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A 42-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Prosthodontics, Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital with speech, swallowing and chewing difficulties caused by a fractured and non-reusable acrylic obturator. The patient had been using the obturator since maxillary tumor resection in 2012, which resulted in a significant and deep defect in the right maxillary region. Intraoral examination revealed a defect in the midline of the palate that extended to the left alveolar bone, and 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 16 were edentulous. The maxillary defect did not appear inflamed or infected, and the surrounding area appeared normal. The treatment plan was fabrication of a maxillofacial skeletal partial denture to rehabilitate the maxillary defect. Primary impressions were made with irreversible hydrocolloid ma-terial with a stock tray to obtain a study model. Custom tray was made for individual impressions with polyvinyl si-loxane material to obtain working models. A survey was conducted, and framework and bite rim were made. Maxil-lary denture was designed with Akers clasps at 35, 37, RPI at 45, full palatal palate as main connector. The denture framework was tried on, followed by determination of vertical dimensions. Denture alignment was done in the articu-lator using A3 color. The was prostheses were tried in and evaluated of retention, articulation, phonetics, and aes-thetics; then sent to dental laboratory for processing and the obturator was then inserted into the patient's mouth. Pati-ent follow-up was scheduled 24 hours and 1 week after insertion. It is concluded that the maxillofacial partial den-ture is a rehabilitation device that can result in decent retention and stabilization, especially in cases of acquired de-fects. The prosthesis can improve patient adaptation and ability with speech, mastication and swallowing functions.

A 66-years-old female patient was referred to Dental Hospital of Hasanuddin University with a fractured lower den-ture that impaired patient’s masticatory ability. Clinical examination showed full edentulous in both maxilla and man-dible with flat mandibular ridge, absence of inflammatory signs, flabby tissues, and bone prominences as well. The treatment plan was fabrication of complete denture with semi-adjustable articulator and modification in impression technique in order to produce retentive dentures. Preliminary impression and fabrication of anatomic cast followed by bolder molding and physiological impression. Two-dots method was used to determine the maxillomandibular re-lation and measure vertical dimension. Position of the maxilla was transferred using facebow, which attached to the centric tray followed by mounting the cast on a semi-adjustable articulator with guidance from centric tray. Artificial teeth were arranged in lingualized occlusion scheme on wax-pattern and try-in was done. After processing, remount-ing and selective grinding were performed followed by finishing and polishing, and lastly with insertion of both den-tures. It is concluded that impression technique is one of the primary factors in management of flat mandibular ridge in order to utilize surrounding tissues to have both active and passive retention in dentures.

A-18-years-old male came to the Dental and Oral Hospital of Hasanuddin University with a complaint of losing his left ear due to a traffic accident several years ago and often feeling pain in his ear especially when blown by strong winds. The patient wants to make an auricular prosthesis so that his self-esteem returns to normal. The extraoral exa-mination showed convex profile, oval-shaped face, symmetrical eyes, nose and lips, submandibular lymph nodes ex-hibit without complaints. The right and left ears are not symmetrical. Manufacture of silicone auricular prosthesis with adhesive retention. Anatomical impressions of the patient's and his siblings' ears were performed as a guide for duplication of the patient's left ear using an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. The wax pattern of the ear prosthesis that had been made on the die was paired with the patient to check the size accuracy and left and right symmetry. Then proceed with the process of acrylic packing and coloring. After the laboratory process was com-pleted, insertion is carried out. Signs of successful treatment: silicone ear prosthesis with adhesive retention has restored the patient appearance and self-esteem.

The choice of implant shape and size is an important part of the treatment plan procedure in order to obtain an implant that is sta-ble in masticatory function and aesthetic function. The use of implants with a tapered design and surface modification would improve the ultimate stability in low density bone. A comprehensiveand accurate radiographic examination is also an import-ant aspect of dental implant treatment planning. This article is aimed to present things about taperedinternal implants starting from indications, shape and dimensions, design, surface characteristics of the implant and drilling guide and selection of the appropriate type and radiographic technique to produce appropriate diagnostic information. So, with the limited facilities of modern radiographic images inIndonesia, conventional radiographic examinations with several projections can be used as an option to obtain optimal diagnostic information according to existing cases. Keywords: tapered implant, dental implant, dental implant radiography.

Losing an eyeball is a traumatic event both medically and psychologically that can cause functional, psychological, and aesthe-tic problems. Ocular prosthesis is part of a whole rehabilitative treatment after the surgery. This article describes the procedure to make a permanent ocular prosthesis to improve appearance, physical and psychological post surgery. A 3-year-old female patient came to Halimah Dg. Sikati Makassar Dental Hospital that was referred by an ophthalmologist after losing her right eye-ball to enucleation procedure for stage 2 tumor at the tender age of 8 months and wishes to have a permanent ocular prosthesis to restore appearance and self-confidence. Ocular prosthesis can help ease the psychological trauma and burden of losing the eyeball. It was concluded that restores the aesthetic appearance of the eyeball can increase the patient's confidence so she can function and feel better socially.

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) do not always indicate a problem in the joints but also involve all disorders related to the function of the masticatorysystem. One of the common signs of TMD is pain and limitations of mouth opening. When a pa-tient has a joint disorder and a masticatory muscle disordersimultaneously and the primary diagnosis cannot be determined, it is generally agreed to treat the masticatory muscle disorder as the primary diagnosis. Thereforethe initial treatment is directed to-wards the muscular symptoms. If symptoms do not decrease, further therapy is required for the joint disorder. This article re-ports on muscles therapy and the use of occlusal splints to rehabilitate pain and limitations of mouth opening. A 16-year-old female came to ProsthodonticDepartment RSGM Unhas, with complaints of pain when opening and closing her mouth. The pain and sound of crack on the right side of the face were felt for a few minutes since 2 months ago. The patient chews fre-quently in the left region because of caries and pain in the maxillary right molar since 2 months ago.Tooth 36 was extracted about 1 year ago due to residual roots. It was concluded that muscles therapy and occlusal splints are effectively overcome the limitations of mouth opening and reduce pain in the jaw joint.

Background: Sodium hypochlorite is a denture cleaning solution that is widely used as an efficient cleaning method. However, it has disadvantages of uncomfortable taste and smell. Therefore, therapeutic plant extracts are safer for the human body, they are used as an alternative for denture cleaning agents. Objective: To analyze the effect of act-ive compounds extracted from therapeutic plants in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. Methods: Ten selected articles were obtained from five search engines with due observance of PICO and specified inclusion criteria, then an assessment was carried out on ten selected articles which were assessed based on the assessment criteria of The Joanna Briggs Institute Criticial Appraisal Tools checklist and deserved to be included in writing a systematic review. Results: The plant extracts from ten articles were lemongrass extract and cinnamon extract, which were fungistatic and fungicidal; while the extracts of black cumin, mangrove leaf, rosella flower, ketapang leaf, mexico tea, and grape seed were fungistatic only. Conclusion: The active compounds of the terpenoid and phenolic groups from had ade-quate antifungal activity, but the active compounds in the phenolic group had lower antifungal activity due to the withdrawal of chlorophyl and carotenoid pigments which are known have antioxidants and antifungal properties.

Background: Digital dentistry technology based on computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been widely applied in the field of prosthodontics, ranging from digital techniques for impression processes, jaw registration, artificial tooth arrangement and base design, along with base and denture fabrication. However, conventional analog workflows are still used and digital workflows have not completely replaced analog workflows. Purpose: Knowing the latest complete digi-tal workflow in the manufacture of removable partial dentures (RPD). Methods: Full-arch digital impressions of the partially edentulous jaw were made with an intraoral scanner or by conventional methods. The denture framework, artificial teeth, and denture base were designed by commercially available CAD software. Each of the denture components including connectors, clasps, and artificial teeth and the denture bases were fabricated separately by the CAM machine, and then assembled using an adhesive material. Conclusion: RPDs were successfully fabricated using a fully digital workflow and no clinical complications were reported.

Several methods are available for the management of partial tooth loss, namely by using removable partial dentures, fixed den-tures, and implants. Combined dentures can be the treatment of choice when implant or FD are not possible and can be an ade-quate alternative to conventional clasps and RPD. This article is intended to determine the maxillary prosthodontic rehabilita-tion with RPD using an extracoronal attachment. The repair of partially missing teeth is a challenge in treatment planning. The technique followed by the care of the patient is effective in providing optimal care for an individual. The use of the combined RPD and FD makes for more retentive and esthetic, stable and function in the replacement of missing teeth. Long-term suc-cess requires sophisticated laboratory techniques, clinical expertise, and depends on biological factors, especially periodontal conditions.

The All-on-4® concept is one of the treatment procedures used in total edentulous patients and as an alternative to the routine care of conventional dentures with successful results in short term, long term and retrospective studies. What needs to be con-sidered in alternative treatments lies in the success of the prosthesis and its prosthodontic perspective which involves the princi-ples of occlusion. This article reviews the All-on-4® concept and its prosthodontic aspects. All-on-4® style dental implant treat-ment is a multi-step process with many potential complications. Reports of success rates for dental implants and final prosthe-ses have been widely published while the dental literature on the barriers and difficulties associated with the treatment of dental implants with the All-on-4 concept has not been widely reported. In the current article, the author describes common problems before, during, and after All-on-4 style dental implant treatment of more than 500 arches and discusses methods for overcoming those barriers.

Cast partial dentures is one of several treatment options that can be applied to rehabilitate partial edentulism with distal extension. Cast metal as a denture base exerts stimulation to the underlying tissue, thus prevents alveolar atrophy. However, one of the disadvantages of partial dentures with metal framework is the obviously visible retentive components attached to it, which could interfere with esthetics. This problem could be solved by using precision attachment that helps improving the esthetics, retention, stability and durability of the denture. There are two types of attachments, namely the intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In this article, extracoronal attachments were used because they provide better esthetics.

The number of partiallyedentulous adults is increasing, and many patients will require replacement of missing teeth. Although current treatment options also include fixed partial dentures and implants, removable partial dentures (RPDs) can have advant-ages and are widely used in clinical practice. However, a significant need exists to advance materials and fabrication technologies because of the unwanted health consequences associated with current RPDs. The RPDs consists of many components, such as major and minor connector, direct and indirect retainer, also rests. The variety of anatomic considerations related to oral con-ditions may affect selection of these components. The objective of this review is to discuss data related to RPDs design and factors affecting its selection. It was concluded that prosthodontists need to fully understand the basic of RPDs design princi-ples and should be familiar with those structures.

Background: Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans are microorganisms found in denture plaque and can cause denture stomatitis. To inhibit its growth, denture users are recommended to use denture cleanser. One of the developments of denture cleanser is ingredients derived from herbs. The herbal content can be used as a denture cleanser which has low side effects and can inhibit the growth of denture plaque. Objective: To determine the effect of herbal ingredients as denture cleansers on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Method: Literature Review. Result: The content of herbal ingredients that have antifungal and antibacterial properties is found in compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. These compounds have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects that can inhibit the growth of Candida and Streptoccous mutans in dentures by various mechanisms. Conclusion: The herbal content has sufficient effectiveness in fighting microbial growth in dentures and it can be developed into denture cleansers.

Alveolar ridges usually undergo a change in shape and height due to tooth loss. This can make it difficult to install dentures or implants. Preservation of the socket post tooth extraction can maintain the height and width of the alveolar ridge. Preservation of ridges and socketscan be done with atraumatic extraction, the use of bone graft or membrane, and a combination of bone graft and membrane.

The global spread of the coronavirus disease has put dentists, dental specialists, and staff, as well as patients, at danger of COVID-19 infection during dental procedures. The COVID-19 risk associated with prosthodontic dental treatment operations might range from low to very high. This article provides a helpful guide to prosthodontic treatment processes, including infection control and standards of care.

Periodontal disease causes damage to the structure of periodontal tissue characterized by the presence of tooth mobility. Splint is one of the therapies to support the healing of periodontal tissue that aims to provide stability so that occlusal pressure can be evenly distributed to other teeth. The design of dentures that can act as splint is important to maintain the stability of the teeth that mobile while restoring the chewing function. Some designs of denture that can be used as periodontal splint, namely external removable permanent splint and internal fixed permanent splint.

The vertical dimension is one of the important aspects that affect facial appearance, because it is related in facial height ratio. The vertical occlusal dimension is the height of the lower face measured from two points (infra-nasal and gnation points) when the maxillary and mandibular teeth were occlusion in the maximum intercuspal position. In complex cases, tooth wear can result in a decrease in facial height because the predominant wear on the anterior teeth encourages downward movement of the condyles when the intercuspal is maximum so that the vertical di-mension decreases. In addition, factors that cause a decrease in the vertical dimension are loss of posterior teeth accompanied by skeletal disharmony or accompanied by tooth abrasion and migration. The purpose of this paper is to explain how to restore the decreased occlusal vertical dimensions. Things that need to be considered are di-vided into two, extraorally and intraorally. Extraoral considerations are in the form of a large reduction in OVD, fa-cial esthetics and conditions of the temporomandibular joint. The parameters considered intraoral were the remain-ing tooth structure and occlusion. It was concluded that tooth wear due to functional and parafunctional activities can result in dimensional changes in facial morphology as well as a decrease in the occlusal vertical dimension. Correct OVD rehabilitation is an important factor in the success of rehabilitation treatment.

Background: The visit of children to the dentist to have their teeth checked is not routinely done. There is still a lack of awareness or concern for children about dental health due to a lack of knowledge about preventive and dental care in children to get opti-mal oral health. Aim: To determine the relationship between the level of motivation, cooperation and knowledge about oral dental health on oral health. Methods: Analytical observational research and cross sectional study approach was carried out in September 2016 at the Dental Clinic for Children, Dental Hospital of Hasanuddin University. With the accidental sampling technique, all children aged 6-17 years who visited the clinic filled out a questionnaire and performed an oral status check. Results: The Kruskall wallis test showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of motivation and knowledge of children on oral health and the level of visits and high levels of cooperation was dominated by patients who were picked up by the operator. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of motivation and knowledge about children's oral health and the highest level of cooperation is dominated by patients who are picked up by the operator.

Background: Dental implant is an optional way to replace edentulous area by surgically placing it into soft tissue or jawbone as a root substitute to hold dentures. Placement of the implant, so that the gingival tissue position will restore aesthetics and function properly. Objective: To discuss the importance of prosthetic planning for implant-supported dentures in the aesthetic zone. Case: Sample case of a patient who had previously subjected to dental surgery for implant placement and placement of a crown on tooth 11. The patient reported poor aesthetics due to gingival retraction and changes on the surface of the ceramic material. After proper planning, the prosthesis is reproduced, with the selection of new components and periodontal surgery using modification techniques for handling soft tissue. Nine months postoperatively, patients had better gingival alignment and reported aesthetic and functional satisfaction. Conclusion:Prosthetic planning to implant-supported dentures in the esthetic zone is very important. Several factors have contributed to the success of the treatment, such as implant position, soft tissue morphology, dental aesthetics, and biomechanics of the prosthetic structure. Complications that can occur after implant pla-cement are gingival recession which will primarily interfere with the esthetics of the anterior teeth so that interventional periodontal surgery is required.

Background: The efficacy of rosella flowers as an antibacterial contains anthocyanin pigment which acts as an antioxidant, vitamins and minerals that are useful for the body so it needs to develop products other than drinks and food; one of them as herbal disinfectant for complete denture acrylic base. Objective: To determine the color stability of the complete denture base after cleaning with various concentrations of rosella flower extract. Method: This time series study with pre and post with control group design was carried out using 5 complete dentures cleaned with rosella flower extract toothpaste with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and control, and assessed its color on the surface of the polished and intaglio surface. The value is processed into the formula ∆E * ab = [(∆L *) 2 + (∆a *) 2 + (∆b *) 2] 1/2 then analyzed using the Kolmorogrov test and t-test. Result: Rosella flower extract toothpaste at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% did not show significant differences in color changes (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in color changes at all concentrations after the acrylic base was cleaned with rosella flower extract.

Caries can be caused by various factors such as the amount of salivary flow, salivary acidity, etc. It needs to be known by chewing gum with xylitol and sucrose are most excellent to preventing caries in children. This study aimed to determine the difference of salivary flow while chewing xylitol gum and sucrose bubble gum in students of SD Inpres Toddopuli Makassar. This qualitative research with quase experimental studies method is the pre- and post-test design with control group. The sample criteria were children aged 9-12 years, has a superficial and media dental caries at least three teeth, did not another chewing gum about 60 minutes before examination, and willing to be research samples. As many as 30 samples each in grades 4, 5, and 6 chew xylitol gum on the first day and chew sucrose gum on the secong day of 5 minutes each. Saliva was collected on a cen-trifuge tube, observed amount and acidity of saliva. The results showed significants difference in the amount of salivary flow and acidity between xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum, namely there was different in amount of salivary flow (0.002) and for salivary pH value (0.000). It was concluded that children who chewed xylitol gum produce more saliva than sucrose chewed gum and sucrose gum had higher acidity than xylitol gum.

Objective: To analyze the effect of immediate placement of implants with extract from the new bone formation histometically. Material and Methods: In this true-experimental design with randomized post test control group, 9 mongrel dogs weighing 10 to 12 kg were used, which were divided into 3 groups, based on observation time of 14 days, 28 days and 56 days. On the installation of implants ( ∅ 3.5x10 mm) sequentially, the former socket extraction of the lower jaw’s right second premolar tooth in the study sample injected 10% Aloe vera gel extract and left second left premolar tooth without injection of 10% Aloe vera extract. To compare independent groups use the Mann-Whitney test. All analysis were carried out using SPSS version 20. Results: There was an increase in the number of osteoblast cells in both treatment and control groups, but the value of the treatment group was greater. There were significant differences in the number of osteoblast cells between the treatment and control groups 14 days (p=0.019), 28 days: (p=0.018), and 56 days (p=0.009). There were no significant differences in the number of fibroblast cells between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). But at observations 28 and 56 days, it was showed a significant difference in the number of fibroblast cells between the treatment and control groups (p=0.353 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusion: Immediate placement of implants with 10% Aloe vera extract gel on extracted socket increases the number of osteoblasts and suppresses the number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts.

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A fixed restoration should be removed because it hasdistortions at the restoration or its abutment. It's not an easyprocess, especially when it has been cemented permanently. Todo so, it is necessary to know the restoration history, cement,abutment, "' and the method. Some methods for removing thefixed restoration intactly are follow: straight chisel and mallet,excavator, reverse mallet, ATD, peerless crown-a-matic,adhesive method, ligature, Reynold technique andforcep.Altough physical and psychological traumas during the removingprocess have been prevented, dentist must give adequateinformed concent, take care the abutment health and prevent thepatient from swallowing the restoration.

Introduction: Denture users with smoking habit often complain about colour changes in their dentures, especially on the base part. Polyamide microcrystalline is a thermoplastic denture base material and does not undergo many colour changes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of filter cigarettes smoke exposure on the colour of polyamide microcrystalline materials. Methods: This study used posttest only control group design — plate-shaped sample with a size of 2 x 2 x 0.5 cm3. Nine samples as controls were immersed without exposure to the cigarette smoke, and 9 samples were immersed in artificial saliva with exposure to the filter cigarette smoke by six cycles, where one cycle was in the form of smoke exposure from one cigarette at 30-minute intervals. Cigarette exposure lasts for 21 days using a smoking simulation tool. Every seven days of exposure, colours were evaluated using a DSLR camera. The photos were then analysed with Adobe™ Photoshop in the CIELab colour space. The results were analysed afterwards by a one-way ANOVA variant test, and advance difference tests were analysed using a Post-Hoc test. Results: There was a significant colour change after exposure (p < 0.05), but the control group did not experience discolouration. The highest rate of colour change occurred in the second week, while in the third week the colour changes still occurred but tend to be stable. Conclusion: Exposure to the filter cigarette smoke changes the colour of polyamide microcrystalline denture base.

Saliva adalah cairan yang lebih kental daripada air biasa. Selain kelenjar saliva minor, ada tiga kelenjar saliva mayor yang mengeluarkan saliva, yaitu kelenjar parotis, kelenjar submandibularis, dan kelenjar sublingualis. Dalam setiap hari sekitar 1000-1500 cc saliva dikeluarkan oleh kelenjar saliva, karena dibutuhkan jumlah saliva yang cukup untuk kenyamanan dan memelihara kesehatan mulut. Saliva berperan penting dalam pemakaian gigi tiruan lepasan untuk melindungi mukosa oral dari iritasi mekanik dan infeksi, serta untuk memberikan retensi. Suatu kondisi saliva yang memadai untuk penggunaan gigi tiruan adalah saliva yang encer, yang dihasilkan oleh sel serus.

The vertical dimension can be described as a vertical height of the face. Practical knowledge about the physiologicalrest position is very important in determining the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) accurately. DeterminationVDO is one tough stage of prosthodontic treatment. There is no method or tool that can measure VDO accurately. Thisstudy can be used by dentists to help evaluate the results of VDO measurement performed by two dot technique, soconvincing dentists that the measurements are accurate. The distance was measured after the the two points on the tipof the nose and the tip of the chin assess, while DVO on the photo cephalometric measured by assessing the angle ofthe bispinal plane (SNA-SNP) with mandibular plane (Go-Gn), then OVD of cephalometric imaging was comparedwith compare the results of photo DVO cephalometric by two dots technique were measuring with Moyers standard.Based on research conducted at Dental Hospital University of Hasanuddin, there were obtained 20 samples that met the criteria as research subjects. Measuring DVO on the cephalometric photo, the mean value obtained on men20.214°and women 22.231°, insignificant statistically. It was concluded that the mean value of DVO corner was21.52°, still in the range of Moyers value with range 9-32°.

Introduction: Denture users with smoking habit often complain about colour changes in their dentures, especially on the base part. Polyamide microcrystalline is a thermoplastic denture base material and does not undergo many colour changes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of filter cigarettes smoke exposure on the colour of polyamide microcrystalline materials. Methods: This study used posttest only control group design — Plate-Shaped sample with a size of 2 x 2 x 0.5 cm3. Nine samples as controls were immersed without exposure to the cigarette smoke, and 9 samples were immersed in artificial saliva with exposure to the filter cigarette smoke by six cycles, where one cycle was in the form of smoke exposure from one cigarette at 30-minute intervals. Cigarette exposure lasts for 21 days using a smoking simulation tool. Every seven days of exposure, colours were evaluated using a DSLR camera. The photos were then analysed with Adobe™ Photoshop in the CIELab colour space. The results were analysed afterwards by a one-way ANOVA variant test, and advance difference tests were analysed using a Post-Hoc test. Results: There was a significant colour change after exposure (p < 0.05), but the control group did not experience discolouration. The highest rate of colour change occurred in the second week, while in the third week the colour changes still occurred but tend to be stable. Conclusion: Exposure to the filter cigarette smoke changes the colour of polyamide microcrystalline denture base.Keywords: Polyamide microcrystalline, filter cigarette smoke, discolouration, denture base

The use of endosseous implants is directly related to the topography and quality of the patient’s residual bone. Severaltechniques have been tried to expand its application through implant design alterations and surgical techniques for boneaugmentation. This article reviews the sandwich osteotomy combined with an interpositional autograft for vertical andtransversal augmentation in the atrophic mandible prior to endosseous implant placement. In conclusion, segmentalmandibular sandwich osteotomy can be recommended to fulfill the dimensional requirements of preimplant boneaugmentation in atrophic posterior mandible.

Endosseous dental implants are the treatment of choice for restoring function and reconstructing most edentulousareas of the maxilla and mandible. One of the most common problems in oral implantology is insufficient bone heightbetween the alveolar ridge and the mandible canal, as a result of mandibular atrophy from edentulism. Generally,alveolar bone defects can be reconstructed by either distraction osteogenesis (DO)or autogenous bone grafting(ABG). This paper discussed implant successful rate in DO versus ABG. DO shows a higher successful rate of implantthan ABG with the result more esthetic, lower rate of infection and bone resorption, no pain at donor area, andrelatively uncomplicated.

The aesthetic needs of patients with complete dentures is currently greatly increasing. To encounter of the stages and the process of complete dentures settlement that takes time, the operators must develop a variety of techniques to overcome them. One of it is by considering the transitional denture method to overcome the aesthetics problem during these stages. Various selection methods during this transitional stage are the making of overdenture, immediate dentures or denture after clearance all remaining natural teeth. Each one has its advantages and disadvantages. Principally, the aesthetic needs, adaptation process, masticatory function and the tissues health are the main reason of this transitional denture. As conclusion, dentures transition method is very helpfull to encounter the patients problems to finish the process of definitive dentures settlement.

Aging is a natural process which causes physical, psychological, and social deteriorations, so it can cause problems tothe elderly, especially health problems in Makassar. The local office of Health Department in Makassar determined theoptimum degree of health in accordance with result of indicators of Healthy Indonesia 2010 which were indicated bythe dental and oral health as an element of the quality of life. This research aims to observe the effect of completedentition on the quality of life of the elderly in Makassar. With the observational analytic study using a cross-sectionaldesign, the sample were chosen from the elderly who inhabit and settle in Makassar, South Sulawesi, above 60 yearsold and had≥ 20 teeth. The primary data were collected using OHIP-14 questionnaire. The results of simple linearregression test using SPSS version 22 indicate that the elderly with complete dentition have a significance level of0.003 which is smaller compared with the significance criteria (0.05). It was concluded that the condition of completedentition affect the quality of life of the elderly in Makassar.

Patient dissatisfaction occurs in both developing and developed countries. Patient satisfaction is a very subjectivething; it is difficult to measure, changeable and there are many factors influencing person’s level of satisfaction. Betelleaf (Piper betle)has many benefits to health. Betel leaf is a natural ingredient that is known to contain phenols andvolatile oil which gives the most distinctive smell in the betel leaf. Solution of betel leaf can also be used as amouthwash and denture cleansers. In addition, there are several kinds of commercially available cleanser, such asalkaline peroxide. This study was aimed to know the level of denture users’ satisfaction in Dental Hospital, Faculty ofDentistry, Hasanuddin University against denture cleanser. By using an observational analytic method, sample of thisstudy were all removable denture users inserted in April to May 2013. Polident and betel leaf extract of 20% were usedas cleansers. Data were collected by questionnaires and processed by chi-square test using SPSS v.21.0. The levelsatisfied of patient using alkaline peroxide was 100; compared with betel leaf extract of 20% was dissatisfied (p=0.000). It was concluded that alkaline peroxide denture cleanser gives a different sense of satisfaction significantlycompared with the betel leaf extract.

Edentulous state causes disorders in chewing, esthetic, phonetic, temporomandibularjoint, and the vinicity tissue. As dental students, they must have to replace their teethwith denture. This study aimed to know the reason why dental students of HasanuddinUniversity didn’t use denture. This descriptive study involved 30 samples based onpurposive sampling technique. Data was obtained from questionnaire andexamination of oral cavity. The result showed that 23 samples wanted to use denture,and 26 samples said that the denture was necessary. The reasons of not using denturewere as follows: no time, not disturbed, expensive, fear, and just for orthodontictreatment. It can be concluded that most respondents had known the importance ofusing denture. However, the behavior of using denture had not yet existed because ofexternal and internal factor. For that, it is suggested to socialize the imprtance ofusing denture.

Many people ignore their oral hygiene and do not use denture after extraction. This may caused by their thinking pattern. Thinking pattern indicates the degree of comprehension to solve a problem. This research aims to find out the thinking pattern of first year students towards edentulous replacement. The questionnaire was filled in by students. The oral cavity state of students who have edentulous was inspected. The study finds that only 3 men and 27 women had edentulous, all of them did not use denture. However, more than 96% of the edentulous and not-edentulous groups said that edentulous need denture, due to aesthetic factor. The reasons for not using denture are, for example, not enough time, not disturbed by the absence of denture, and its cost. It can be concluded that the 2005 batch students of Faculty of Dentistry (FKG) UNHAS had shown a good understanding about edentulous replacement. Their views on the profits and detriments using denture are the main reasons to determine whether they will use denture.

Natural tooth can be replaced with many ways, for example with bridge. This kind ofdenture is conventional because too much sound teeth tissue are grinded. Therefore,many designs which grinds as minimal as possible have been tried such as Maryland andRochette designs. As technology develops, Fung Shell System was found. It consists ofone unit bridge called pontic which has a form of porcelain fused to metal and postbridge. Fung bridge is easier and faster to make than conventional bridge. This article isexpected to enrich our knowledge of fung bridge which is as modification of bridge.