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OBJECTIVE: The effects of preemptive magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) infusion on perioperative hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia in female patients who underwent mastectomy were evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II female patients aged 18 years and over who underwent mastectomy were randomized into 2 groups, including 34 individuals each. The study group (Group I) was given 50 mg/kg MgSO4 in 250 ml isotonic 30 minutes before the induction, and the control group (Group II) was given 250 ml of normal isotonic solution. Standardized anesthesia was applied. Perioperative oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse (HR), sedation scores (ss) in the recovery unit, Verbal Numeric Rating Scale (VNRS), need for rescuer fentanyl, and analgesic needs in the surgical period were evaluated. RESULTS: Demographic variables were similar. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the MAP, HR, and oxygen saturation values measured at entry, post-intubation, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, and after extubation. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of VNRS scores in the recovery unit and at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th hours during the postoperative surgical period (p=0.0001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.004, 0.021, respectively). The need for rescue analgesics in the first 2 hours of recovery was found to be lower in the study group (p=0.005). The need for postoperative analgesics in the surgical period was not statistically significant (p=0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive use of MgSO4 reduces postoperative VNRS scores without affecting hemodynamic parameters during induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nanotechnology, the size and shape control of nanoparticles is crucial as their properties are highly dependent on their morphology. This obliges researchers to work on obtaining uniform size and shape distribution in synthesized particles so that their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties remain uniform within the same batch. This brings the problem of how to quantify the shape and size of nanoparticles in the most accurate way. The most common way to determine size distribution is using UV-vis spectrometry; however, this method disregards the existence of agglomerated particles and may sometimes give an incorrect measurement. Therefore a technique that can obtain this data directly from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of particles would be more reliable as it would capture data for every single particle in the batch. In a classical statistical sense, our interest is the shape and size distribution of nanoparticles. In this paper, we quantify the size and shape of nanoparticles using the statistical techniques applied on TEM images of particles: Functional Data and Shape Analysis. By using this shape theory we obtain the geodesic distances not only between the particles but also among the frames. We further cluster the nanoparticles in terms of their similarities. We want to emphasize the importance of the deformation and how it is done of one nanoparticle onto another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]