Search

Epora Walker, 1857 Epora Walker, 1857: 145. Type species: Epora subtalis Walker, 1857 by original designation. Distribution: China; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippine; Sri Lanka; Vietnam; Pakistan. Remarks: This genus has been adequately redescribed by Men et al. (2011). It can be distinguished by narrow pronotum with strongly oblique lateral areas; posterior margin of vertex concave; narrow forewing with many oblique transverse veins., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Webb, Mick & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Newly recorded genera in the planthopper family Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Pakistan with redescription of Epora montana Distant, pp. 281-286 in Zootaxa 4763 (2) on pages 281-282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3758177, {"references":["Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society London, 1, 141 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 00966. x","Men, Q. L., Feng, J. N. & Qin, D. Z. (2011) The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species. Zootaxa, 2803 (1), 32 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2803.1.3"]}

Epora montana Distant, 1912, new record to Pakistan (Figs 1 ���17) Epora montana Distant, 1912: 185. Epora subtalis Melichar, 1914: 51, junior synonym of E. subtalis Epora montana Distant, 1916: 48, 51. Redescription Figs (1���17) Moderately large, body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing): male 6.9���7.0 mm (n=2); female 7.1���7.2 mm (n=2). General color ochraceous; vertex, frons, pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen ochraceous or yellowish; compound eyes and ocelli yellowish; tegmina and veins pale ochraceous; legs ochraceous with spines on hind legs black tipped. Head in facial view with frons elongate longer in middle than width with rigid median and lateral margins; lateral margins subparallel slightly curved below antennae; frontoclypeal suture distinct slightly incised, slit like processes on anteclypeus; rostrum short, three segmented, not reaching hind coxae; first antennal segment short, ring shaped, second segment subglobose larger than first segment. Head, in dorsal view (incl. eyes), narrower than pronotum, slightly produced in front of eyes; vertex with distinct central longitudinal carina broader at level of base than middle anteriorly arched and thickened; lateral margins parallel and rigid, posterior margin concave, sharply raised; disc slightly incised, median carina not approaching anterior margin. Compound eyes large, oval; ocelli small. Pronotum with two median carina not reaching anterior margins, lateral carina not parallel curved towards anterior margin; short lateral carina on both sides between compound eyes and tegula; anterior margin of pronotum arched, posterior margin notched and excavated; pronotum at level of base wider than vertex. Mesonotum with three distinct carina; median carina straight reaching apical margin, lateral carina arched reaching posterior margin; pro and mesonotum longer in midline than vertex. Front wing hyaline concave in apical margin, posterior margin straight; costal margin with 14-15 obliquely transversely veinlets with apical and sub apical elongate narrow cells. Sc+R vein bifurcate at basal quarter, Cu 1 forking at basal ��, M vein joining nodal line, claval vein reached middle of clavus; hind wing transparent. Hind leg with 3 lateral tibial spines, spinal formula is 6-5-2. Male genitalia (Figs 11���15): Pygofer in profile quadrangular. In lateral view, anal segment elongate, tubular not reaching apex of aedeagus; lateroapical angles roundly produced, anal foramen in apical 1/4. Aedeagus long tubular, membranous basally curved, medially narrow slightly wider towards apex; apically with spine like processes directed caudally and two spines like processes laterally (one short and one long) directed towards anal segment. Periandrium short well developed with several processes; single short process arising in middle of aedeagus curving ventromesad bifurcating into two short diverging spine-like branches and 3 long processes directed posteriorly one on left and two on right side of aedeagus. Aedeagus with lobe like process near bent on ventral aspect. Gonostyle symmetrical, longer than wide laterally apically convex; dorsally with triangular process in distal half and with hook-like sclerotized processes directed posteriorly. Corpus connective tubular curved medially. Female genitalia (Figs 16, 17): In lateral view anal segment short, in dorsal view slightly round apically, anal style small and short. First valve (gonophyses VIII) saw like with 6 stout teeth���s on dorsal margin; ventrally with few small teeth���s. Second valve (gonophyses XI) triangular shape slightly sclerotized basally wider apically joined; third valve (gonoplace) membranous with 6 apical sclerotized stout teeth centrally curved projecting dorsally. Material examined: 1♀ (Syntype), India, Nilgiri Hills, Hampson, Distant Coll. 1911-383, NHMUK 013588135 (BMNH); 1♂, Calcutta, 22.v.1907, Distant Coll. 1911-383, NHMUK 013588136 (BMNH). 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Munjai, District Upper Dir 35��9'55.89"N 72��2'48.54"E, 1840m, 19-vi-2018, coll. Kamran Sohail (NWAFU). Distribution: India, Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Remarks: This species was described from an unknown number of specimens (syntypic) with the following data: ���Nilgiri Hills (Hampson)���. The single syntype in BMNH is figured together with an associated male. This species was treated as a junior synonym of E. subtilis by Melichar (1914) but Distant (1916) separated them by size and wing venation and recorded E. montana as a valid species. Here, we distinguish the two species based on shape of the head, being shorter in E. montana, from Borneo (syntypes in BMNH), by its shorter head. This comparison is made with the original figure of E. subtilis (Walker, 1857: 146, Pl. 7, Fig. 3) as the syntype in the BMNH and Hope Department, Oxford are without heads., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Webb, Mick & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Newly recorded genera in the planthopper family Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Pakistan with redescription of Epora montana Distant, pp. 281-286 in Zootaxa 4763 (2) on page 282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3758177, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1912) Descriptions of new genera and species of Oriental Homoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History London, Series 8, 9, 181 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693118","Melichar, L. (1914) Monographie der Tropiduchinen (Homoptera). Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereins in Brunn, 53, 1 - 145.","Distant, W. L. (1916) Rhynchota 6 (Homoptera: Appendix). In: The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 17 - 145.","Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society London, 1, 141 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 00966. x"]}

Epora biprolata Men & Qin, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4, 22–30) Description. Male. Body length 9.5-9.7 mm (n= 2). General color green to yellowish green (Figs 3, 4). Vertex with apical and lateral margins yellowish brown. Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Forewings with veins dark green, posterior cells of clavus orange yellow. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum, slightly produced in front of eyes (Figs 3, 4, 22, 24). Vertex broader at base than long in midline (about 2.3: 1.0), anterior margin arched and thickened, lateral margins parallel and distinctly ridged, posterior margin concave, sharp-edged, disc of vertex slightly depressed, median sulcus single, distinct, not reaching anterior margin, anterior margin of vertex and base of frons meeting in a broad callus (Figs 4, 24). Frons longer in midline than maximum width (about 1.4: 1.0), anterior margin convex and ridged, lateral margins ridged, subparallel except where convergent terminally from antennal base, median carina thickened (Fig. 23). Compound eyes oval (Fig. 24), lateral ocelli small (Fig. 24). Clypeus distinctly ridged centrally (Fig. 23). Pronotum with anterior margin arched, posterior margin obtusely excavated; dorsal disc distinctly broader than vertex at base, lateral carinae of the disc sinuately converging cephalad, two median carinae not attaining anterior margin; with one distinct, short, lateral carina on either side between eye and tegula (Figs 3, 22, 24). Mesonotum tricarinate; median carina straight, reaching the distinct transverse suture separating the dorsal angle; lateral carinae sinuate, extending to hind margin; pronotum and mesonotum together about 4.6 times as long as vertex in midline (Figs 3, 22). Forewings semitransparent, rounded apically, widest near apex; costal cell with 14–15 short transverse veinlets; Sc+R forking at basal 3 / 5, Cu 1 forking at basal 1 / 4, claval apex beyond mid-point of forewing, claval veins meeting at basal 2 / 5 of forewing; two ranks of transverse veinlets in membrane forming numerous apical cells and subapical cells (Figs 3, 28). Hindwings hyaline (Fig. 29). Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines and 6 apical spines, metatarsomere I with 5 distal spines. Male pygofer symmetrical and quadrangular in profile (Fig. 27). Anal tube stubby, not reaching the end of aedeagus; ventro-basally with two ribbon-like processes surpassing the apex of anal segment; anal style very short (Figs 25–27). Genital styles lobe-shaped, with apical 1 / 3 strongly narrowed caudad, its dorsal margin triangularly produced dorsad at basal 1 / 4, with a hook-shaped process with acute and curved apex on dorsal edge at basal 1 / 4 (Figs 27, 30). Aedeagal shaft tubular and elongate, with two asymmetrical triangular processes at apical 1 / 3: one on dorsal side and another one on ventral side and distad of which aedeagus bent dorsad; apex membranous, with two strongly sclerotised processes distally, the right one relatively long and directed caudoventrad, the left one having a triangular process at base (Figs 25–27). Periandrium well developed, symmetrical, fused with ventral base of anal segment and surrounding aedeagal shaft from base to middle, with a flaky process on ventral side (Figs 25–27). Material examined. Holotype male, China: Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 7 Jul. 2007, coll. Lijun Cai (NWAFU). Paratype. 1 male, China: Diaoluoshan, Hainan Province, 16 Aug. 2010, coll. Chaozhong Jiang (NWAFU). Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the Latin prefix ‘ bi -’ and Latin root ‘ prolatus ’ with the feminine termination - a, referring to its aedeagal shaft with two apical processes. Distribution. China (Hainan Province). Remarks. Epora biprolata sp. nov. is similar to E. bilemisca Qin & Men, 2010, but differs from the latter in the presence of the single lateral carina between eye and tegula (with two lateral carinae in E. bilemisca), the male anal segment with two ventro-basal processes (with two ventro-distal processes in E. bilemisca), the periandrium long and smooth on dorsal side (short, with processes on dorsal side in E. bilemisca), and the aedeagal shaft with two triangular processes in apical third and two long processes at apex (with two lateral flaky processes in apical third and one apical process at apex in E. bilemisca).

Key to the species of Epora 1 Vertex with a middle sulcus............................................................................. 2 - Vertex with a middle carina.............................................................................. 5 2 Anal tube with process................................................................................. 3 - Anal tube without process............................................................................... 4 3 Anal tube with a pair of ribbon-like processes ventrobasally (Figs 25–27)......................... E. biprolata sp. nov. - Anal tube with a pair of ribbon-like processes ventrodistally (see Qin & Men, 2010: 192, Figs 7, 10, 11)................................................................................................... E. bilemisca Qin & Men 4 Female with seventh sternite medially projected caudad in a semicircular lobe (see Chou et al., 1985: 36, Fig. 31 e)...................................................................................... E. hainanensis Chou & Wang - Female seventh sternite medially projected caudad in a subangulate lobe (see Fennah, 1978: 261, Fig. 218) E. callosa Fennah 5 Body ochraceous; forewings pale ochraceous (see Distant, 1916: 51).............................. E. montana Distant - Body pale green; forewings pale green..................................................................... 6 6 Male pygofer with dorsolateral angle acutely rounded (see Fennah, 1970: 73)......................... E. subtilis Walker - Male pygofer with dorsolateral angle broadly rectangular or subrectangulately rounded.............................. 7 7 Forewings with Cu 1 forked only moderately basad of the level of union of claval veins (see Fennah, 1970: 74)................................................................................................. E. themisto Fennah - Forewings with Cu 1 forked much basad of the level of union of claval veins....................................... 8 8 Forewings with cell Sc 1 / 5 as long as vein Sc+R measured from basal cell; vertex 1.6 times broader than long in midline (see Fennah, 1970: 71)....................................................................... E. laticeps Fennah - Forewings with cell Sc about 1 / 6 as long as vein Sc+R measured from basal cell; vertex 1.2 times broader than long in midline (see Fennah, 1970: 73)................................................................... E. stenops Fennah

Epora hainanensis Chou & Wang, 1985 (Figs 5, 6, 31���45) Epora hainanensis Chou & Wang, 1985: 36, figs 31 a���e; Men et al., 2010: 248���250, figs 1���15. Diagnosis. Body length: male 9.5 mm (n= 1), female 10.0 mm (n= 1). General colour pale green to yellowish green (Figs 5, 6). Vertex with apical and lateral margins yellowish brown. Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Forewings with veins dark green. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Vertex with ratio of basal width to median length 1.7: 1.0 (Figs 5, 31). Frons with ratio of median length to width at level of anterior margin 1.5: 1.0, lateral frontal margins subparallel except where convergent in apical 1 / 3 (Fig. 33). Pronotum wider than long medially (4.7: 1.0) (Figs 5, 31). Pronotum and mesonotum together about 2.8 times as long as vertex in midline. Male genitalia with pygofer quadrangular with dorsolateral angle produced rectangularly (Fig. 39). Anal tube stout, latero-distal margin produced with a pair of oxhorn-shaped processes (Figs 39���41). Genital styles about 2.4 times longer than maximum width; dorsally with an ear-like process near middle and a lateral, hook-shaped, caudad directed process below the ear-like process; at dorsal side with a triangular process in middle and a conical, dorsocaudad directed process at apex (Figs 37, 38). Periandrium tubular, surrounding aedeagus in middle, with dorsal margin connected with base of anal segment, with a pair of angular processes on ventral side apically (Figs 39��� 41). Aedeagus tubular, long, with six distinct processes: two of them being apical with the ventral one triangularflaky and directed caudad and the dorsal one membranously expanded at base, apparently narrowing towards apex; remaining four processes arising from apical 1 / 5 of aedeagus and cephalad directed in right lateral view (Figs 39��� 41). Material examined. China: 1 male, Diaoluoshan, Hainan Province, 26 May 2008, coll. Qiulei Men (NWAFU); 1 female, Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 6 Jun. 2007, coll. Lijun Cai (NWAFU). Distribution. China (Hainan Province). Remarks. This species is similar to E. callosa Fennah, 1978, but can be distinguished from latter by the forewings having 17���18 costal transverse veinlets and 21���22 apical cells (9 costal transverse veinlets and 17 apical cells in E. callosa) and the transverse veinlets more densely interspersed in the subapical cells (not densely interspersed in E. callosa)., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Feng, Ji-Nian & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2011, The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species, pp. 32-40 in Zootaxa 2803 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206608, {"references":["Fennah, R. G. (1978) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Vietnam. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa), 34, 207 - 279."]}

Epora Walker, 1857 Epora Walker, 1857: 145. Type species: Epora subtilis Walker, 1857, by original designation. Diagnosis. Green to ochraceous tropiduchids. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 22, 31). Vertex broader at base than long in midline, anterior margin rounded, projecting in front of eyes, disc of vertex slightly depressed with one median carina or sulcus (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 22, 31); frontal margins subparallel-sided and thickened, median carina distinctly ridged (Figs 8, 23, 33). Pronotum with two median carinae on disc and one or two short lateral carinae at either side between eye and tegula (Figs 7, 9, 22, 24, 31, 32). Mesonotum tricarinate, with a distinct transverse suture separating mesoscutellum, median carina straight, lateral carinae convergent anteriorly (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 22, 31). Hind tibia with 3 lateral and 6���7 apical spines, metabasitarsus with 5���8 spines apically. Forewings with costal cell bearing numerous transverse veinlets, Sc+R forked distad of middle of forewing, Cu 1 forked in basal quarter, membrane with two ranks of irregular transverse veinlets forming numerous subapical and apical cells (Figs 1, 3, 5, 10, 28, 34). Male pygofer bilaterally symmetrical. Genital styles symmetrical, lobeshaped, separated at base, with a hook-shaped process on lateral side (Figs 14, 30, 37). Aedeagal shaft tubular, elongate (Figs 16, 25, 39). Periandrium well developed (Figs 16, 25, 40). Remarks. Epora differs from other tropiduchid genera in the tribe Eporini in the vertex with posterior margin broadly concave; the pronotum narrow, with two contiguous median carinae and the lateral areas strongly oblique; and the forewings narrow, moderately amplified at apex, surpassing apex of the abdomen, and the costal membrane with numerous oblique, transverse veins. The species in the genus Epora was usually thought to have 2 distinct carinae on either side between eye and tegula (Fennah 1970, 1982). However, the new species described in this paper has only one lateral carina on either side (Fig. 24). Distribution. China (Guangdong and Hainan Provinces), India, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Feng, Ji-Nian & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2011, The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species, pp. 32-40 in Zootaxa 2803 on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206608, {"references":["Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal and Proceeding of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 141 - 175.","Fennah, R. G. (1970) The Tropiduchidae collected by the Noona Dan Expedition in the Philippines and the Bismarck Archipelago (Insecta, Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Steenstrupia, 1, 61 - 82.","Fennah, R. G. (1982) A tribal classification of the Tropiduchidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea), with the description of a new species on tea in Malaysia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 72, 631 - 643."]}

Epora bilemisca Qin & Men, 2010 (Figs 1, 2, 7–21) Epora bilemisca Qin & Men, 2010: 189 –192, figs 1–15. Diagnosis. Body length: male 9.5 mm (n= 2), female 9.8 mm (n= 1). General colour light green (Figs 1, 2). Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Vertex with ratio of basal width to median length 2.2: 1.0 (Figs 1, 7). Frons with ratio of median length to width at level of anterior margin 1.5: 1.0, lateral frontal margins distinctly parallel (Fig. 8). Pronotum wider than long medially (4.6: 1.0) (Figs 1, 7). Pronotum and mesonotum together about 4.0 times as long as vertex in midline. Male pygofer quadrangular, post-dorsal angle roundly produced (Fig. 12). Anal tube elongate, narrow, apex deflexed, with two slender ventral ribbon-like processes (Figs 12, 13, 16, 17). Genital styles lobed, rounded apically, about 3.1 times as long as wide, dorsally with a triangular process in apical 2 / 5 and a hook-like process on surface, directed caudad (Fig. 14). Periandrium short; dorsally connected with base of anal segment; on the dorsal surface with two broad compressed processes, inner margin concave, apices broadest, with two pairs of folded lobes subbasally (Figs 15–17). Aedeagus tubular, membranous apically, triangularly expanded, with a long and narrow dorsal process apically, directed caudodorsad; aedeagal shaft nearly half as long as aedeagus, with two lateral flaky processes in ventral view: right one bifurcated and left one sharply narrowing with pointed apex (Figs 15–17). Material examined. China: 1 male (holotype), Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 26 Jun. 2008, coll. Qiulei Men (NWAFU); 1 female (paratype), Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 21 Jul. 2009, coll. Manqiang Wang (NWAFU); 1 male (paratype), Xiaoaoshanzhuang, Guangdong Province, 22 Aug. 2010, coll. Manqiang Wang (NWAFU). Distribution. China (Hainan and Guangdong Provinces). Remarks. This species is similar to E. callosa Fennah, 1978, but differs from the latter in the vertex with ratio of basal width to median length 2.2: 1.0 (1.7: 1.0 in E. callosa), the female pregenital sternite produced caudad in an arched lobe (produced subangulately in E. callosa) and the female third valvulae having nine apical teeth (ten teeth in E. callosa).