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The primary goal of this study was to compile the top 50 most cited articles on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A search of relevant studies was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in Web of Science. The top 25 most cited articles in osteoarthritis and tendinopathy were then compiled and evaluated. Level 1 evidence articles constituted the majority of the studies (64%) and were more likely to have a higher citation density. Altmetric data was highest for level 1 systematic reviews. Of the articles that report a positive outcome for PRP, 13% (2/16) had low risk of bias. This study defines the most cited and influential publications regarding PRP to further research in this area.Osteoarthritis, which is degeneration of joints from overuse and/or injuries, and tendinopathy, which is usually a chronic injury of the tendons attached to muscles and bones, are big issues in sports medicine. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is a concentrated mixture of platelets from the patient’s own blood, could be an effective treatment for these conditions, but the literature on PRP is limited. This article lists the top 25 most cited articles on the use of PRP in osteoarthritis and in tendinopathy, and it also analyzes how much these articles have been used in research and in public discord. This article is useful as a reading list for physicians, trainees, patients and researchers to know the evidence for PRP.

Objectives: Anterior knee pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint with a multifactorial etiology. Psychiatric conditions may play a significant role in both the evolution of anterior knee pain and recovery from it. This retrospective, matched case-control study evaluates the prevalence of psychologic conditions in patients with anterior knee pain to assess their role as a potential contributor. Methods: 126 patients with anterior knee pain were retrospectively identified using ICD-10 codes and were individually matched to controls based on gender, age, and BMI. Patient demographics, surgical history, medications, and prior or current diagnoses related to musculoskeletal or psychiatric health were recorded. Demographic data between the anterior knee pain group and controls were evaluated using independent t-tests. Differences between the matched pairs related to psychiatric conditions and medication usage were evaluated using a McNemar Test. A subgroup analysis was also performed and defined by gender, age greater than or less than 35, and BMI greater than or less than 25. Results: Evaluation of demographic data between the anterior knee pain group and controls showed no difference with regards to age, gender, and BMI (p>0.05). Analysis of the 126 matched pairs demonstrated similar rates of psychiatric conditions and medication usage between the anterior knee pain group (23 patients, 18.3%) and the control group (18 patients, 14.3%). Statistically, there was no difference between the two groups (p = 0.472). A subgroup analysis also demonstrated no difference between the anterior knee pain group and controls when stratified by gender (Male [p = 0.80]; Female [p = 0.12]), age (< 35 [p = 1.00]; > 35 [p = 0.50]), and BMI (< 25 [p = 0.10]; > 25 [p = 0.82]). Conclusions: There was no difference in the prevalence of psychiatric conditions between patients with anterior knee pain and their controls. This suggests a low likelihood that the psychologic condition of patients with anterior knee pain differ from that of the general population and implies that psychologic conditions alone are unlikely to play an isolated role in the etiology of anterior knee pain.

We examined the effect of a noncontact, subsymptom exacerbation early exercise recommendation on recovery from sports-related concussion. Retrospective analysis of adolescents, 10-17 years old, with symptomatic concussion, within 30 days of injury was performed. Time to recovery was measured between the early exercise group and a comparison group. A total of 187 patients studied—112 in the exercise group and 75 in the comparison group; 55% were male (n = 103). The exercise group had a significantly longer duration of concussion symptoms (18.5 days vs 14, P = .002), although both groups recovered within the expected time to recovery for concussion. When analyzed separately, males experienced longer time to recovery from injury (19 days vs 14, P = .003), than females, respectively (18 days vs 14.5, P = .18). Recommendation of early exercise resulted in significantly longer recovery from concussion in male adolescents but had no significant effect in female adolescents; both groups recovered within the expected time frame.

ZnSe has been a great choice for the rare-earth and transition metal doping to develop lasers. It is an excellent material for variety of optical applications due to wide transparency range, good fabricability and very low optical absorption similar to other selenides. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has developed large crystals using physical vapor deposition (PVD) doped with transition metals for lasing. GaAs based quasi-phase matched structures have a lot of limitations including difficulty of frequency conversion from available high-power lasers. We are developing Si- and GaAs- based templates and using microfabrication process to deposit ZnSe using physical vapor transport (PVT) method. Experimental results of the fabrication of templates and growth of ZnSe on templates will be presented.

The Problem Although there is a surge in research on Talent management and talent development (hence forward TMD) practices across different regions, most of what we know about these topics in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is based on government and practitioners’ reports. Nowadays, UAE is going through unprecedented times of growth. Organizations are operating in a diverse environment created by a smart government vision and practical policies that allowed the UAE to be labeled as a talent magnet destination. Still, TMD activities seem to be influenced by a two-tier system, one for Emirati nationals and another for expatriates. The question is whether the UAE is able to continue its growth through current TMD practices or whether a more strategic approach is needed to address the current TMD challenges and to meet the needs of individuals and of organizations. The Solution The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of professionals’ perspectives in different sectors about (a) the government policies, (b) current activities, and (c) challenges and contextual factors that affect the current state of TMD in the country. Once we understand the different policies, activities, and challenges, practitioners and leaders can use TMD as a source of power, or a strategy, that can lead people and organizations into success. The Stakeholders Human resources and organization development experts working in international contexts, administrators in academic institutions, and leaders in government organizations interested in HRD in the context of the UAE, will find the information presented in this study useful.

Product development processes are currently highly serial workflows that prevent needed cycle time reduction. Multi-user synchronous CAD is already improving the parallelization of these workflows and the next step is to facilitate multi-user synchronous heterogeneous CAD. This paper proposes a pseudo-singleton design pattern and a class signature which are necessary in the business logic layer of an application architecture that affects multi-user synchronous collaboration across heterogeneous CAD clients.

The availability of high peak-power laser systems capable of delivering intense deep-UV pulses has brought renewed interest in using Raman spectroscopy as both a selective and sensitive analytical technique for stand-off detection. Our approach uses a high power pulsed-laser as the excitation source, specifically the fourth and fifth harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. One of the hurdles to be overcome to allow deep-UV Raman spectroscopy to become accessible is a direct method of calibrating both the observation frequency and detector response of the spectrograph being used. This report outlines our efforts to understand the photochemical and photophysical consequences of high-peak power excitation of cyclohexane for potential use as a secondary Raman standard in the deep-UV. Evaluation of the photochemical stability, both from multi-photon absorption and in the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen as well as the possibility of (near) resonance enhancement of the C-H stretching region will be described.

Recent studies on multinary oxides for applications as laser hosts and high dielectric capacitors have shown that processing at high temperature provides glassy or crystalline materials based on thermal treatments and cooling rates. Since hydroxyapatites are now subject of great interests due to their bioactivity, interest in producing soft and hard materials with glassy and crystalline nature by processing parameters has become very important. Crystalline materials by using Bridgman, Czochralski and flux growth methods are costly and require huge investment. We have observed that even low temperature solidification in organic flux produced oriented fibers. This organic treated material has different characteristics than in situ oxide materials prepared by sintering and grain growth. Examples of phosphate and silicate-based systems will be presented to demonstrate soft and hard materials. Effect of TiO2 and other hardening elements will be also reported.

Tendinopathy and chronic tendon issues related to tendinosis are conditions difficult to treat. These conditions often lead to patients' quality of life declining because of the inability to participate in exercise, occupation-related activities, and activities of daily living. By better understanding the pathophysiology related to the development of tendinosis, clinicians will be better able to understand the treatment options available and their limitations while allowing novel therapies to be developed. Conservative treatment of tendinosis starting with a sound rehabilitation program seems to be the best place to start while reserving surgical approaches for cases that have failed conservative management.

Transferring CAD data between heterogeneous CAD systems is a challenge because of differences in feature representation. A study by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) performed in 1999 made a conservative estimate that inadequate interoperability in the automotive industry costs them $1 billion per year. One critical part of eliminating the high costs due to poor interoperability is a neutral format between heterogeneous CAD systems. An effective neutral CAD format should include a current-state data store, be associative, include the union of CAD features across an arbitrary number of CAD systems, maintain design history, maintain referential integrity, and support synchronous collaboration. This research has focused on extending an existing synchronous collaborative CAD software tool to allow for a neutral, current-state data store. This has been accomplished by creating a Neutral Parametric Canonical Form (NPCF) which defines the neutral data structure for many basic CAD features to enable translation between heterogeneous CAD systems. The NPCF’s for a few key features have been implemented in a synchronous collaborative program and work between the NX and CATIA CAD systems. The 3D point, 2D point, 2D line, and 2D spline NPCF’s will be specifically presented. Complex models have successfully been modeled and exchanged in real time and have validated the NPCF approach. Multiple users can be in the same part at the same time in different CAD systems and create and update models in real time.Copyright © 2015 by ASME

Collaborative CAD promises to solve the major design challenge facing industry relating to interoperability and design sharing: translation between heterogeneous CAD systems. Translation issues alone account for upwards of $1 billion in costs for the US automotive supply chain. With collaborative CAD, parts and assemblies can be viewed and edited simultaneously by multiple users in geographically diverse locations, without the need to manually export and send models as neutral files. In order to attain interoperability between CAD systems, a neutral format is used to pass data between clients. By expanding the traditional neutral format to include interfaces, the object hierarchy more closely resembles the hierarchy employed by native CAD systems — allowing more feature information, and thus design intent, to be preserved. The interface method also enforces referential integrity in the neutral representation of CAD objects by limiting the type of objects to be referenced to valid objects. Corrupt and invalid data can be caught and corrected before being transferred to other users viewing the CAD model.Copyright © 2015 by ASME

The cement production facility at Lafarge, Joppa, Illinois produces world-class oil well cement as well as top-quality Type I/II cement and various blended cements. The cement is made from limestone, fly and bottom ash, silica, alumina and iron using crushed rock moved via barge from the quarry located 74 miles upriver. When the crushed rock arrives at the cement plant it is ground in two raw grinding mills that crush and blend the materials prior to feeding into the kiln. A very divergent quarry means there is an increased chance of building a 20,000 ton pile of material prior to loading on the barge that is too far off spec to ship to the plant. In order to gain better visibility and control of quarry materials before moving them the Cave-in-Rock Quarry has put into place a SABIA L-2000, a PGNAA device for giving preparation-free, timely cement quality results on rock samples from the quarry so that better decisions can be made on the movement of material to minimize unnecessary movement of out-of-spec piles as well as optimize the operation of the cement plant by getting the quality closer to target. This paper will take a detailed look at the application and provide data on the benefits of the technology to the customer.

A common difficulty in designing mechanical systems is in handling the effects that design changes in one subsystem have on another, or on the system as a whole. This is made more difficult in early engineering design, when frequent changes are required and design information is preliminary. Increased efforts have been made to capitalize on the benefits of numerical optimization methods (search methods) in early engineering design – because of the large impact early decisions have on subsequent development activities. An important step toward executing meaningful optimizations in early design is the development of a design optimization framework that can be used when objectives, constraints, variables, and other conditions are expected to change as the design progresses and new information is gained. This paper presents a design framework that considers such change by subjecting the parametric updating of CAD models to optimization criteria. Under the proposed framework, a part is generically and parametrically modeled in a CAD system; when changes are made to the design of subsystems that interact with the part, the part is then automatically updated subject to design objectives and constraints. In this way, the updated part or subassembly satisfies system and subsystem level optimization criteria. Thus reducing the need for the designer to react to design changes in one subsystem by manually correcting the affected design of another. The proposed framework carries practical implications that are demonstrated in the development of a suspension rocker for a formula SAE car designed and built at Brigham Young University, resulting in a rocker weight savings of 18%.Copyright © 2007 by ASME

The design of multiple-bend, progressive-die-formed springs typically comprises four iterative steps: (i) functional specification, (ii) configuration generation, (iii) configuration evaluation and selection, and (iv) detailed shape and size optimization of the selected configuration. The process of configuration generation fundamentally affects the success or failure of the design effort. Specifically, by not generating potentially optimal configurations for further development in detailed design, the designer may unknowingly set the design on track for sub-optimal performance. In response, the approach presented in this paper focuses on improving the important process of configuration generation. Specifically, this paper presents an optimization-based spring configuration generator – without which, the generation would typically be based solely on designer creativity, experience, and knowledge. The proposed approach allows the designer to explore numerous optimization-generated spring configurations, which are generated specifically to feasibly satisfy his or her functional specifications. Importantly, the feasibility study is carried out before a final configuration is chosen for detailed development. Thus streamlining the designer’s efforts to develop a design that has a high possibility of avoiding sub-optimality. As shown in this paper, we use the feasible-configuration generator to identify twenty-two specific spring configurations for the design of an electrical contact. All twenty-two of the configurations satisfy the design’s functional specifications.

International audience; A standard way of describing the vocal behaviour of nonhuman primates is to classify the vocal repertoire as either graded or discrete. We analysed a large database of calls given by adult males of a primate considered a typical example for discrete vocal behaviour, the forest-dwelling Campbell's monkeys, Cercopithecus campbelli. We recorded vocal responses from several dozen individuals to their main predators, crowned eagles and leopards. Using cluster analysis techniques, we found two main call types, which were modified further by optional affixation of an inflexible vocal structure. It was possible to force the four call types into eight subtypes, with various degrees of gradedness. When taking context into account, we found that acoustically discrete and nonaffixed calls tended to be given right after discovering a predator, while acoustically graded and affixed calls were given during later parts of a predator encounter and to nonpredatory disturbances. In sum, our results suggest that classifications of primate vocal repertoires as either discrete or graded are likely to be meaningless, as communicatively relevant acoustic variation can be present within seemingly discrete call types.