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Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses two major form: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index is used to determine the severity of disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease. On the other hand, the Truelove-Witts activity index is used to determine the severity of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Adalimumab and infliximab are biological agents used in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study is to conduct a retrospective evaluation regarding the response to adalimumab and infliximab treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Material and Methods: The data of the patients who were over the age of 18, diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, and followed up in the Gastroenterology Clinic and Outpatient Clinic of Firat University Hospital between January 2008-April 2019 were assessed. Eighty patients who received adalimumab and infliximab treatment regularly for at least 4 weeks were included in the study. Results: The Crohn's Disease Activity Index of patients who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and received adalimumab and infliximab treatment was compared, and it was found that it was significantly lower after the treatment (p

Purpose: The current study aimed to prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and related factors in adult women admitted to the family medicine outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in a family health centre between October 2020 and March 2021. Randomly selected 268 adult women were included in the study. The demographic, obstetric, gynecological characteristics and medical history of the participants were obtained with a questionnaire. Urinary incontinence symptoms was assessed using Turkish Version of the International Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) Results: The prevalence of UI in study population was 17.5% and according to age grup it was 4.1% at 18-29 years, 10.3% at 30-39 years, 12.0% at 40-49 years, 33.3% at 50-59 years, 46.7% at 60-69 years and 81.8% at ≥70 years old, respectively. Participants with urinary incontinence had higher median age, body mass index (BMI), menopause vintage, and gravida than continent participants. Low education level, drug usage, constipation, menapause (were independently associated with urinary incontinence. Conclusion: UI is still a common health problem among adult women. We recommend physicians to be questioned about UI symptoms, especially in women over 50 years of age. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of the treatment of modifiable risk factors on UI incidence among adult women

OBJECTIVE To determine the difference in serum Elabela level in hypertensive patients with and without nephropathy compared to the healthy control group. Study Desing: Cross-sectional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Firat University Medical School, Elazig, Turkey between December 2018 and November 2020. METHODOLOGY The cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of 37 patients with hypertensive nephropathy (group 3), 50 hypertensive patients without nephropathy (group 2), and 50 healthy controls (group 1). Hypertensive nephropathy was defined as serum creatinine ≥1.8 mg / dl or GFR

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of anemia with the associated factors in pregnant women and the effect of family medicine practice and antenatal care services provided by family physicians on the prevention of anemia during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Community-based cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Family Health Centres in the Elazig region, Turkey from January to June 2019. METHODOLOGY A total of 495 pregnant women, attending the family health centres, were included. Women were administered a questionnaire related with the anemia and related factors; and hemoglobin values were drawn. Hemoglobin concentration

Objective: Obesity has recently been recognized as a chronic low-grade inflammation condition. We aimed to compare the predictive values of insulin resistance and inflammatory indices in individuals with obesity. Materials and Methods: 124 people who had a health check for obesity-related risk factors in our hospital between June 2018 and September 2019 were included in the study. Inflammatory markers of the patients were evaluated. Results: The study group consists of a total of 224 people, and we compared the demographic data and laboratory parameters of the individuals. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of obese individuals were statistically higher than those with normal body mass index (p

Introduction:: Anemia is one of the important public health problems plaguing the world today. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) constitutes the majority of this anemia population. This study aims to explore the relationship of IDA and socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary, physical activity, and different body size phenotypes in the adult Turkish populationMethods: The case-control study was carried out between August and October 2019 at the internal medicine outpatient clinic of the tertiary hospital. A total of 101 anemic and 111 age and gender matched non-anemic healthy controls were included. Iron-deficiency anemia was defined as the presence of both anemia and inflammation-adjusted ferritin concentration less than 15 ng/ml. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and nutritional characteristics of the participants were questioned with a questionnaire form. The physical activity level of the participants was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Results: Non-anemic 111 (90 female, 21 male) and anemic 101 (90 female, 11 male) participants were included in the study. Unemployment (p=0.02), tea consumption (p=0.001), chronic disease (p=0.036), physical activity (p, Giriş: Anemi, günümüzde dünyayı etkileyen önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarından biridir. Demir eksikliği anemisi (DEA) bu anemi popülasyonunun çoğunu oluşturur. Bu çalışma, yetişkin Türk popülasyonunda DEA ile sosyo-demografik, yaşam tarzı, diyet, fiziksel aktivite ve farklı beden boyutları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Bu vaka kontrol çalışması Ağustos ve Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak hastanenin iç hastalıkları polikliniğinde gerçekleştirildi. Toplam 101 anemik ve yaş ve cinsiyetleri benzer 111 anemik olmayan sağlıklı kontroller çalışmaya dahil edildi. Demir eksikliği anemisi hem anemi hem de inflamasyona göre ayarlanmış ferritin konsantrasyonunun 15 ng/ml'den az olması olarak tanımlandı. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik, yaşam tarzı ve beslenme özellikleri bir anket formu ile sorgulanmıştır. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (IPAQ) ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Anemik olmayan 111 (90 kadın, 21 erkek) ve anemik 101 (90 kadın, 11 erkek) katılımcı çalışmaya dahil edildi. İşsizlik (p = 0,02), çay tüketimi (p = 0,001), kronik hastalık (p = 0,036), fiziksel aktivite (p

Objectives: Vaccination to the population is the most effective way to get rid of the COVID-19 pandemic, which currently has no effective treatment. For the high vaccine acceptance rate, it is important to determine the vaccine willingness of individuals and the barriers to vaccination. We aimed to determine the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and the effect of attitudes, perception and beliefs on vaccination willingness among medical students. Methods: In February 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted online among medical student. A total of 734 medical students out of 980 medical students answered the questionnaire forms (response rate: 75.4%). The online questionnaire collected socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, risk perception and beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy, rejection and acceptance were determined by self-report of medical students. Results: Total of 739 medical students included study. Students declared that 60.1% (n = 444) of them to be willing to vaccinated, 14.2% (n = 105) refused and 25.7% (n = 190) were not sure. Covid-19 willingness to be vaccinated was higher in female (p = 0.005), clinical students (p < 0.001), those who ever tested for COVID-19 (p = 0.002), those who had covid-19 infection history in the family (p = 0.043), those who had COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccine education (p = 0.001). Positive attitudes skor and higher knowledge scores were related with highly willingness to be vaccinated. High beliefs score (positive beliefs) was found to be associated with a higher willingness to be vaccinated (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although the majority of the study population willingness to be vaccinated, one-third of medical students are hesitant about vaccination. Education, positive attitude and beliefs are related to higher willingness to vaccination.The COVID-19 pandemic immunization programs should be designed to remove barriers to negative vaccine beliefs and perception.

To determine serum betatrophin and cartonectin levels and their relationship with biochemical parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic retinopathy.Descriptive study.Department of Internal Medicine and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Turkey, from April to November 2020.Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), non-diabetic retinopathy (non-DR), type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy, and healthy controls, were enrolled from April to November 2020. Demographic, metabolic, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Serum betatrophin, cartonectin, IL-6, and TNFα levels were assayed by ELISA methods. One-Way Anova or Kruskal Wallis tests were applied to find out statistical significance among different variables between four groups.A total of 84 participants (DR= 21 patients; non-DR= 21 patients; 21 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 21 healthy controls) were enrolled in the study. TNF-α level was significantly higher in both DR and non-DR than in controls (p0.001). IL-6 level was higher in DR group than T2DM and controls (p=0.013). Serum betatrophin level was significantly higher in DR group than in non-DR and T2DM groups (p=0.002). Cartonectin level was decreased in DR, non-DR, and T2DM groups compared to non-diabetic healthy controls (p=0.002).Serum betatrophin levels are higher in DR, whereas cartonectin levels are lower in both DR and non-DR groups. Serum betatrophins and cartonectin estimation may be helpful in early diagnosis and differential diagnosis in cases of diabetic and non-diabetic retinopathy.Angiopoietin-like protein 8, Cartonectin/CTRP3, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes mellitus, Type 2, Diagnosis, Differential, Betatrophin.

Amaç: Bu çalışma öncelikle bireylerin organ bağışına yönelik tutumları ve ilgili faktörleri araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı, organ yetmezliği olan riskli grup ile sağlıklı katılımcılar arasındaki organ bağışı bilgi ve tutum düzeylerini karşılaştırmaktırGereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma bir üniversite hastanesinde Mart-Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. Çalışmaya 88 sağlıklı (grup 1) ve 56 kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) olan (grup 2) bireyler dahil edildi. Katılımcıların organ bağışına yönelik tutumları Organ Bağışı Tutum Ölçeğinin Türkçe versiyonu ile elde edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 144 katılımcı (56 KBH birey, 88 sağlıklı birey) dahil edildi. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarından tüm katılımcıların puanları sırasıyla humanity and moral conviction / beliefs (HMC): 90.70 ± 20.36, fears of medical neglect (FMN): 27.38 ± 11.52 ve fears of bodily mutilation (FBM): 32.03 ± 10.67 idi. Grup 2’de ki katılımcıların insanlık ve ahlaki inanç / inançlar (HMC) boyut puanları ve tıbbi ihmal korkusu (FMN) skorları grup 1'den yüksekti. Organ bağışı tutumlarını etkileyen faktörler cinsiyet ve eğitim düzeyidir.Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz veriler katılımcıların organ bağışı konusundaki istekliliklerinin ve farkındalıklarının düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Organ bağışı pozitif tutum puanları kadınlarda ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanlarda daha yüksek saptandı. Elde ettiğimiz verilere dayanarak potansiyel organ bağışçılarının sayısını artırmak için organ nakli konusunda empati ve bilgi düzeyini arttıracak eğitim programlarının geliştirilmesini önerilebilir., Purpose: The current study firstly aimed at investigating organ donation and related factors. Another aim of the study is to compare the knowledge and attitude levels of organ donation between the risky population with organ failure and healthy participants.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the tertiary university hospital between March-October 2019. A total of 88 healthy participants (group 1) and 56 participants with chronic kidney disease ((CKD) (group 2)) were included in the study. Organ donation attitudes of participants were measured with Organ Donation Attitudes Scales Turkish Version questionnaire.Result: A total of 144 participants (56 were CKD patients and 88 healthy participants) were included in the study. The scores of all participants from the sub-dimensions of the scale were humanity and moral conviction / beliefs (HMC): 90.70±20.36, fears of medical neglect (FMN): 27.38±11.52 and fears of bodily mutilation (FBM): 32.03±10.67, respectively. Group 2 participants’ humanity and moral conviction/beliefs (HMC) dimension scores were higher than group 1. Group 2 participants’ fears of medical neglect (FMN) score was higher than group 1. Factors affecting organ donation attitudes were gender and education level. Conclusion: Organ donation positive attitude scores were higher in women and those with higher education levels. Our results may suggest developing empathy and education programs on organ transplantation, as a means for increasing the number of potential organ donors.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada gestasyonel diyabet mellitus (GDM) tanısı alan gebelerin serum kartonektin (CTRP-3) sevilerinin sağlıklı kontrol gebe grubu ile karşılaştırılması ve Kartonektin düzeyinin gebelerin biyokimyasal parametreleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte tasarlanan araştırma Haziran 2016 ile Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya 24-32 haftalık 30 GDM ve 30 sağlıklı gebe dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılardan 12 saat açlık sonrası kan şekeri, lipid paneli, insulin, c-peptid ve kartonektin düzeyleri elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Gestasyonel diyabeti olan katılımcıların Glikoz, HbA1C, İnsulin, C-peptid, HOMA-IR, Trigliserit, VLDL, HDL düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak kontrol grubundan yüksek saptandı. Kontrol grubunun kartonektin (CTRP-3) düzeyi 7.68±4.29 (ng/mL), GDM grubunun ortalama kartonektin düzeyi 6.95±4.02 (ng/mL) saptandı ve iki grup arasında istatistiksel anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı Sonuç: GDM’lu hasta grubunda glikoz, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, C-peptid, trigliserit ve VLDL düzeylerinin yükseldiği saptanmıştır. Gestasyonel diyabetli hastalarda kartonektin ile glikoz ve insülin düzeyleri arasında negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır.

To investigate whether m6A content changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obese individuals and whether the relationship of m6A content with the mRNA expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes.Cross-sectional study.Department of Internal Medicine, Firat University, Medical School, Elazig, Turkey, between January 2019 and January 2022.The study included 34 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 34 obese individuals, and 33 healthy individuals without any chronic and metabolic disease matched for age and gender. The global m6A RNA methylation, FTO, and ALKBH5 gene analyses of all the participants were performed. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, HbA1c, and insulin and glucose levels were measured.The median percentages of m6A RNA methylation in the control group, obese, and T2DM participants were 5.62%, 4.20%, and 5.21% respectively (p=0.004). The m6A RNA methylation percentage of the obese participants was significantly lower than controls (p=0.021). The FTO and ALKBH5 mRNA levels were significantly lower in obese and T2DM participants than in controls. There was a negative significant correlation between m6A RNA level and FTO i.e. (r=-0.291, p=0.003) and ALKBH5 (r=-0.321. p=0.001) levels.m6A RNA expression levels of obese individuals were lower than healthy controls. The FTO and ALKBH5 mRNA expressions were lower in both obese and T2DM participants compared to the healthy controls. There was no significant difference between obese and T2DM individuals in terms of m6A RNA expression, FTO and ALKBH5 mRNA expression. m6A RNA expression, FTO, and ALKBH5 levels have a potential role in obesity and diabetes mellitus.m6A RNA methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, FTO, ALKBH5.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada karbon tetraklorür (CCl4) ile oluşturulan deneysel karaciğer hasarında benfotiaminin karaciğer dokusu üzerine koruyucu etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, 30 adet Wistar albino cinsi erkek sıçanlar kullanıldı. Deney hayvanları 5 eşit gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna 14 günlük deney süresince herhangi bir uygulama yapılmadı. CCl4 grubuna ise 1. ve 8. günlerde 1ml/kg CCl4: zeytinyağı (1:2) intraperitoneal (i.p) verildi. CCl4 +benfotiamin grubuna 1. ve 8. günlerde iki defa 1 ml/kg CCl4: zeytinyağı (1:2) karışımı ve 70 mg/kg/gün oral benfotiamin verildi. Benfotiamin grubuna 70 mg/kg/gün oral benfotiamin verildi. Zeytinyağı grubuna 1. ve 8. günlerde 2 ml/kg zeytinyağı i.p. olarak verildi. Deney sonunda sıçanlar anestezi altında dekapite edildi. Karaciğer dokuları çıkarılıp incelemeler için parafin bloklar hazırlandı. Ayrıca malondialdehid (MDA) çalışması için dokular – 80 0 C de saklandı.Bulgular: Kontrol, benfotiamin ve zeytinyağı grupları arasında bakılan parametrelerde anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında CCl4 grubunda, MDA, apoptozis ve bax immünreaktivitesinde anlamlı artış izlendi. CCl4 grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında CCl4 + benfotiamin grubunda ise MDA, apoptozis ve bax immünreaktivitesinde anlamlı azalma görüldü. Sonuç: CCl4’ün MDA, apoptozis ve bax immünreaktivitesini arttırdığı, tedavi olarak verilen benfotiaminin bu parametreleri azalttığı görüldü., Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of benfotiamine on experimental liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 male Wistar albino rats were used. Rats were equally divided into 5 groups. No application was made to control group. The CCl4 group was injected i.p with1ml/kg CCl4:olive oil (1:2) mixture on the 1st and 8th days, and the CCl4+benfotiamine group was treated i.p with 1 ml/kg CCl4: olive oil (1:2) mixture twice on the 1st and 8th days and orally with 70 mg/kg/day benfotiamine. To the benfotiamine group, 70 mg/kg/day benfotiamine was given orally for 14 days. To the olive oil group, 2 ml/kg olive oil was given i.p. on 1st and 8th days. Finally, rats were decapitated. Liver tissues were removed and paraffin blocks were prepared. Tissues were stored at –80 oC for malonaldeyhde (MDA) assay.Results: There were no significant differences between the control, benfotiamine and olive oil groups. Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in MDA, apoptosis and bax immunoreactivity in CCl4 group. Compared with the CCl4 group, there was a significant decrease in MDA, apoptosis and bax immunoreactivity in the CCl4+benfotiamine group.Conclusion: CCl4 increases MDA, apoptosis and bax immunoreactivity, and benfotiamine, given as treatment, reduces these parameters.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of totally implanted venous access ports on the quality of life and patient satisfaction of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The study was comprised of patients who underwent implantation of a central venous port catheter (CVPC) for chemotherapy treatment at our hospital’s oncology department and continued with follow-up and treatment. The researchers conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants in which the latter responded to 15 questions concerning the effects of the port catheter on daily quality of life and satisfaction with the implantation procedure. Results: A total of 260 patients participated in the study. Port-related complications were observed in 54 patients (20.7%), the most common being catheter occlusion. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction and stated that the CVPC had a positive effect on their quality of life. Overall satisfaction and quality of life were significantly different for patients who experienced complications compared to those without, however, with the former reporting decreased satisfaction and increased stress and anxiety levels. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the patients who developed complications and those who did not concern their response to the statement: “Faced with a similar situation requiring a port catheter, I would make the same decision" (54.5% versus 52%, p = .188). Conclusion: Most patients reported overall satisfaction with the CVPC system while noting a minor negative impact on daily life. Complications related to the implantation procedure have statistically been shown to be a predictor of satisfaction and quality of life.

Giriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin COVID-19 hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını ve salgının öğrencilerin kaygı düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Kesitsel araştırma 07-14 Nisan tarihleri arasında, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerine uygulanan online anket formları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fakültedeki her iki öğrenciden birine sistematik örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak bir anket formu whats-up üzerinden gönderilmiştir. Toplam 530 gönüllü çalışmaya dahil edildi. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, COVID-19 salgını hakkında ki bilgi ve tutumları anket formları ile elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların kaygı düzeyleri Durumluk-Sürekli kaygı envanteri ile ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 530 tıp öğrencisinin bilgi soruları doğru cevap ortalaması 7.83 ± 1.27, tutum anket puan ortalaması ise 45.18 ± 5.12 idi. Katılımcılar COVID-19'a karşı yeterli bilgi ve olumlu tutuma sahipti. Klinik dönem öğrencilerinin bilgi puanı (p, Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of medical students about the COVID-19 and the effect of the outbreak on the students' anxiety levels.Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out between 07-14 April, with the online questionnaire forms applied to the medical students. A questionnaire forms were sent to one of every two students in the faculty using the systematic sampling method. A total of 530 volunteers were included in the study. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire of the socio-demographic characteristics, opinions about the epidemic, knowledge, and attitude of medical students regarding COVID-19. Anxiety levels of the participants were measured with the State-Trait anxiety inventory.Results: A total of 530 medical students had a mean score of knowledge and attitude of 7.83±1.27 and 45.18±5.12, respectively. Participants demonstrated good knowledge and a positive attitude towards COVID-19. Clinical period students had a higher level of knowledge (p

Purpose: Trimethylamine N-oxide serum levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. The current study aimed to find out if plasma trimethylamine N-oxide level may be a novel marker in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and if it can be used in the differential diagnosis of diabetic and nondiabetic retinopathy. Methods: The study included 30 patients with diabetic retinopathy, 30 patients with nondiabetic retinopathy, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy, and 30 healthy control participants. Biochemical parameters, serum IL-6, TNF-α, and trimethylamine N-oxide levels were measured in all participants. Results: Trimethylamine N-oxide level was significantly higher in diabetic retinopathy than in the other groups (p

To determine the relationship between secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) and circadian blood pressure (BP) rthym among patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment.A descriptive and prospective cohort study. Department of Nephrology, Firat University Hospital, Turkey, between June and December 2019.Eighty-five patients, undergoing hemodialysis three times a week, were included. The BP parameters and circadian blood pressure rhythm were measured by the mobil-o-graph sphygmomanometer. Non-dipper blood pressure phenomenon was defined as a night-time mean artery pressure (MAP) decrease of10% from the daytime MAP; sHPT was defined as parathormone300 pg/ml.Of the 85 participants, mean age was 57.07 ± 14.46 years. In cohort, sHPT rate 58.8% (n =50) and non-dipper blood pressure pattern rate was 64.7% (n = 55). Systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001), and mean arterial blood pressure (p0.001) were higher in participants with sHPT. sHPT (p = 0.003) was an independent risk factor for non-dipper blood pressure pattern (odds ratio [OR] 0.065, 95% CI: 0.11-0.390). A negative correlation was identified between parathormone and the reduction in night blood pressure (r = -0.346, p=0.001).Secondary hyperparathyroidism can cause non-dipper blood pressure pattern by reducing the reduction in night blood pressure. Treatment of sHPT is important in the control of blood pressure and normal circadian blood pressure rhythm in tertiary protection in hemodialysis patients. Key Words: Blood pressure, Circadian rhythm, Hyperparathyroidism secondary, Hemodialysis, Chronic kidney diseases.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of depression in T2DM patients in comparison to a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 100 patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM who were recruited consecutively from the general internal medicine polyclinic (46 males, 54 females, mean age 55.4±11.9 years) and 100 healthy control subjects who had no known diseases and had presented for routine check-up examinations (60 males, 40 females, mean age 37.6±3.7 years). The participants completed a questionnaire composed of a sociodemographic characteristics section and the Beck Depression Inventory, which probes the depression states of individuals based on self-report. Laboratory results of the participants were recorded. Results: Mean Beck Depression Inventory scores of the patient and control groups, which represent self-reported depression states, were determined as 17±8.5 and 8.5±7.3, respectively. Of the 100 diabetic patients, 8 were determined to have severe depression, 38 moderate depression, 34 mild depression, and 20 minimal depression; whereas, of the 100 healthy controls, 20 were determined to have moderate depression, 18 mild depression, and 62 minimal depression, with no cases of severe depression in this group. Conclusion: Our study reveals the importance of complementing the conventional patient follow-up procedure with psychiatric support in the management of type 2 DM patients.

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic and progressive disease that significantly impairs the workforce and economy due to its complications. This study aims to evaluate patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who use different oral antidiabetic medications with regard to glycemic control and diabetic complications. Materials and Methods: This study included 200 patients who were being followed-up for a diagnosis of Type 2 DM. Results: Of the 200 patients included in the study, 131 were on metformin monotherapy and 69 were on metformin and gliclazide combination therapy. HbA1c value of Metformin monotherapy prescribed patients was7,6%±1,5, metformin+gliclazide prescribed patients was 8,2%±1,9. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of blood glucose levels (p

To determine the association of betatrophin and inflammation factors in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome.A cross-sectional, analytical study.Fırat University Medical School between April 2017 and December 2020.The study included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 20 patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 20 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 20 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and a control group consisting of 20 healthy individuals. Anthropometric, fasting serum biochemical data were collected. Circulating betatrophin, and inflammation markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association of betatrophin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels between groups were performed with One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD test.Significantly higher levels of circulating betatrophin were observed in IFG, IGT, And MetS groups compared to healthy controls (p=0.017). There were significantly difference TNF-α levels in IFG, IGT, and MetS groups compared to healthy controls (p0.001). The levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in MetS group than healthy controls (p=0.007).The circulating betatrophin and TNF-α levels were increased in MetS, IFG and IGT. IL-6 was decreased in MetS compared to the healty controls. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of betatrophin and inflammatory parameters in the development of T2DM and prediabetic syndromes, whether betatrophin could have clinical applications in the development of new antidiabetic agents. Key Words: Betatrophin, IL-6, TNF-alpha, Metabolic syndrome, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus type 2.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of arterial stiffness in patients on hemodialysis and related factors that aggravate the condition. STUDY DESIGN Prospective-cohort study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Nephrology, Firat University Hospital, Turkey, from August to October 2019. METHODOLOGY Central blood pressure (BP), augmentation index (AIx) and aortic pulse wave velocity score (PWVs) were assessed using the mobil-o-graph pulse wave velocity system. Increased arterial stiffness (AS) wgnas defined by the aortic PWV of >10 m/s. RESULTS The mean PVWs were 8.14 ± 2.39 m/s the mean AIx was 21.23 ± 11.58 m/s, and AS was 33.7% in hemodialysis patients. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, pulse pressure, central systolic blood pressure, older age, HD vintage, HT vintage, creatinine, CRP and neutrophil leukocyte ratio (NLR), were related factors with AS. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (β=0.322; 95% CI: 0.007-0.042; p = 0.006), and age of patients (β=0.787; 95% CI: 0.095-0.127; p

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and behaviors of Eastern part of Turkey residents about the COVID-19 and the relationship between the pandemic and the anxiety levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out between 07-21 April 2020 through online questionnaires. The study included 897 people who filled out the form and met the study criteria. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire of the socio-demographic characteristics, generalized anxiety disorder scale, opinions about the epidemic, knowledge and behaviours of individuals regarding COVID-19. Results: A total of 897 participants had a mean score of knowledge and behaviors of 5.11±1.63 and 46.81±5.65, respectively. Knowledge and behaviors score were higher in males (p

Backround: Elabela (ELA) is a hormone that is secreted at high levels in the kidneys of a healthy adult. This study aims to investigate whether serum ELA levels of patients with Type 2 Diabetes vary with the severity of renal damage. Methods: Our study included 50 healthy control subjects and 100 diabetic patients, who were categorized into groups based on urine albumin/creatinine ratios (ACR). Patients included in the study were assigned to four groups: Group 1 (healthy control), Group 2 (ACR300 mg/g normal or high serum creatinine). Physical examination findings, demographic characteristics of the study group were recorded, and serum ELA levels and other laboratory parameters were assessed using appropriate methods. Results: The results of the study indicated that ELA levels determined in healthy individuals gradually decreased through stages of normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Moreover, ELA had a significant negative corre- lation with LDL-C (r=-0.201, p=0.014), glucose (r=-0.437, P

Cutaneous side effects associated with sunitinib use are a major problem in patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against possible skin damage resulting from sunitinib use in rats. Thirty Albino Winstar rats were divided into the following three groups: healthy controls (HCs, n = 10), sunitinib (SUN, n = 10), and sunitinib + ATP (SAT, n = 10). ATP was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg. One hour subsequent to the administration of ATP and 0.9% NaCl, the SAT and SUN groups were orally administered a dose of 25 mg/kg sunitinib to the stomach. Macroscopic evaluation of the skin indicated lower levels of skin damage in the SAT group than in the SUN group. As an indicator of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher in the SUN group than in the HC group, while total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly lower. However, MDA, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly lower in the SAT group than in the SUN group, while tGSH and TAS levels were significantly higher. Histopathological examination revealed keratin plugs with edema, vasopathology, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the SUN group. The SAT group showed less necrotic epithelium, keratin plugs, edema, and vasopathology than the SUN group. ATP can be effective in preventing skin damage caused by sunitinib use by reducing oxidative stress.

Introduction: Meteorin-like (Metrnl), also known as subfatin, is a recently discovered adipokine with a favourable effect on insulin sensitivity. Studies have shown lower Metrnl levels in obese patients. However, data on its circulating levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are contradictory. This study aims to evaluate serum Metrnl levels in T2DM patients and determine the relationship between serum Metrnl levels and insulin resistance in these patients. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 participants. The study was carried out between June 2019 and December 2019 at the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a tertiary university hospital. The participants were divided into three groups: group 1 (control group, n = 50), group 2 (newly diagnosed T2DM, n = 50), and group 3 (long-standing diagnosed T2DM, n = 50). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of Subfatin (Metrnl), and the correlations of Metrnl level with anthropometric parameters, HOMA index, and biochemical measurements were assessed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the gender (p = 0.468) and age (p = 0.067) characteristics of the three groups. The Metrnl (subfatin) levels of the participants were as follows: control group – 20.05 (1.56–103.78); newly diagnosed T2DM group – 2.62 (1.25–103.78); and long-standing diagnosed T2DM group – 2.01 (0.80–19.84) pg/mL. The Metrnl (subfatin) levels of the participants in the control group were higher than in the participants in the newly diagnosed T2DM and long-standing diagnosed T2DM groups (p < 0.001). Subfatin demonstrated a negative correlation with insulin and HOMA-IR in the control group and long-standing diagnosed T2DM group. Conclusions: The subfatin level was found to be higher in the healthy control group than in both diabetic patient groups. Subfatin level showed negative correlation with both insulin level and HOMA index. There was a relationship between subfatin and insulin resistance. Low levels of subfatin in the diabetic patient groups may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM by increasing insulin resistance.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a primary disease of the carbohydrate metabolism that is characterised by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, or insulin resistance. Although life expectancy is low for diabetic patients, the prognosis has been improved in recent decades. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic that reduces insulin resistance and plasma glucose levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver. It can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other antidiabetic medications or insulin. Urotensin 2 (U-II), which is one of the most effective known vasoconstrictor peptides, was observed to act as a vasoconstrictor in diseases such as hypertension and heart failure, and to induce vasodilation in healthy volunteers. Some studies have proposed that the activation of the U-II system could lead to metabolic syndrome. Certain studies have determined a link between DM and U-II. However, there exist no studies on the effects of U-II in recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients after metformin treatment. This study aims to investigate the plasma and saliva levels of U-II at diagnosis and after a three-month metformin treatment in recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients, and to compare these levels to those of healthy volunteers. Material and methods: Our study compared 30 recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients to their states after three-month metformin treatment and 30 healthy volunteers. Results: When compared with the control group, there was no significant increase in the plasma and saliva U-II levels of recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients. We determined a statistically significant increase in the plasma and saliva ureotensin-2 levels of recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients after a three-month metformin treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that the patients with type 2 DM have a multifactorial aetiopathogenesis and an increase in U-II levels after metformin treatment. Metformin has no known effect on the U-II metabolism; therefore, the findings need confirmation through more clinical and experimental studies with more participants.

Objective Studies indicate that patients tend to develop chronic tension headache as a response to stress. The present study investigated the relationship between headache and the events that caused childhood traumas and defense styles, which could be considered as a significant source of stress in individuals with tension headache. Methods Fifty patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years diagnosed with tension headache were included in the present study. The control group included 50 healthy participants. All study participants completed a sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Defense Style Questionnaire. Results Traumatic experiences (emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and sexual abuse) were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. The total score of immature and neurotic defense styles was higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < .001, P < .001). The mature defense styles total score was significantly higher in the control group than in the patient group (P = .006). A positive correlation was found between the childhood trauma scores and immature and neurotic defense style scores. Conclusion The findings indicate that traumatic experiences during childhood were more frequent in patients with tension headache compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, these individuals had difficulty coping with stress, and inappropriate defense styles were employed as a response to stress.

Objective: Sheehan’s syndrome is pituitary deficiency induced by intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage and hypovolemia. It is still frequent in underdeveloped and developing countries. Sheehan’s syndrome is one of the reason of empty sella. The symptoms of the syndrome can be seen months to years later depend on the degree of pituitary damage. History of postpartum hemorrhage, failure to lactate and cessation of menses are important clues to the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce morbidity and mortality of the patients. Case: In this study sheehan’s syndrome which led to auto pan-hypopituitarism and developed gradually in a patient with sheehan‘s syndrome which in this case, delivered a baby at home 27 years ago and had severe postpartum hemorrhage will be presented. And this 63-year-old female patient was diagnosed as Sjogren’s syndrome and sheehan syndrome by clinical and laboratory findings for the purpose of further investigation and treatment because of symptoms of fever and anemia

Giriş: Toplumların giderek yaşlanması sonucuosteoporoz önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda inflamasyonunosteoporozun patogenezinde kritik bir rol oynadığı gösterilmiştir. NLR (neutrophilto lyphocyte ratio )ve PLR (platelet to lyphocyte ratio) maligniteler ve inflamatuar hastalıklarda basit, invazifolmayan ve uygun maliyetli bir inflamasyon belirtecidir. Bu çalışmanınamacı bilinen başka ek hastalığı ve ilaç kullanım öyküsü olmayan osteopenik,osteoporotik ve kontrol deneklerinde NLR ve PLR düzeylerini karşılaştırmak veNLR, PLR düzeyleri ile KMY arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Bu kesitselçalışmaya 65 yaş ve üzeri toplam 308 hasta dahil edildi. Tüm vücut BMD (bonemineral densıty) çift enerjili X ışını absorpsiyometrisi (DEXA) ileölçülmüştür. Tam kan sayımı (CBC), inflamasyonun biyobelirteçleri C-reaktifprotein (CRP), eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı (ESR), glukoz / lipidmetabolizması, tiroid fonksiyon testleri kayıt altına alınmıştır.Bulgular: Osteoporozgrubunda, NLR düzeylerinin osteopenik ve kontrol grubuna göre yüksek olduğubulundu (sırasıyla 3,58 ± 4,22, 2,64 ±1,99 ve 2,36 ± 1,39) ve gruplar arasındaki bu ilişki istatistiksel olarakanlamlı saptandı ( p = 0,025). Elde ettiğimiz verilerde sedimantasyon değerleriosteoporoz grubunda osteopenik ve sağlıklı kontrol grubuna göre yüksek saptanmışolup istatistiksel olarakta anlamlıydı (p=0,011).Sonuç: Yaşlı osteoporozu olan bireylerde NLR seviyelerinin yükselmesi ve bu yüksekliğinsedimantasyonda da olması kemik remodellinginde iltihaplanmanın önemli bir roloynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir., Introduction: As populations gradually become older, osteoporosis manifests itself asan important public health problem. Studies have shown that inflammation playsa critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. NLR (neutrophil tolymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio) are simple,non-invasive, and inexpensive markers of inflammation in malignancies andinflammatory diseases. This study aims to compare osteopenic, osteoporotic, andcontrol subjects, who do not have other known diseases or a history ofmedication use, in terms of their NLR and PLR levels and evaluate therelationship between NLR, PLR levels and BMD.Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 308 patients aged 65 orabove. Total bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual energy X-rayabsorptiometry (DEXA). Complete blood count (CBC), biomarkers of inflammation(C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), glucose/lipidmetabolism, and thyroid function test results were recorded.Results: The osteoporosis group demonstrated higher NLR levels compared to theosteopenic and control groups (respectively 3.58 ± 4.22,2.64 ± 1.99, and 2.36 ± 1.39), and thisrelationship between the groups was found to be statistically significant(p=0.025). Our data revealed higher sedimentation values for the osteoporosisgroup than for the osteopenic and healthy control groups with statisticalsignificance (p=0.011).Conclusions: The fact that individuals with geriatric osteoporosis demonstrateelevated NLR levels and that this elevation is also seen in sedimentationsuggests that inflammation plays an important role in bone remodelling.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D on betatrophin and apoptosis in rats kidney tissue using an experimental diabetes model created with streptozotocin (STZ). 41 male Wistar-albino breed rats were assigned to 5 groups, which included 3 groups consisting of 7 animals each and 2 groups consisting of 10 animals each. The control group received no treatments. Single-dose 0.1 M sodium buffer was administered ip to the Buffer group. The Vitamin D group was orally administered 200 IU/day vitamin D. The Diabetes group was injected ip with single-dose 50 mg/kg STZ by dissolving the material in 0.1 M sodium buffer. Subjects with a glucose level exceeding 250 mg/dl were accepted to be diabetic. The Diabetes + Vitamin D group was injected ip with 50 mg/kg single-dose STZ by dissolving the material in 0.1 M sodium buffer. Once diabetes was established, 200 IU/day vitamin D was administered orally. Rats in all groups were decapitated in the end of the experiment, their kidney tissues were promptly extracted and TUNEL stained with immunohistochemistry. Additionally, serum samples acquired from all groups were evaluated with regard to total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels. The histological and biochemical analyses of the Control, Buffer, and Vitamin D groups revealed similar serum TOS and TAS levels, and TUNEL positivity and betatrophin immunoreactivity. While the Diabetes group showed significantly higher TOS levels and TUNEL positivity compared to the Control group, their TAS levels and betatrophin immunoreactivity were significantly reduced. The Diabetes+Vitamin group demonstrated significantly lower TOS levels and TUNEL positivity compared to the Diabetic group, and their TAS levels and betatrophin immunoreactivity increased significantly. In conclusion; experimental diabetes was found to increase TOS and apoptotic cells and decrease TAS and betatrophin levels in kidney tissue in experimental diabetes, and that administering VitD as treatment caused a decrease in TOS and apoptotic cells and an increase in TAS and betatrophin levels. It was concluded that future studies needed to investigate various experimental diabetes times so that the role of diabetes in the pathophysiology of its effect on kidney tissue could be uncovered. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Objective: To examine potential associations between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume (MPV), HbA1c and microvascular complications in diabetic patients from a cost-effectiveness perspective. Methods: One hundred patients with type 2 diabetes attending our outpatient unit between May 2018 and October 2018 were included, and 100 healthy individuals served as the control group. A retrospective file search was performed to collect information on hemoglobin, mean platelet volume (MPV), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), hematocrit (Hct), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets (Plt), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and microvascular complications (neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy). Results: Demographic and laboratory data were retrospectively controlled between diabetes (n=100) and healthy control (n=100) groups. The mean age in diabetic patients and healthy controls was 56.34 and 36.68 years, respectively. The mean NLR in diabetics and healthy controls was 2.48 and 2.11, the difference in NLR being significant (p=0.002). MPV in diabetics and controls was 8.54 and 8.53, respectively, and the difference was not significant (p=0.93). PLR was also similar, i.e. 149.7 and 145.3 in diabetics and healthy controls (p=0.067). With respect to microvascular complications, retinopathy was found to be significantly associated with MPV and NLR (p=0.015, and p=0.051), and nephropathy showed a significant association with NLR (p=0.027) among diabetics. In contrast with the two other microvascular complications, no significant association between neuropathy and NLR could be detected, while PLR and neuropathy was significantly associated (p=0.003). Conclusion: Microvascular complications may be associated with certain hematologic parameters, as suggested by comparisons both between diabetics and healthy individuals and within the group of diabetic individuals. We believe that hematologic parameters such as hematocrit, MPV, NLR, and PLR, which can be obtained through a simple complete blood count, may be utilized as cost-effective predictors of diabetic microvascular complications. Further prospective studies with larger sample size are required to better delineate these associations. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1150 How to cite this:Onalan E, Gozel N, Donder E. Can hematological parameters in type 2 diabetes predict microvascular complication development? Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1511-1515. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1150 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Giriş: Antihipertansif tedaviye uyum kan basıncı kontrolüiçin önemlidir. Antihipertansif ilaç tedavisine zayıf uyum hipertansifkomplikasyonların gelişmesine ve kardiyovasküler olay riskinin artmasına sebepolur. Çalışmamızın amacı hipertansif hastalarda antihipertansif ilaç tedavisineuyumu ve etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Aile Sağlığı Merkezinde 242 hastadan oluşan basit rastgeleörneklem üzerinden kesitsel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Antihipertansif tedaviyeuyumun değerlendirilmesinde Türkçe Modifiye Morisky Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.Tedaviye uyumu etkileyen faktörler sosyodemografik anket formu ile eldeedilmiştir. Tüm katılımcıların kan basınçları her iki koldan ölçülüportalamaları kayıt edilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 242katılımcının yaş ortalaması 60,95±12,54 yıldı. Katılımcıların ortalama sistolikkan basıncı 139,08±20,78 mmHg, diyastolik kan basıncı ise 83,63±11,88 mmHg idi.Katılımcıların %75,6’sının antihipertansif tedavi bilgi düzeyi yeterli idi ve antihipertansif tedaviye uyum oranı %76,9(tedaviye uyumsuzluk oranı %23,1) saptandı.Sonuç: Katılımcıların antihipertansif tedaviye uyumu günlük alınan ilaçsayısı, tedavi hakkında ki bilgi düzeyi ve eğitim düzeyleri ile ilişkilibulundu. Etkin kan basıncı kontrolünde tedaviye yüksek uyum önemliydi. Sağlıkçalışanlarının hipertansif hastalarının antihipertansif tedaviye uyum durumunusorgulamaları daha etkin kan basıncı kontrolü sağlayabilir., Introduction: Adherence to antihypertensive therapy isimportant for blood pressure control. Poor adherence to antihypertensive drugtherapy leads to the development of hypertensive complications and increaserisk of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to assess adherence toantihypertensive drug therapy and associated factors among hypertensivepatients.Methods: A cross-sectional study wasconducted on a simple random sample of 242 patients at the Family HealthCenter. Adherence to antihypertensive treatment was assessed using the TurkishModified Morisky Scale (TMMS). The factors affecting the adherence to treatmentwere obtained with a sociodemographic questionnaire. Blood pressures of allparticipants were measured from both arms and the mean values were recorded.Results: The mean age of the 242 participants was60.95 ± 12.54 years. Mean systolic blood pressures of the participants were139.08±20.78 mmHg and mean diastolic blood pressures were 83.63±11.88 mmHg.Adherence to antihypertensive medication was found 76.9% (non-adherence totreatment was 23.1%) and 75.6% of the participants had sufficient knowledge antihypertensivetreatment.Conclusions: We found numbers of drugs taken daily,level of knowledge about treatment and level of education to be the strongestfactors affecting adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among our patients.We also found that high adherence to treatment is important for effective bloodpressure control. Health workers' questioning the adherence to antihypertensivedrug therapy may provide more effective blood pressure control in hypertensivepatients.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy. Methods: This study included 262 Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients, of which 60 had diabetic nephropathy and 202 did not have diabetic nephropathy who presented to the internal diseases polyclinic at Firat University Medical Faculty Hospital between May 2018 and October 2018 and 50 healthy control subjects. A retrospective scan of patient files was conducted and information relevant to nephropathy such as hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), hematocrit count (HCT), monocyte count, LDL, HDL, triglyceride levels, and microvascular complications were acquired. Results: We determined MHR values as 11.9±5.5 and 8.4±2.9 respectively for the diabetic and healthy groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of MHR, with a positive correlation between diabetes and MHR (< 0.001; r: 0.241). Moreover, glucose, HDL, and triglyceride levels were different between the two groups with statistical significance (respectively, p< 0.001; p< 0.001; p< 0.001). Our study found higher MHR levels for patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those without diabetic nephropathy (respectively, 17.1±7.9 and 10.3±3.3) and determined statistical significance and a negative correlation (p< 0.001; r: -0.512). Conclusion: Our results suggest that an elevated MHR can be a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy, allowing the detection of diabetic nephropathy with simple and inexpensive laboratory tests. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.534 How to cite this:Onalan E. The relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetic nephropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1081-1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.534 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Aim: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is among the most common causes of hypothyroidism along with HT (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) goitre, which is also named as autoimmune thyroiditis. Our study aims to determine the usefulness of PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio) and NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), which can be obtained with a hemogram, at the clinical course or the severity of the disease in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Materials and Methods: Our study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 121 hypothyroid or subclinical hypothyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and a healthy control group comprised of 100 individuals. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), complete blood count (CBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) results were obtained from patient files for both HT patients and the control group, and we computed PLR and NLR for both groups. Results: PLR was lower in patients diagnosed with HT compared to the healthy control group, with statistical significance (respectively, 130.8±50.5 versus 145.3±58.5; p

To determine the applicability of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Elazig Firat University, Elazig, Turkey, and comprised data of Hashimato's thyroiditis patients aged 18 years or more admitted between January 1, 2017, and November 1, 2018. A healthy control group was also included to work as controls. Thyroidstimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase, complete blood count, and C-reactive protein results were obtained from patient files for both the cases and the controls, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was computed NLR for both the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.Of the 477 subjects, 377(79%) were cases with a mean age of 45.3±13.8 years, and 100(21%) were controls with a mean age of 36.6±10.7 (p0.001). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was statistically higher in the cases compared to the controls (p0,05). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio had a negative correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and anti thyroid peroxidise but it was nonsignificant (p0.05).Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be an effective low-cost marker in the diagnosis and follow-up of Hashimato's thyroiditis.

Aim: The most important goal in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus is to protect patients from micro and macro complications. Inflammatory cytokines and betatrophin have been reported to play a role in diabetic micro and macro complications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of serum Betatrophin, TNF-α and IL-6 levels on diabetic micro and macro complications in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted with 91 type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients between January-December 2018. Case series with 91 patients divided into three groups were included; 31 T2DM patients without diabetic complications (group 1=control), 30 patients with diabetic microvascular complications (group 2) and 30 patients with diabetic macrovasculer complications (group 3). Blood was collected to evaluate biochemical parameters, TNF-α, IL-6 and betatrophin. Results: Betatrophin level was high in patients with renitopathy (p=0.042) and diabetic foot (p=0.036). TNF-α levels were higher in patients with both microvascular and macrovascular complications compared to the control group (p

Particularly common in countries with extensive agriculture and livestock, hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, which infects human mostly through dog faeces. Among the genus Echinococcus, Echinococcus granulosus is the most commonly isolated species from human infections. Hydatid cysts are mostly observed in lungs and livers. In this paper, we presented 4 cases with final histopathological evaluation of hepatic hydatid cysts.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effects of vitamin D on adropin and apoptosis in rat kidney tissue in the context of the experimental diabetes model created using streptozotocin (STZ).Material and Methods: 41 male Wistar-albino breed rats of 8-10 weeks were distributed into 5 groups, which consisted of 3 groups with 7 animals each and 2 groups with 10 animals each. No treatments were applied to the control group. The Buffer group was administered with single-dose 0.1 M sodium buffer intraperitoneally (ip). The Vitamin D group was orally administered 200 IU/day vitamin D. The Diabetes group was injected ip with single-dose 50 mg/kg STZ by dissolving the material in 0.1 M sodium buffer.Results: The biochemical and histological investigations revealed similar serum TOS and TAS levels, and TUNEL positivity and Adropin immunoreactivity for the Control, Buffer, and Vitamin D groups. While TOS levels and TUNEL positivity were significantly higher in the Diabetes group compared to the Control group, TAS levels and Adropin immunoreactivity were significantly lower. The TOS levels and TUNEL positivity were significantly reduced in the Diabetes+Vitamin D group compared to the diabetic group, and TAS levels, adropin immunoreactivity were significantly higher. Conclusion: In conclusion; it was determined that experimental diabetes increased TOS and apoptotic cells and decreased TAS and adropin levels in the kidney tissue in experimental diabetes, and that Vitamin D administered as treatment decreased TOS and apoptotic cells and increased TAS and Adropin levels. It was concluded that in order to uncover the role of diabetes in the pathophysiology of its effect on kidney tissue, future studies that consider various experimental diabetes times were necessary.

Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate serum 25-hyrdoxy (OH) vitamin D levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and reveal the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and glycemic control. Material and Methods: A total of 100 patients (50 females, 50 males) diagnosed with type 2 DM were included in the study. Data used in the study were retrospectively acquired from the records in the files of patients who had presented to the General Internal Medicine polyclinic and clinic at Firat University Hospital. Results: Mean vitamin D levels were determined as 11,8 ± 5,8 nmol/l in females and 13,5 ± 7,3 nmol/l in males. 57 patients (57%) in total demonstrated vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 31 (62%) female patients and 26 (52%) male patients. A significant negative correlation was determined between diabetic patients with and without vitamin D deficiency with regard to HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, post-prandial blood glucose (p0.05).A significant negative correlation was determined between diabetic patients with and without vitamin D deficiency with regard to BMI and patient weight (p