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3. Tundra vegetation change and impacts on permafrost

Author

Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Magnússon, Rúna Í., Lara, Mark J., Frost, Gerald V., Myers-Smith, Isla H., van Huissteden, Jacobus, Jorgenson, M. Torre, Fedorov, Alexander N., Epstein, Howard E., Lawrence, David M., and Limpens, Juul

Published
2022
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5. Global Ecosystem Functional Types

Author

Bagnato, Camilo, primary, Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo, additional, Cabello, Javier, additional, Berbery, Hugo, additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Jobbágy, Esteban, additional, and Paruelo, José, additional

Published
2024
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10. Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic

Author

Myers-Smith, Isla H., Kerby, Jeffrey T., Phoenix, Gareth K., Bjerke, Jarle W., Epstein, Howard E., Assmann, Jakob J., John, Christian, Andreu-Hayles, Laia, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beck, Pieter S. A., Berner, Logan T., Bhatt, Uma S., Bjorkman, Anne D., Blok, Daan, Bryn, Anders, Christiansen, Casper T., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Cunliffe, Andrew M., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Forbes, Bruce C., Goetz, Scott J., Hollister, Robert D., de Jong, Rogier, Loranty, Michael M., Macias-Fauria, Marc, Maseyk, Kadmiel, Normand, Signe, Olofsson, Johan, Parker, Thomas C., Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Post, Eric, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Stordal, Frode, Sullivan, Patrick F., Thomas, Haydn J. D., Tømmervik, Hans, Treharne, Rachael, Tweedie, Craig E., Walker, Donald A., Wilmking, Martin, and Wipf, Sonja

Published
2020
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11. Permafrost Carbon: Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems.

Author

Treat, Claire C., Virkkala, Anna‐Maria, Burke, Eleanor, Bruhwiler, Lori, Chatterjee, Abhishek, Fisher, Joshua B., Hashemi, Josh, Parmentier, Frans‐Jan W., Rogers, Brendan M., Westermann, Sebastian, Watts, Jennifer D., Blanc‐Betes, Elena, Fuchs, Matthias, Kruse, Stefan, Malhotra, Avni, Miner, Kimberley, Strauss, Jens, Armstrong, Amanda, Epstein, Howard E., and Gay, Bradley

Subjects
WILDFIRES, TUNDRAS, PERMAFROST, CARBON dioxide sinks, FROZEN ground, SOIL freezing, VEGETATION dynamics
Abstract

Significant progress in permafrost carbon science made over the past decades include the identification of vast permafrost carbon stocks, the development of new pan‐Arctic permafrost maps, an increase in terrestrial measurement sites for CO2 and methane fluxes, and important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Process‐based modeling studies now include key elements of permafrost carbon cycling and advances in statistical modeling and inverse modeling enhance understanding of permafrost region C budgets. By combining existing data syntheses and model outputs, the permafrost region is likely a wetland methane source and small terrestrial ecosystem CO2 sink with lower net CO2 uptake toward higher latitudes, excluding wildfire emissions. For 2002–2014, the strongest CO2 sink was located in western Canada (median: −52 g C m−2 y−1) and smallest sinks in Alaska, Canadian tundra, and Siberian tundra (medians: −5 to −9 g C m−2 y−1). Eurasian regions had the largest median wetland methane fluxes (16–18 g CH4 m−2 y−1). Quantifying the regional scale carbon balance remains challenging because of high spatial and temporal variability and relatively low density of observations. More accurate permafrost region carbon fluxes require: (a) the development of better maps characterizing wetlands and dynamics of vegetation and disturbances, including abrupt permafrost thaw; (b) the establishment of new year‐round CO2 and methane flux sites in underrepresented areas; and (c) improved models that better represent important permafrost carbon cycle dynamics, including non‐growing season emissions and disturbance effects. Plain Language Summary: Climate change and the consequent thawing of permafrost threatens to transform the permafrost region from a carbon sink into a carbon source, posing a challenge to global climate goals. Numerous studies over the past decades have identified important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Overall, studies show high wetland methane emissions and a small net carbon dioxide sink strength over the terrestrial permafrost region but results differ among modeling and upscaling approaches. Continued and coordinated efforts among field, modeling, and remote sensing communities are needed to integrate new knowledge from observations to modeling and predictions and finally to policy. Key Points: Rapid warming of northern permafrost region threatens ecosystems, soil carbon stocks, and global climate targetsLong‐term observations show importance of disturbance and cold season periods but are unable to detect spatiotemporal trends in C fluxCombined modeling and syntheses show the permafrost region is a small terrestrial CO2 sink with large spatial variability and net CH4 source [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Introduction

Author

Boyer, Tim, primary, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, additional, Abida, A., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Agyakwah, W., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Aldeco, Laura S., additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Alfaro, Eric J., additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Allgood, Adam, additional, Alves, Lincoln. M., additional, Amador, Jorge A., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Andrade, B., additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Atkinson, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Avalos, Grinia, additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Bader, Stephan, additional, Baez, Julian, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Bardin, M. Yu, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Becker, Emily J., additional, Bekele, E., additional, Bellido, Guillem Martín, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berne, Christine, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bhuiyan, A. E., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Bissolli, Peter, additional, Bjerke Jarle, W., additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blake, Eric S., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Blunden, Jessica, additional, Bochníček, Oliver, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodenstein, Barbara, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Bringas, Francis G., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Bukunt, Brandon, additional, Calderón, Blanca, additional, Camargo, Suzana J., additional, Campbell, Jayaka, additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Chandler, Elise, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Chen, Hua, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Cheng, Vincent Y. S., additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clarke, Leonardo, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coelho, Caio A.S., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Correa, Kris, additional, Costa, Felipe, additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crhova, Lenka, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cunha, Ana P., additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, De Bock, Veerle, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Demircan, Mesut, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Deus, Ricardo, additional, Dhurmea, K. R., additional, Diamond, Howard J., additional, Dirkse, S., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Drost Jensen, Caroline, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Drumond, Paula, additional, du Plessis, Marcel, additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dusek, Robert, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Ekici, Mithat, additional, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, additional, ElKharrim, M., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fauchereau, Nicolas, additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fenimore, Chris, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Fogarty, Chris, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Frost, Gerald V. (JJ), additional, Fuhrman, Steven, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Ganter, Catherine, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Gille, Sarah T., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Gleason, Karin, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Goldenberg, Stanley B., additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Guard, Charles “Chip” P., additional, Hagos, S., additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Harnos, Daniel S., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, He, Qiong, additional, Heim, Richard R., additional, Hellström, Sverker, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Hicks, J., additional, Hidalgo, Hugo G., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Huang, Hongjie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jadra, Gerardo, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Johns, W., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Josey, Simon A., additional, Jumaux, G., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kabidi, K., additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kerr, Kenneth, additional, Khan, Valentina, additional, Khiem, Mai Van, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Mi Ju, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Klotzbach, Philip J., additional, Knaff, John A., additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Korshunova, Natalia N., additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Kruger, A. C., additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, L’Heureux, Michelle, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakatos, Mónika, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lam, Hoang Phuc, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Landsea, Chris W., additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Leung, Kinson H. Y., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Likso, Tanja, additional, Lin, I-I., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Lorrey, Andrew M., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Lu, Rui, additional, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magee, Andrew D., additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Marcinonienė, Izolda, additional, Marengo, Jose A., additional, Marjan, Mohammadi, additional, Martínez, Ana E., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McBride, C., additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Mcvicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mekonnen, A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Meyers, Tristan, additional, Mikolajczyk, David E., additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Misevicius, Noelia, additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Moise, Aurel, additional, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mora, Natali, additional, Morán, Johnny, additional, Morehen, Claire, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mostafa, A. E., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Nieto, Juan J., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Ochwat, Naomi, additional, Oikawa, Yoshinori, additional, Okunaka, Yuka, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Pasch, Richard J., additional, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perčec Tadić, Melita, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Pezza, Alexandre B., additional, Pezzi, Luciano P., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Pires, Vanda, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Quisbert, Kenny, additional, Quispe, Willy R., additional, Rajeevan, M., additional, Ramos, Andrea M., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Recalde, Cristina, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J., additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Robjhon, M., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Ronchail, Josyane, additional, Rosencrans, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rösner, Benjamin, additional, Rösner, Henrieke, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rubek, Frans, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Salinas, Roberto, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Santini, Marcelo, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Sayouri, A., additional, Scambos, Theodore, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schimanke, Semjon, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Schreck, Carl J., additional, Schultz, Cristina, additional, _, _, additional, Segele, Z. T., additional, Sensoy, Serhat, additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Shukla, R., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Sima, F., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Smith, Adam, additional, Smith, Matthew M., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Souza, Everaldo, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Spillane, Sandra, additional, Sreejith, O. P., additional, Srivastava, A. K., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stella, Jose L., additional, Stephenson, Tannecia S., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, additional, Takemura, Kazuto, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Taylor, Michael A., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thiaw, W. M., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tobin, Skie, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Trescilo, Lidia, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Trewin, Blair C., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Trotman, Adrian, additional, Truchelut, Ryan E., additional, Trusel, Luke D., additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., additional, van vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Vazife, Ahad, additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Walker, Donald (Skip) A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Willems, An, additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Willis, J., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Wood, Kimberly M., additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yang, Daqing, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yin, Ziqi, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Zhang, Peiqun, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Zhu, Zhiwei, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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13. The Arctic

Author

Moon, T. A., primary, Thoman, R., additional, Druckenmiller, M. L., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, BjerkeJarle, W., additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Drost, Jensen, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, EliasChereque, Alesksandra, additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Frost, Gerald V., additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Walker, Donald A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Yang, Dedi, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S., additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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15. Aeolian process effects on vegetation communities in an arid grassland ecosystem

Author

Alvarez, Lorelei J, Epstein, Howard E, Li, Junran, and Okin, Gregory S

Subjects
Aeolian processes, arid grassland, Chihuahuan desert, community changes, sediment flux, shrub expansion, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Many arid grassland communities are changing from grass dominance to shrub dominance, but the mechanisms involved in this conversion process are not completely understood. Aeolian processes likely contribute to this conversion from grassland to shrubland. The purpose of this research is to provide information regarding how vegetation changes occur in an arid grassland as a result of aeolian sediment transport. The experimental design included three treatment blocks, each with a 25 × 50 m area where all grasses, semi-shrubs, and perennial forbs were hand removed, a 25 × 50 m control area with no manipulation of vegetation cover, and two 10 × 25 m plots immediately downwind of the grass-removal and control areas in the prevailing wind direction, 19° north of east, for measuring vegetation cover. Aeolian sediment flux, soil nutrients, and soil seed bank were monitored on each treatment area and downwind plot. Grass and shrub cover were measured on each grass-removal, control, and downwind plot along continuous line transects as well as on 5 × 10 m subplots within each downwind area over four years following grass removal. On grass-removal areas, sediment flux increased significantly, soil nutrients and seed bank were depleted, and Prosopis glandulosa shrub cover increased compared to controls. Additionally, differential changes for grass and shrub cover were observed for plots downwind of vegetation-removal and control areas. Grass cover on plots downwind of vegetation-removal areas decreased over time (2004-2007) despite above average rainfall throughout the period of observation, while grass cover increased downwind of control areas; P. glandulosa cover increased on plots downwind of vegetation-removal areas, while decreasing on plots downwind of control areas. The relationships between vegetation changes and aeolian sediment flux were significant and were best described by a logarithmic function, with decreases in grass cover and increases in shrub cover occurring with small increases in aeolian sediment flux.

Published
2012

18. Modeling Sustainability of Arctic Communities: An Interdisciplinary Collaboration of Researchers and Local Knowledge Holders

Author

Kruse, Jack A., White, Robert G., Epstein, Howard E., Archie, Billy, Berman, Matt, Braund, Stephen R., Chapin,, F. Stuart, Charlie,, Johnny, Daniel, Colin J., Eamer, Joan, Flanders, Nick, Griffith, Brad, Haley, Sharman, Huskey, Lee, Joseph, Bernice, Klein, David R., Kofinas, Gary P., Martin, Stephanie M., Murphy, Stephen M., Nebesky, William, Nicolson, Craig, Russell, Don E., Tetlichi, Joe, Tussing, Arlon, Walker, Marilyn D., and Young, Oran R.

Published
2004

25. Influences of Satellite Sensor and Scale on Derivation of Ecosystem Functional Types and Diversity.

Author

Liu, Lingling, Smith, Jeffrey R., Armstrong, Amanda H., Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo, Epstein, Howard E., Echeverri, Alejandra, Langhans, Kelley E., Schmitt, Rafael J. P., and Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca

Subjects
LANDSAT satellites, SPATIAL resolution, DETECTORS, DATA quality
Abstract

Satellite-derived Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs) are increasingly used in ecology and conservation to characterize ecosystem heterogeneity. The diversity of EFTs, also known as Ecosystem Functional Diversity (EFD), has been suggested both as a potential metric of ecosystem-level biodiversity and as a predictor for ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services, and resilience. However, the impact of key methodological choices on patterns of EFTs and EFD have not been formally assessed. Using Costa Rica as a study system, we compared EFTs and EFD, derived from MODIS and Landsat data using different methodological assumptions, at both national and local extents. Our results showed that the regional spatial patterns of EFTs and EFD derived from 250 m MODIS and 30 m Landsat are notably different. The selection of sensors for deriving EFTs and EFD is dependent on the study area, data quality, and the research objective. Given its finer spatial resolution, Landsat has greater capacity to differentiate more EFTs than MODIS, though MODIS could be a better choice in frequently cloudy areas due to its shorter revisiting time. We also found that the selection of spatial extent used to derive EFD is critical, as smaller extents (e.g., at a local rather than a national scale) can show much higher diversity. However, diversity levels derived at smaller extents appear to be nested within the diversity levels derived at larger extents. As EFTs and EFD continue to develop as a tool for ecosystem ecology, we highlight the important methodological choices to ensure that these metrics best fit research objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Plant-Soil Interactions in Temperate Grasslands

Author

Burke, Ingrid C., Lauenroth, William K., Vinton, Mary Ann, Hook, Paul B., Kelly, Robin H., Epstein, Howard E., Aguiar, Martin R., Robles, Marcos D., Aguilera, Manuel O., Murphy, Kenneth L., and Gill, Richard A.

Published
1998

32. Decadal Variability in Spring Sea Ice Concentration Linked to Summer Temperature and NDVI on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta

Author

Hendricks, Amy S., primary, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Frost, Gerald V., additional, Walker, Donald A., additional, Bieniek, Peter A., additional, Raynolds, Martha K., additional, Lader, Rick T., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Pinzon, Jorge E., additional, Tucker, Compton J., additional, and Comiso, Josefino C., additional

Published
2023
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35. Cumulative Effects of Rapid Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia

Author

Walker, Donald A., Forbes, Bruce C., Leibman, Marina O., Epstein, Howard E., Bhatt, Uma S., Comiso, Josefino C., Drozdov, Dmitri S., Gubarkov, Anatoly A., Jia, Gensuo J., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kaplan, Jed O., Khomutov, Artem V., Kofinas, Gary P., Kumpula, Timo, Kuss, Patrick, Moskalenko, Natalia G., Meschtyb, Nina A., Pajunen, Anu, Raynolds, Martha K., Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Stammler, Florian, Yu, Qin, Gutman, Garik, editor, and Reissell, Anni, editor

Published
2011
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37. The Arctic

Author

Thoman, Richard L., primary, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Andreassen, L. M., additional, Baker, E., additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Berner, Logan T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bjerke, Jarle W., additional, Boisvert, L.N., additional, Box, Jason E., additional, Brettschneider, B., additional, Burgess, D., additional, Butler, Amy H., additional, Cappelen, John, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Decharme, B., additional, Derksen, C., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Drozdov, D. S., additional, Elias, Chereque A., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Farrell, Sinead L., additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Frost, Gerald V., additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Haas, Christian, additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen, -Bauer Inger, additional, Heijmans, M. M. P. D., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Isaksen, K., additional, Jensen, C. D., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Kaleschke, L., additional, Kholodov, A. L., additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kohler, J., additional, Korsgaard, Niels J., additional, Labe, Zachary, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lee, Simon H., additional, Loomis, Bryant, additional, Luks, B., additional, Luojus, K., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, Magnússon, R. Í, additional, Malkova, G. V., additional, Mankoff, Kenneth D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mote, Thomas, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nyland, K. E., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Pálsson, F., additional, Park, T., additional, Parker, C. L., additional, Perovich, Don, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pinzon, J. E., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Serbin, S. P., additional, Sheffield, G., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Stafford, K. M., additional, Steer, A., additional, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thomson, L., additional, Thorsteinsson, T., additional, Tian-Kunze, X., additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tschudi, Mark, additional, Tucker, C. J., additional, Walker, Donald A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, A., additional, Winton, Øyvind, additional, Wolken, G., additional, Wood, K., additional, Wouters, B., additional, and Yang, D., additional

Published
2022
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41. Changing Seasonality of Panarctic Tundra Vegetation in Relationship to Climatic Variables

Author

Bhatt, Uma S, Walker, Donald A, Raynolds, Martha K, Bieniek, Peter A, Epstein, Howard E, Comiso, Josefino C, Pinzon, Jorge E, Tucker, Compton J, Steele, Michael, Ermold, Wendy, and Zhang, Jinlun

Subjects
Geosciences (General)
Abstract

Potential climate drivers of Arctic tundra vegetation productivity are investigated to understand recent greening and browning trends documented by maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (MaxNDVI) and time-integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) for 19822015. Over this period, summer sea ice has continued to decline while oceanic heat content has increased. The increases in summer warmth index (SWI) and NDVI have not been uniform over the satellite record. SWI increased from 1982 to the mid-1990s and remained relatively flat from 1998 onwards until a recent upturn. While MaxNDVI displays positive trends from 19822015, TI-NDVI increased from 1982 until 2001 and has declined since. The data for the first and second halves of the record were analyzed and compared spatially for changing trends with a focus on the growing season. Negative trends for MaxNDVI and TI-NDVI were more common during 19992015 compared to 19821998.

Published
2017
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42. Remote Sensing of Tundra Ecosystems Using High Spectral Resolution Reflectance: Opportunities and Challenges

Author

Nelson, Peter R., primary, Maguire, Andrew J., additional, Pierrat, Zoe, additional, Orcutt, Erica L., additional, Yang, Dedi, additional, Serbin, Shawn, additional, Frost, Gerald V., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, Magney, Troy S., additional, Thompson, David R., additional, Wang, Jonathan A., additional, Oberbauer, Steven F., additional, Zesati, Sergio Vargas, additional, Davidson, Scott J., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Unger, Steven, additional, Campbell, Petya K. E., additional, Carmon, Nimrod, additional, Velez‐Reyes, Miguel, additional, and Huemmrich, K. Fred, additional

Published
2022
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50. Plant Community Responses to Experimental Warming across the Tundra Biome

Author

Walker, Marilyn D., Wahren, C. Henrik, Hollister, Robert D., Henry, Greg H. R., Ahlquist, Lorraine E., Alatalo, Juha M., Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Calef, Monika P., Callaghan, Terry V., Carroll, Amy B., Epstein, Howard E., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Klein, Julia A., Magnússon, Borgþór, Molau, Ulf, Oberbauer, Steven F., Rewa, Steven P., Robinson, Clare H., Shaver, Gaius R., Suding, Katharine N., Thompson, Catharine C., Tolvanen, Anne, Totland, Ørjan, Turner, P. Lee, Tweedie, Craig E., Webber, Patrick J., and Wookey, Philip A.

Published
2006
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