. Control substances were added at the following concentrations: DOX — 5 μM, HB-EGF — 0.5 μg/ml, CRM197 — 0.5 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml, CRM197 + DOX — 0.5 μg/ml of protein and 5 μM of DOX, CRM197-DOX (loaded) — 0.5 μg/ml (according to protein). After incubation for 48 h in a humidified 37 °C incubator with 5% CO2, the optical density of the samples was measured using a multi-well spectrophotometer at 570 nm [5]. Statistics. Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA and the Tukey–Kramer procedure were performed using Statistics Kingdom and showed significant effects for pairwise comparisons of control to test groups (P < 0.05). Results and Discussion. Analytic expression with further running SDS-PAGE (Fig. 1) indicated that CRM197 is extracted in an insoluble form; purified and eluated CRM197 (~0.1 mg/ml) in the fraction C was later used in the experiment (Fig. 2). In the A431 cell line (Fig. 3, A), treatment with CRM197 inhibited cell growth by 11% (0.5 μg/ ml) and 25% (1 μg/ml). CRM197 + DOX showed results similar to those of CRM197 at 1 μg/ml concentration and of 5 μM DOX. CRM197-DOX loaded complex inhibited cell growth by 17%. It is worth noting that the excess of unbound DOX was removed by dialysis, therefore the main cytostatic effect is caused by the loaded CRM197-DOX, adding to the hypothesis that these complexes may further be used for targeted treatment of tumour cells. The 3T3 cell line (Fig. 3, B) showed little to no reaction to CRM197 treatment but was excessively responding to treatment with doxorubicin-hydrochloride. CRM197 + DOX and the loaded CRM197- DOX showed results of 43% and 19% respectively. The Vero cell line (Fig. 3, C) reacted to CRM197 at 0.5 μg/ml with a growth inhibition by 26%, and both 1 μg/ml concentration and CRM197 + DOX showed a result of ~37%. The loaded complex showed efficiency of 31%. All CRM197 treatments were significantly more effective than DOX. Conclusions. CRM197-DOX complexes show evident inhibition of epidermoid carcinoma cell growth and can be used as treatment against epithelial tumours, especially those overexpressing the proHB-EGF and its receptors, EGFR1 and EGFR4, with CRM197 as a promising carrier for targeted drug delivery. Since DOX-loaded CRM197 complex shows lesser cytotoxicity than free DOX, we concluded that a certain amount of the antibiotic is lost in the process of loading, but DOX-loaded CRM197 complex still inhibits cell proliferation more strongly than free CRM197. However, there is still a need for more efficient loading techniques and to fill the gap of DOX to CRM197 loading process mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent yearsjajajj, peptide-based therapeutics have attracted increasing interest as a potential approach to cancer treatment. Peptides are characterized by high specificity and low cytotoxicity, but they cannot be considered universal drugs for all types of cancer. Of the numerous anticancer-reported peptides, both natural and synthetic, only a few have reached clinical applications. However, in most cases, the mechanism behind the anticancer activity of the peptide is not fully understood. For this reason, in this work, we investigated the effect of the novel peptide ∆M4, which has documented anticancer activity, on two human skin cancer cell lines. A novel approach to studying the potential induction of apoptosis by anticancer peptides is the use of protein microarrays. The results of the apoptosis protein study demonstrated that both cell types, skin malignant melanoma (A375) and epidermoid carcinoma (A431), exhibited markers associated with apoptosis and cellular response to oxidative stress. Additionally, ∆M4 induced concentration- and time-dependent moderate ROS production, triggering a defensive response from the cells, which showed decreased activation of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase. However, the studied cells exhibited a differential response in catalase activity, with A375 cells showing greater resistance to the peptide action, possibly mediated by the Nrf2 pathway. Nevertheless, both cell types showed moderate activity of caspases 3/7, suggesting that they may undergo partial apoptosis, although another pathway of programmed death cannot be excluded. Extended analysis of the mechanisms of action of anticancer peptides may help determine their effectiveness in overcoming chemoresistance in cancerous cells.

Penile neoplasms are rare. The main goal of our case report is to demonstrate the important role of imaging in local and regional cancer extension assessment, to guide the treatment plan. We report a case of penile epidermoid carcinoma in a 54 year old uncircumcised man, with a history of chronic smoking, presenting with a mass in the base of the penis.

Synchronous multiple primary lung tumors are a relatively rare entity with an increasing incidence in recent years due to the development of thoracic imaging and immunohistochemical techniques. The second lesion is considered in most cases as a secondary location, which partly explains the decrease in the incidence of this entity. We report the observation of a 74-year-old patient with two synchronous primary lung tumors, an adenocarcinoma and an epidermoid carcinoma. Through this clinical observation, we highlight the difficulty of diagnosing synchronous tumors and the major interest of new imaging modalities and immunohistochemical techniques for the optimal management of these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A position statement put forth by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) was constructed to provide evidence‐based treatment recommendations for PD‐1 inhibitor use in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Secondarily, we sought to identify knowledge gaps warranting further investigation. Methods: A literature search utilizing key terms: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous cancer, checkpoint inhibitors, systemic therapy, Program Cell Death, PD‐1 (PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) was carried out to generate evidence‐based statements. The statements were distributed among the AHNS membership. Delphi methodology was applied to identify statements achieving 70% or greater consensus among the leadership team. Results: Twenty‐six position statements achieved consensus. Knowledge gaps for future research included: impact of immunosuppression on cSCC staging and associated treatment; role of PD‐1 inhibitors in immunosuppressed patients. Conclusion: This comprehensive position statement put forth by the AHNS represents majority consensus by practicing head and neck surgeons throughout the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptides have become attractive potential agents due to their affinity to cancer cells. In this work, the biological activity of the peptide ΔM4 against melanoma cancer cell line A375, epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431, and non-tumoral HaCaT cells was evaluated. The cytotoxic MTT assay demonstrates that ΔM4 show five times more activity against cancer than non-cancer cells. The potential membrane effect of ΔM4 was evaluated through lactate dehydrogenase release and Sytox uptake experiments. The results show a higher membrane activity of ΔM4 against A431 in comparison with the A375 cell line at a level of 12.5 µM. The Sytox experiments show that ΔM4 has a direct effect on the permeability of cancer cells in comparison with control cells. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the affinity of the peptide to membranes resembling the composition of tumoral and non-tumoral cells. The results show that ΔM4 induces a fluidization effect on the tumoral lipid system over 5% molar concentration. Finally, to determine the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of the cell, flow cytometry analyses were performed employing an annexin V–PE conjugate. The results suggest that 12.5 µM of ΔM4 induces phosphatidylserine translocation in A375 and A431 cancer cells. The findings of this study support the potential of ΔM4 as a selective agent for targeting cancer cells. Its mechanism of action demonstrated selectivity, membrane-disrupting effects, and induction of phosphatidylserine translocation.

Actomyosin contractility regulates various cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation while dysregulation of actomyosin activity contributes to cancer development and progression. Previously, we have reported that actomyosin-generated tension at adherens junctions is required for cell density-dependent inhibition of proliferation of normal skin keratinocytes. However, it remains unclear how actomyosin contractility affects the hyperproliferation ability of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells. In this study, we find that actomyosin activity is impaired in cSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. External application of tensile loads to adherens junctions by sustained mechanical stretch attenuates the proliferation of cSCC cells, which depends on intact adherens junctions. Forced activation of actomyosin of cSCC cells also inhibits their proliferation in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrest induced by tensile loading to adherens junctions is accompanied by epidermal differentiation in cSCC cells. Our results show that the degree of malignant properties of cSCC cells can be reduced by applying tensile loads to adherens junctions, which implies that the mechanical status of adherens junctions may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cSCC.

Here, the simultaneous effect of chemo- and photothermal therapy against epidermoid carcinoma (EC) was investigated. A novel hydrogel, termed bionanogel (BNG), was designed using psyllium mucilage polysaccharide and bacterial gellan gum, incorporated with nanocomplex carrying caffeic acid (CA) and IR-820, and further characterized. The dual effect of BNG and 808 nm laser (BNG + L) on EC was investigated. Staining and scratch assays were performed to analyze their therapeutic effect on EC. In vivo evaluations of BNG + L in xenograft models were performed. Rapid transition, limited swelling, degradability and high tensile strength indicated BNG stability and sustained drug release. Irradiation with 808 nm laser light at 1.25 W /cm2 for 4 min resulted in a temperature increase of 53 °C and facilitated cell ablation. The in vitro studies showed that BNG + L suppressed cancer progression via a late apoptotic effect. The in vivo study showed that the slow release of CA from BNG + L significantly attenuated EC with low mitotic index and downregulation of proteins involved in cancer proliferation such as EGFR, AKT, PI3K, ERK, mTOR and HIF-1α. Thus, BNG could be a novel medium for targeted and controlled drug delivery for the treatment of epidermoid cancer when triggered by NIR light. [Display omitted] • Psyllium polysaccharide-gellan gum hydrogel was loaded with NC to form bionanogel. • Sustained release of caffeic acid within tumor microenvironment was evinced under NIR light. • Chemo-photothermal therapeutic effect showed late apoptotic effect on epidermoid cancer cells. • Histological analysis showed reduction in mitosis which inhibited cellular proliferation. • Proteins involved in cancer cell multiplication were down regulated during treatment. • Prepared novel bionanogel with PTT could be a potential treatment regimen for skin cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Myiasis may develop secondary to malignant neoplasms. • Surgical treatment associated with administration of Ivermectin is effective in curing myiasis. • The establishment of a multiprofessional team is fundamental in the treatment of myiasis. Myiasis is caused by the infestation of fly larvae in human tissues and it presents immunodeficiency, poor hygiene, or malignant neoplasias as predisposing chronic diseases. To describe a clinical case of myiasis associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in an elderly patient. A 60-year-old male, black, smoker, and alcoholic patient with OSCC, who refused initial cancer treatment and sought hospital care with an extensive facial lesion and approximately 150 larvae in the extraoral region. The treatment was given through the administration of 6 mg of Ivermectin associated with the surgical removal of the larvae. Subsequently, palliative chemotherapy began. Myiasis can sometimes be associated with OSCC and it commonly occurs in individuals who live in unhealthy locations and present poor hygiene and low immunity. In addition to medication, the surgical removal of the larvae is important in the treatment of myiasis. Patient adherence to cancer treatment is essential to avoid the negative evolution of the tumor. The social component linked to the development of myiasis makes it an important public health topic, as it is related directly to the lack of primary care. Surgical and drug treatments are required to cure myiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein with a growing number of biological functions in addition to its well-established binding and circulatory transport of thyroxine, and indirect retinoid transport through interaction with retinol-binding protein. Misfolded and aggregated wild-type and mutant TTRs are involved in amyloid diseases. Several aspects of TTR pathology and physiology remain poorly understood. Receptor-mediated cellular transport of TTR has been described in a few cell types; and such studies suggest the possibility of different TTR receptors and endocytic pathways. Our main objective was to further understand the endocytic pathways for TTR. Methods: In the current study, analyses of TTR endocytic transport were performed in the human A431 cell line. The results of TTR uptake were compared with those of the iron-carrier protein transferrin (Tf, a common stardard for endocytosis studies) in the same cell types. Results: A comparison of TTR and Tf endocytosis suggested similar early, 5–10 min, accumulation kinetics. But at a later time, 30 min, TTR accumulation was 20-30% lower than that of Tf (p <.05), a result that suggests different post-endocytic fates for these two ligands. Through the use of multiple endocytosis inhibitors, biochemical evidence is provided for an internalization pathway that differs from the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of Tf. Conclusions: These results for A431 cells are compared with others reported for different cell types; and it is suggested that this same hormone carrier protein can transit into cells through multiple endocytic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is the most common histological subtype of anal cancer. Rates have been observed to increase in recent years. Combined chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is currently the gold standard of treatment. The aim of this study is to assess ASCC prevalence, treatment trends, and overall survival (OS) in the United States. Patients diagnosed with stage I–IV ASCC were identified from the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2015. The primary outcome was 5-year OS, which was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models. 34,613 cases were included (stage I: 21.45%; II: 41.00%; III: 31.62%; IV: 5.94%), with an increasing trend in prevalence. CCRT was the most used treatment. Multimodal treatment, combining surgery with CCRT, offered the best OS rates for stage I, II, and IV cancers (I: 84.87%; II: 75.12%; IV: 33.08%), comparable with survival of stage III patients treated with CCRT (III: 61.14%). Radiation alone had the worse OS rates, and on adjusted analysis, radiation treatment alone had the greatest risk of mortality (I: hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.54; P = 0.016; II: 2.05, 1.44-2.93, P < 0.001; IV: 1.99, 0.99-4.02, P = 0.054). ASCC has increased in prevalence, notably in stage III and IV disease. Although CCRT is the most commonly used treatment type for all stages of ASCC, multimodal treatment offers better OS in stages I, II, and IV. Treatment with radiation alone offers the worst OS no matter the stage and should no longer be used as a solitary treatment modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stomatos is the property of Revista Stomatos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diterpenoid plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) plays an important role in regulation of plant growth and development and is commonly used in agriculture for activation of plant growth and food production. It is known that many plant-derived compounds have miscellaneous biological effects on animals and humans, influencing specific cellular functions and metabolic pathways. However, the effect of GA on animal and human cells remains controversial. We investigated the effect of GA on cultured human cell lines of epidermoid origin—immortalized non-tumorigenic keratinocytes HaCaT and carcinoma A431 cells. We found that at a non-toxic dose, GA upregulated the expression of genes associated with the ER stress response—CHOP, sXBP1, GRP87 in both cell lines, and ATF4 predominantly in A431 cells. We also showed that GA was more effective in upregulating the production of ER stress marker GRP78, autophagy marker LC3B-II, and differentiation markers involucrin and filaggrin in A431 cells than in HaCaT. We conclude that GA induces mild ER stress in both cell lines, followed by the activation of differentiation via upregulation of autophagy. However, in comparison with immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT, GA is more effective in inducing differentiation of carcinoma A431 cells, probably due to the inherently lower differentiation status of A431 cells. The activation of differentiation in poorly differentiated and highly malignant A431 cells by GA may lower the level of malignancy of these cells and decrease their tumorigenic potential.

Introduction: The oral mucosa can be affected by traumatic lesions, viral, fungal and bacterial infections, as well as by benign and, malignant tumors, development malformations and autoinmmune genetic and psychosomatic diseases, among others. Objective: To characterize clinically and epidemiologically patients with oral cancer and other lesions of the bucomaxillofacial complex. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 56 patients of both sexes, with some evident morphological change in the bucomaxillofacial complex, assisted in the Stomatology Service of Eduardo Mesa Llull Polyclinic, II Frente municipality in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from September, 2015 to the same month in 2017. Among the analyzed variables there were: age, sex, skin color, anatomical localization, definitive diagnosis and histological type. The primary information was obtained from the interviews and of the medical records. On the other hand, an exhaustive physical examination was made and a sample for biopsy was taken with the aim of diagnosing the present disorders. Results: The 35-59 years patients, mestizos and the female sex prevailed in the case material. The most affected areas were the cheek mucosa and the lower lip for the oral cancer and the residual alveolar edges and the cheek mucosa for the other lesions. Oral leukoplakia was the most common definitive diagnosis and the carcinoma epidermoid the preponderant histological variety. Conclusions: Health education, promotion and prevention, are essential in the Stomatology environment, so that it is imperative to evaluate and renew programs for they to have more influence on education and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

View large Download slide View large Download slide OBJECTIVES The risk factors for oesophageal achalasia, a precancerous condition that can lead to epidermoid carcinoma, are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine these factors. METHODS Beginning in 1973, patients presenting with achalasia from 1955 to 2016 periodically underwent clinical assessment, the barium swallow test (the oesophageal diameter and residual barium column were measured) and endoscopy according to a prospective protocol. We included patients with the minimum follow-up duration of 12 months. RESULTS Of 681 cases, 583 patients were considered. The median follow-up time was 147.13 months (interquartile range 70.42–257.82 months), and 17 epidermoid carcinomas and 1 carcinosarcoma were diagnosed. After excluding 4 achalasia patients admitted with a cancer diagnosis, the incidence rate of epidermoid carcinomas was 1.61/1000 persons-year, and the cumulative probability of developing cancer at 56.34 years of follow-up was 13%. Risk factors for cancer were a sigmoid oesophagus [risk ratio (RR) = 17.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.13–75.43], duration of achalasia symptoms >280 months (RR = 19.62, 95% CI 4.59–83.80), duration of follow-up >353 months (RR = 5.96, 95% CI 2.50–14.18), oesophageal diameter at diagnosis >71 mm (RR = 21.07, 95% CI 9.29–47.82), residual barium column at diagnosis >23 cm (RR = 24.27, 95% CI 6.93–85.01) and residual barium column at the last follow-up >10 cm (RR = 8.15, 95% CI 2.40–27.62). Conversely, the risk of epidermoid carcinoma was lower when the residual barium swallow decreased by >57% (RR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.03–0.34). CONCLUSIONS Patients with achalasia carry a substantial risk of developing epidermoid carcinoma. Several factors, such as sigmoid achalasia and dysphagia lasting more than 23 years, are associated with an increased risk of cancer. An effective Heller myotomy may positively influence the carcinogenetic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral cancer is a major public health issue worldwide and it remains a highly lethal and disfiguring disease. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and represents about 90% of all oral malignancies. Increase in incidence and mortality rates is a Global health problem. Squamous cell carcinoma is known to show geographical variation with respect to the age, site, sex and habits of the population. It is a malignant tumor of epithelial origin, with varied regional distribution involved in the biological activity of the neoplasm. Each anatomic site has its own particular spread pattern and prognosis. Hence this study was undertaken to present a comprehensive data on the trends of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. Material and Methods: The study included a total of 127 previously diagnosed cases among a period of 5 years from January 2005 to December 2009. Results: It occurred in an age range from 17 to 86 years and male to female ratio of 3:1. Most commonly affected site was buccal mucosa with ulceroproliferative growth and large number of cases in the 4th and 5th decades of the life. According to histopathological grading 83% cases were well differentiated, 16% were moderately differentiated and only 1% case was poorly differentiated. Conclusion: Thus squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity shows geographical variations with respect to the age, site, sex and habits of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To present treatment results of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at a tertiary cancer care center from 1985 to 2015.Materials and Methods: A total of 2082 patients were eligible for this study. Main outcomes measured were overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS). Prognostic variables were identified with bivariate analyses using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank testing for comparison. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and significant factors were entered into multivariate analysis. Median age was 62 years (16-100), 56% were men, 66% reported a history of tobacco use and 71% of alcohol consumption. The most common subsite was tongue (51%). Seventy-three percent of patients had cT1-2 and 71% had clinically negative necks (cN0). Surgery alone was performed in 1348 patients (65%), adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy in 608 patients (29%) and postoperative chemoradiation in 126 patients (6%). Neck dissection was performed in 920 patients with cN0, and in 585 patients with a clinically involved neck. The median follow-up was 37.6 months (range 1-382).Results: The 5-year OS and DSS were 64.4% and 79.3%, respectively. Age, comorbidities, margin status, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, AJCC 8th edition pT, and pN were independent prognostic factors of OS (p < 0.05). History of alcohol consumption, margin status, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, pT, and pN were independent prognostic factors of DSS (p < 0.05).Conclusion: pN stage is the most powerful and consistent predictor of outcome in patients with OSCC treated with primary surgery and appropriate adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Proliferating trichilemmal cyst is a rare benign neoplasms from the hair follicles. • There are no reports of proliferating trichilemmal cyst in the perianal region. • The treatment for trichilemmal cyst is surgical excision with normal tissue margins. • The differential diagnosis of trichilemmal cyst include squamous cell carcinoma. Abstract Introduction Proliferating trichilemmal cysts (PTCs) are rare benign neoplasms originating from the follicular isthmus. They can undergo trichilemmal keratinization and malignant degeneration to form epidermoid carcinoma. They occur on the scalp in more than 90% of patients and are more common in elderly women. Presentation of case A 56-year-old woman complained of perianal discomfort upon sitting. She presented with a perianal nodule of approximately 3 cm in diameter that had exhibited slow and progressive growth over 8 years. After surgical excision of the lesion with safety margins, histopathological examination showed that it was a proliferating trichilemmal cyst in the perianal region. Discussion There are no reports in the literature on PTC in the perianal region. The location with the highest prevalence is the scalp; other sites of occurrence are the neck, trunk, underarms, pubis, vulva, lower and upper limbs, upper lip, and gluteal region. Conclusion The development of PTC in the perianal region is an exceptional occurrence, and when it does occur, surgical treatment should always be indicated because of the risk of malignant degeneration to form epidermoid carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermoid carcinomas account for one third of cutaneous carcinomas. These are the most common cancers in adults. On dark skin, epidermoid carcinomas do not mainly occur on photo-exposed areas but rather complicate chronic ulcers. We are reporting the case of a 39 years old patient, HIV 1 positive being consulted for a budding tumor of the upper lip occurred on chronic erosion that appeared three years before. The histopathological examination of the bioptic specimen and of the resection specimen objectified a differentiated and mature epidermoid carcinoma. The patient was classified as Stage II: T3 N0 M 0. A complete tumor resection was performed followed by a double labial reconstruction by local advancement flap. Chronic ulceration and HIV infection have been identified as factors that favored malignant transformation. Limited access to health facilities has reportedly favored the evolution of lesions towards a complicated form and difficult medical care. The therapeutic challenge was to remove the tumor while preserving the function and aesthetics of the mouth.

Background: Pulmonary nodular excavation should firstly evoke tuberculosis or necrosis broncho-pulmonary tumor, particularly: epidermoid carcinoma. The case discussed here illustrated these difficulties in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Case Presentation: A 63-year-old woman was presented with a-three-year history of RA and a recent discovery of an excavated pulmonary nodule. Initial investigations focused on a rheumatoid origin. The evolution of the disease was worrisome and surgical exploration was deemed mandatory. The result was the discovery of a nodule of a malignant nature. Conclusion: In this paper, we discussed the excavation of the pulmonary nodule, its diagnoses and management of the difficulties we encountered.

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cancer with an estimated annual incidence of 186,157 to 849,843 cases in the United States. High-risk squamous cell carcinoma is a subgroup that is associated with a greater capacity to develop nodal metastases and therefore high morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of high risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the Hospital General de Mexico and to determine its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective and descriptive study was done in which clinical files from January 2005 to December 2014, of the Dermato-Oncology Unit of the Hospital General de Mexico, were reviewed. We identified those whose clinical diagnosis was that of squamous cell carcinoma with histological confirmation. From each of the files were collected high risk factors for high-risk squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS: 5463 records were reviewed, of which 1169 corresponded to histopathologically confirmed epidermoid carcinoma; of these 71 files fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma representing a prevalence of 6%. The highest frequency was in men (55%). It predominated in patients older than 65 years (69%). The most affected topography was in the cephalic segment with predominance in ear (35.5%). In relation to high-risk factors, the tumor diameter greater than 5 cm was present in 46 patients (65%), followed by perineural invasion in 34 patients (48%) and location in high-risk areas (ear, lip or genital) with 30 patients (42%). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma during the studied period was of 6%; it was more frequent in men and in older than 65 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin cancer is among the most common cancer types accompanied by rapidly increasing incidence rates, thus making the development of more efficient therapeutic approaches a necessity. Recent studies have revealed the potential role of decosahexaenoic acid ester of phloridzin (PZDHA) in suppressing proliferation of liver, breast, and blood cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic potential of PZDHA in an in vitro model of skin cancer consisting of melanoma (A375), epidermoid carcinoma (A431), and non-tumorigenic (HaCaT) cell lines. Decosahexaenoic acid ester of phloridzin led to increased cytotoxicity in all cell lines as revealed by cell viability assays. However, growth inhibition and induction of both apoptosis and necrosis was more evident in melanoma (A375) and epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells, whereas non-tumorigenic keratinocytes (HaCaT) appeared to be more resistant as detected by flow cytometry. More specifically, PZDHA-induced cell cycle growth arrest at the G2/M phase in A375 and A431 cells in contrast to HaCaT cells, which were growth arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Elevated intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species ROS was detected in all cell lines. Overall, our findings support the potential of PZDHA as a novel therapeutic means against human skin cancer.

We report the case of a 71-year-old female patient with a residual tumor lesion after the surgical resection of an invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the region of the bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye, with extension towards the medial canthus and adjacent cornea. She received radiation treatment in two phases: the fi rst with electrons 6 MeV, total dose 6000 cGy in 20 fractions; after a rest of two weeks, a second phase with strontium-90, 500 REPS, 3000 REPS. At the end of the treatment, no evidence of macroscopic lesion was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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