Search

Your search keyword '"Eric M. Sahr"' showing total 11 results
Start Over Author "Eric M. Sahr"
11 results on '"Eric M. Sahr"'

1. Stereophotoclinometry for OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Navigation

Author

Coralie D. Adam, Leilah K. McCarthy, Jason M. Leonard, Robert Gaskell, Peter G. Antreasian, Andrew J. Liounis, Kenneth Getzandanner, Michael C. Moreau, Eric E. Palmer, John Weirich, Olivier S. Barnouin, Jeroen L. Geeraert, Eric M. Sahr, Benjamin Ashman, Derek S. Nelson, John Y. Pelgrift, Erik J. Lessac-Chenen, Daniel Wibben, Bobby G. Williams, Michael G. Daly, and Dante S. Lauretta

Subjects
Asteroid dynamics, Asteroid surfaces, Near-Earth objects, Asteroids, Astrodynamics, Orbits, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

We summarize a decade of effort by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission team to build up the unique capabilities, processes, and procedures required to accomplish the unprecedented navigation performance required during proximity operations at asteroid (101955) Bennu. Stereophotoclinometry was a key technology used for digital terrain model (DTM) generation and landmark navigation, enabling estimation of spacecraft trajectories and Bennu’s geophysical parameters. We outline the concept of operations for OSIRIS-REx landmark navigation and the wide array of testing and verification efforts leading up to OSIRIS-REx’s arrival at Bennu. We relate the outcome of these efforts to the experiences during proximity operations. We discuss navigation and DTM performance during operations, including detailed lessons learned to carry forward for future missions.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Reconstruction of Bennu Particle Events From Sparse Data

Author

John Y. Pelgrift, Erik J. Lessac‐Chenen, Coralie D. Adam, Jason M. Leonard, Derek S. Nelson, Leilah McCarthy, Eric M. Sahr, Andrew Liounis, Michael Moreau, Brent J. Bos, Carl W. Hergenrother, and Dante S. Lauretta

Subjects
Astronomy, QB1-991, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract OSIRIS‐REx began observing particle ejection events shortly after entering orbit around near‐Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in January 2019. For some of these events, the only observations of the ejected particles come from the first two images taken immediately after the event by OSIRIS‐REx's NavCam 1 imager. Without three or more observations of each particle, traditional orbit determination is not possible. However, by assuming that the particles all ejected at the same time and location for a given event, and approximating that their velocities remained constant after ejection (a reasonable approximation for fast‐moving particles, i.e., with velocities on the order of 10 cm/s or greater, given Bennu's weak gravity), we show that it is possible to estimate the particles' states from only two observations each. We applied this newly developed technique to reconstruct the particle ejection events observed by the OSIRIS‐REx spacecraft during orbit about Bennu. Particles were estimated to have ejected with inertial velocities ranging from 7 cm/s to 3.3 m/s, leading to a variety of trajectory types. Most (>80%) of the analyzed events were estimated to have originated from midlatitude regions and to have occurred after noon (local solar time), between 12:44 and 18:52. Comparison with higher‐fidelity orbit determination solutions for the events with sufficient observations demonstrates the validity of our approach and also sheds light on its biases. Our technique offers the capacity to meaningfully constrain the properties of particle ejection events from limited data.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Particle Size-Frequency Distributions of the OSIRIS-REx Candidate Sample Sites on Asteroid (101955) Bennu

Author

Keara N. Burke, Daniella N. DellaGiustina, Carina A. Bennett, Kevin J. Walsh, Maurizio Pajola, Edward B. Bierhaus, Michael C. Nolan, William V. Boynton, Juliette I. Brodbeck, Harold C. Connolly, Jasinghege Don Prasanna Deshapriya, Jason P. Dworkin, Catherine M. Elder, Dathon R. Golish, Rachael H. Hoover, Erica R. Jawin, Timothy J. McCoy, Patrick Michel, Jamie L. Molaro, Jennifer O. Nolau, Jacob Padilla, Bashar Rizk, Stuart J. Robbins, Eric M. Sahr, Peter H. Smith, Stephanie J. Stewart, Hannah C. M. Susorney, Heather L. Enos, and Dante S. Lauretta

Subjects
particle size-frequency distributions, power laws, rubble-pile asteroids, fragmentation, Science
Abstract

We manually mapped particles ranging in longest axis from 0.3 cm to 95 m on (101955) Bennu for the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) asteroid sample return mission. This enabled the mission to identify candidate sample collection sites and shed light on the processes that have shaped the surface of this rubble-pile asteroid. Building on a global survey of particles, we used higher-resolution data from regional observations to calculate particle size-frequency distributions (PSFDs) and assess the viability of four candidate sites for sample collection (presence of unobstructed particles ≤ 2 cm). The four candidate sites have common characteristics: each is situated within a crater with a relative abundance of sampleable material. Their PSFDs, however, indicate that each site has experienced different geologic processing. The PSFD power-law slopes range from −3.0 ± 0.2 to −2.3 ± 0.1 across the four sites, based on images with a 0.01-m pixel scale. These values are consistent with, or shallower than, the global survey measurements. At one site, Osprey, the particle packing density appears to reach geometric saturation. We evaluate the uncertainty in these measurements and discuss their implications for other remotely sensed and mapped particles, and their importance to OSIRIS-REx sampling operations.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Contact with Bennu! Flight Performance Versus Prediction of OSIRIS-REx TAG Sample Collection

Author

Kevin E Berry, Kenneth M Getzandanner, Michael C Moreau, Samantha M Rieger, Peter G Antreasian, Coralie D Adam, Daniel R Wibben, Jason M Leonard, Andrew H Levine, Jeroen L Geeraert, John Y Pelgrift, Leilah K McCarthy, Eric M Sahr, David A Lorenz, and Dante S Lauretta

Subjects
Spacecraft Design, Testing And Performance
Abstract

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission collected a sample from the surface of the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in late 2020. Bennu challenged the team with a surface that was much rockier than expected, resulting in modifications to the prelaunch design of the Touch And Go (TAG) sequence. Following enhancements in onboard trajectory correction, ground-based navigation, and maneuver execution error modeling, the spacecraft was delivered to the chosen TAG site within 1 m of the target, and a sample was successfully collected on the first attempt. This paper provides a comprehensive description of all flight dynamics aspects of TAG trajectory planning and execution. It also describes hazard map generation and how that combined with error analysis results to predict the probability of safe contact before TAG and the onboard wave-off determination during TAG.

Published
2021

5. Concept of Operations for OSIRIS-REx Optical Navigation Image Planning

Author

Coralie D. Adam, Peter G. Antreasian, Brian T. Carcich, Jason M. Leonard, Erik J. Lessac-Chenen, Leilah K. McCarthy, Derek S. Nelson, John Y. Pelgrift, Eric M. Sahr, Daniel R. Wibben, Sara Knutson, Heather L. Enos, Karl Harshman, Carl Hergenrother, John N. Kidd Jr, Diane Lambert, Anjani T. Polit, Bashar Rizk, Dante S. Lauretta, Olivia Billett, Mykal Lefevre, Michael C. Moreau, Brent J. Bos, Andrew Calloway, Nayi Castro, Joseph Cavaluzzi, Kenneth M. Getzandanner, Ronald Mink, and Devin Poland

Subjects
Spacecraft Instrumentation And Astrionics, Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Optical navigation (OpNav) is a critical subsystem of the OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission, which operated in the vicinity of near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu from August 2018 through April 2021. A substantial amount of mission resources across multiple subsystems and institutions is required to ensure that the OpNav data are successfully acquired. The KinetX OpNav team, part of the Flight Dynamics System (FDS), is responsible for performing required analysis to develop the OpNav operations plans; requesting, reviewing and verifying the plans; and ultimately using the image data for critical navigation operations. The FDS team, responsible for the mission navigation, is operated by KinetX Aerospace with management and operations support from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. The Science Processing and Operations Center (SPOC), located at the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, is responsible for generating the planning products for all science and most OpNav data. These plans are integrated into the spacecraft sequences, tested, and commanded by the Mission Support Area (MSA) at Lockheed Martin Space. To ensure mission-critical navigation image data are successfully acquired, the plan is developed through a waterfall of planning cycles over the course of 3 months prior to onboard plan execution. During the initial strategic planning for a mission phase, detailed analysis is performed by the OpNav team to conceptualize the concept of operations (ConOps) for image data collection. This phase OpNav Narrative is included along with other strategic planning documents for the key ground segment stakeholders to review and provide feedback. The detailed OpNav plans get defined in the tactical planning cycle, which spans 8 to 3 weeks before the week-long integrated sequence is executed on-board the spacecraft. During the tactical cycle, the initial OpNav Request is submitted along with the science requests, kicking off development of the science and OpNav plans. Once the initial plan is drafted, interfaces are exercised so that the plan can be reviewed and iterated, if necessary. A rigorous schedule is followed by the planning teams during the implementation cycle, spanning the last 18 days before uplink, to ensure all the necessary integration, testing, and reviewing can occur on time. The development of the OpNav planning ConOps, including responsibilities, interfaces, timelines, and procedures, took extensive collaboration across mission elements and institutions. The process was robust throughout the 137 weeks of continuous Optical Navigation Operations at Bennu, which concluded on April 9th, 2021.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Particle Size-Frequency Distributions of the OSIRIS-REx Candidate Sample Sites on Asteroid (101955) Bennu

Author

J. D. P. Deshapriya, Bashar Rizk, Erica Jawin, Eric M. Sahr, Jason P. Dworkin, Jennifer Nolau, Daniella DellaGiustina, R. H. Hoover, Kevin J. Walsh, Michael C. Nolan, H. L. Enos, Catherine Elder, Stephanie J. Stewart, Stuart J. Robbins, William V. Boynton, Jacob Padilla, K. N. Burke, Dante S. Lauretta, Maurizio Pajola, Dathon Golish, Peter H. Smith, Hannah C.M. Susorney, Carina Bennett, Edward B. Bierhaus, Harold C. Connolly, Patrick Michel, Jamie Molaro, Timothy J. McCoy, Juliette I. Brodbeck, and Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France

Subjects
Nolan, rubble-pile asteroids, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, K.J, Science, J.I, et al. Particle particle size-frequency distributions, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Bierhaus, H.C, Walsh, E.B, 01 natural sciences, particle size-frequency distributions, power laws, fragmentation, M, C.A, Impact crater, Sample return mission, Connolly, 0103 physical sciences, Burke, K.N, Boynton, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, M.C, D.N, W.V, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], DellaGiustina, Brodbeck, Sampling (statistics), Geodesy, Sample (graphics), Bennett, Asteroid, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Pajola, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Particle, Jr, Sample collection, Frequency distribution, Geology
Abstract

International audience; We manually mapped particles ranging in longest axis from 0.3 cm to 95 m on (101955) Bennu for the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) asteroid sample return mission. This enabled the mission to identify candidate sample collection sites and shed light on the processes that have shaped the surface of this rubble-pile asteroid. Building on a global survey of particles, we used higher-resolution data from regional observations to calculate particle size-frequency distributions (PSFDs) and assess the viability of four candidate sites for sample collection (presence of unobstructed particles ≤ 2 cm). The four candidate sites have common characteristics: each is situated within a crater with a relative abundance of sampleable material. Their PSFDs, however, indicate that each site has experienced different geologic processing. The PSFD power-law slopes range from −3.0 ± 0.2 to −2.3 ± 0.1 across the four sites, based on images with a 0.01-m pixel scale. These values are consistent with, or shallower than, the global survey measurements. At one site, Osprey, the particle packing density appears to reach geometric saturation. We evaluate the uncertainty in these measurements and discuss their implications for other remotely sensed and mapped particles, and their importance to OSIRIS-REx sampling operations.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Author Correction: Shape of (101955) Bennu indicative of a rubble pile with internal stiffness

Author

M. Lefevre, Aaron S. Burton, Carina Bennett, J. A. Mapel, Renu Malhotra, Peter Fleming, J. McAdams, N. Mogk, R. L. Ballouz, P. H. Smith, V. Nifo, C. K. Maleszewski, Timothy D. Swindle, E. Dotto, Stephen R. Schwartz, C. May, J. Bayron, D. Patterson, D. Guevel, Ellen S. Howell, Humberto Campins, J. Kissell, E. Brown, J. Wood, E. Muhle, John Robert Brucato, J. Small, B. Miller, Oleksiy Golubov, R. Pennington, K. Harshman, J. Nelson, Catherine Elder, M. McGee, R. Burns, J. Contreras, S. Hull, D. Kubitschek, D. Noss, Andrew J. Liounis, J. Backer, B. May, G. Fitzgibbon, J. Donaldson, D. Worden, Bashar Rizk, R. Witherspoon, Catherine L. Johnson, Erica Jawin, G. Shaw, A. Aqueche, Dolores H. Hill, D. Folta, S. Ferrone, M. Lujan, Giovanni Poggiali, B. G. Williams, S. Selznick, Melissa A. Morris, K. Rios, Sara S. Russell, D. Lambert, J. Hong, Jeffrey B. Plescia, H. Bloomenthal, D. Drinnon, Olivier S. Barnouin, Derek S. Nelson, Amanda E. Toland, Michael C. Moreau, J. A. Seabrook, K. Dill, A. Mirfakhrai, K. Hyde, J. D. P. Deshapriya, Hannah Kaplan, Timothy P. McElrath, Juliette I. Brodbeck, N. Ramos, S. Stewart, James B. Garvin, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, M. Arvizu-Jakubicki, Jason P. Dworkin, Matthew A. Siegler, Collin Lewin, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, L. Bloomquist, S. Gardner, Keiko Nakamura-Messenger, A. H. Nair, M. Schmitzer, P. Haas, Julie Bellerose, Dolan E. Highsmith, L. Koelbel, C. C. Lorentson, J. Zareski, E. Queen, S. R. Chesley, Philip A. Bland, A. Cheuvront, V. E. Hamilton, Ronald G. Mink, N. Mastrodemos, H. C. Connolly, K. Bellamy, M. Killgore, A. Gardner, Y. Takahashi, M. Lambert, R. C. Espiritu, Z. Zeszut, E. T. Morton, Kevin J. Walsh, Timothy D. Glotch, M. Skeen, Brian Kennedy, Matthew R.M. Izawa, G. Neumann, F. Teti, D. Doerres, A. Hasten, F. Ciceri, D. Howell, A. Deguzman, J. Nagy, D. Vaughan, H. Ma, C. Lantz, D. N. Brack, David K. Hammond, Erwan Mazarico, Leilah K. McCarthy, L. Rhoads, Kathleen L. Craft, C. Welch, Jay W. McMahon, C. L. Parish, D. C. Reuter, M. Giuntini, N. Castro, Clive Dickinson, J. Kreiner, K. Kingsbury, S. Dickenshied, Joseph A. Nuth, Alan R. Hildebrand, Erik Asphaug, H. Ido, Eric M. Sahr, A. Harbison, Arlin E. Bartels, T. Forrester, D. Eckart, R. Bandrowski, Michael K. Barker, Robert Gaskell, J. Wendel, S. Freund, Marc Bernacki, Ryan S. Park, A. Taylor, E. B. Bierhaus, S. Millington-Veloza, J. Stromberg, L. B. Breitenfeld, K. Stakkestad, D. Ellis, Timothy J. McCoy, M. Susak, Richard G. Cosentino, C. Manzoni, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, C. Drouet d'Aubigny, A. Bjurstrom, Masako Yoshikawa, S. Francis, J. Peachey, J. Geeraert, K. Marchese, O. Billett, M. Rascon, F. Jaen, B. Diallo, Martin Miner, Kris J. Becker, E. Mazzotta Epifani, Florian Thuillet, A. Knight, James H. Roberts, Pasquale Tricarico, Edward A. Cloutis, T. Fisher, Dale Stanbridge, A. Colpo, Osiris-Rex Team, S. Gonzales, Q. Tran, M. K. Crombie, John Marshall, N. Bojorquez-Murphy, David Vokrouhlický, Allen W. Lunsford, H. Bowles, K. L. Edmundson, R. A. Masterson, Peter G. Antreasian, N. Gorius, Benjamin Rozitis, D. Pino Muñoz, S. Carlson-Kelly, C. Thayer, J. Elsila Cook, B. C. Clark, N. Piacentine, José C. Aponte, M. Al Asad, M. A. Barucci, D. Blum, P. Falkenstern, Neil Bowles, Matthew Chojnacki, J. M. Leonard, J. Daly, K. Yetter, M. R. Fisher, Jeffrey N. Grossman, A. Boggs, N. Jayakody, Cristina A. Thomas, C.M. Ernst, Namrah Habib, J. N. Kidd, R. J. Steele, Andrew B. Calloway, Andrew Ryan, Kimberly T. Tait, Paul O. Hayne, J. Y. Li, K. L. Berry, William V. Boynton, Yanga R. Fernandez, D. A. Lorenz, M. Wasser, Daniel J. Scheeres, K. Fortney, A. Scroggins, B. Allen, B. Sutter, T. Ferro, Jonathan Joseph, Derek C. Richardson, D. Hoak, Brian Carcich, W. Chang, P. Wren, C. Boyles, Kaj E. Williams, B. Marty, J. Liang, J. Hoffman, A. Harch, Daniel R. Wibben, Jamie Molaro, S. Rieger, R. Enos, C. W. Hergenrother, Stephen R. Sutton, J. Grindlay, E. J. Lessac-Chenen, E. Huettner, C. Norman, P. Sherman, L. Swanson, M. Coltrin, S. Van wal, B. Buck, A. Fisher, Kevin Righter, Brian Rush, David D. Rowlands, Lauren McGraw, A. Levine, K. Drozd, D. Gaudreau, A. Nguyen, S. Sides, M. Chodas, R. Dubisher, B. Ashman, Michael Caplinger, Amy Simon, W. Moore, S. S. Balram-Knutson, R. Carpenter, S. Fornasier, Shogo Tachibana, Russell Turner, Ian A. Franchi, Trevor Ireland, Chloe B. Beddingfield, D. F. Everett, M. Corvin, Lindsay P. Keller, Tammy L. Becker, S. Carter, J. L. Rizos Garcia, Mark E. Perry, E. Keates, Michael C. Nolan, P. Vasudeva, C. Fellows, K. Herzog, Mark A. Jenkins, J. R. Weirich, J. Swenson, D. R. Golish, Davide Farnocchia, Lydia C. Philpott, Rebecca R. Ghent, Hannah C.M. Susorney, S. W. Squyres, Pedro Hasselmann, J. Hill, Thomas J. Zega, B. Key, Marco Delbo, A. S. French, P. Sánchez, A. Hilbert, J. Y. Pelgrift, R. P. Binzel, L. McNamara, Vishnu Reddy, Michael Daly, Scott Messenger, Daniella DellaGiustina, Maurizio Pajola, Charles Brunet, Joshua L. Bandfield, J. Padilla, A. Janakus, M. Moreau, R. Garcia, R. A. Chicoine, P. Michel, P. Kaotira, K. S. Johnson, J. Forelli, G. Miller, K. Martin, I. Galinsky, S. Desjardins, Naru Hirata, Christine Hartzell, M. L. Jones, S. Hooven, D. Velez, R. Munoz, Carolyn M. Ernst, C. Emr, N. Martinez-Vlasoff, S. Bendall, R. Zellar, E. Church, Theodore Kareta, T. Warren, P. Wolff, V. Morrison, C. Bryan, S. Bhaskaran, N. Jones, D. Hauf, Jeremy Bauman, R. T. Daly, R. Olds, M. M. Westermann, D. K. Hamara, E. Audi, G. Johnston, Eric Palmer, Courtney Mario, Daniel P. Glavin, T. Haltigin, J. Cutts, Javier Licandro, Xiao-Duan Zou, H. L. Roper, Gregory A. Neumann, William M. Owen, S. Sugita, Y. H. Tang, Kevin Burke, H. L. Enos, D. Gallagher, William F. Bottke, K. Getzandanner, Philip R. Christensen, C. W. V. Wolner, K. Fleshman, D. Poland, J. P. Emery, M.M. Riehl, D. Fennell, D. Sallitt, A. D. Rogers, M. Fitzgibbon, John H. Jones, S. Mullen, S. Salazar, S. Oliver, A. T. Polit, J. Cerna, A. Praet, Mark E. Holdridge, E. M. Ibrahim, Coralie D. Adam, J. de León, Christopher J. Miller, M. Ryle, J. Lyzhoft, M. Loveridge, C. Hoekenga, Brent J. Bos, S. Anwar, K. Chaffin, Devin L. Schrader, B. Lovelace, Romy D. Hanna, C. D. Adam, G. L. Mehall, K. L. Donaldson Hanna, F. Merlin, B. Wright, Guy Libourel, L. F. Lim, N. Shultz, Dante S. Lauretta, K. Hanley, Beth E. Clark, L. Le Corre, K. Thomas-Keprta, Moses Milazzo, W. Hagee, B. Page, M. Fisher, E. McDonough, D. Trang, S. Clemett, A. Rubi, A. Ingegneri, Scott A. Sandford, D. Dean, J. Freemantle, Michael D. Smith, Christopher W. Haberle, L. Nguyen, M. Fulchignoni, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rubble, Stiffness, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], engineering, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geotechnical engineering, medicine.symptom, Pile, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Reconstruction of Bennu Particle Events From Sparse Data

Author

Andrew J. Liounis, Coralie D. Adam, Leilah K. McCarthy, Dante S. Lauretta, Carl Hergenrother, Brent J. Bos, Eric M. Sahr, Jason M. Leonard, J. Y. Pelgrift, E. J. Lessac-Chenen, Derek S. Nelson, and Michael C. Moreau

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Astronomy, Astrophysics, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Noon, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QB1-991, Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects, Instruments and Techniques, Asteroids: Satellites, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Asteroids, lcsh:Geology, Exploration of the Activity of Asteroid (101955) Bennu, Asteroid, Solar time, Physics::Space Physics, Orbit (dynamics), Trajectory, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Particle, Other, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Orbit determination, Event (particle physics), Natural Hazards, Research Article
Abstract

OSIRIS‐REx began observing particle ejection events shortly after entering orbit around near‐Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in January 2019. For some of these events, the only observations of the ejected particles come from the first two images taken immediately after the event by OSIRIS‐REx's NavCam 1 imager. Without three or more observations of each particle, traditional orbit determination is not possible. However, by assuming that the particles all ejected at the same time and location for a given event, and approximating that their velocities remained constant after ejection (a reasonable approximation for fast‐moving particles, i.e., with velocities on the order of 10 cm/s or greater, given Bennu's weak gravity), we show that it is possible to estimate the particles' states from only two observations each. We applied this newly developed technique to reconstruct the particle ejection events observed by the OSIRIS‐REx spacecraft during orbit about Bennu. Particles were estimated to have ejected with inertial velocities ranging from 7 cm/s to 3.3 m/s, leading to a variety of trajectory types. Most (>80%) of the analyzed events were estimated to have originated from midlatitude regions and to have occurred after noon (local solar time), between 12:44 and 18:52. Comparison with higher‐fidelity orbit determination solutions for the events with sufficient observations demonstrates the validity of our approach and also sheds light on its biases. Our technique offers the capacity to meaningfully constrain the properties of particle ejection events from limited data., Key Points We show how Bennu's particle ejection events can be reconstructed using only two observationsFor each event, we estimate the particle velocities and ejection locationVelocities ranged from 7 cm/s to 3.3 m/s, and most observed events took place after noon

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. In-Flight Calibration and Performance of the OSIRIS-REx Touch And Go Camera System (TAGCAMS)

Author

William M. Owen, K. Getzandanner, L. T. Seals, M. A. Ravine, J. Hikes, D. LeDuc, K. E. Gordon, K. Alkiek, J. N. Kidd, J. Y. Pelgrift, K. Drozd, J. Butt, Brent J. Bos, E. C. A. Church, Arlin E. Bartels, Conor O. Haney, R. Witherspoon, Coralie D. Adam, C. D. Norman, Rajendra Bhatt, Michael Caplinger, Eric M. Sahr, L. R. Chevres-Fernandez, David R. Doelling, Dante S. Lauretta, C. W. May, D. Huish, Andrew J. Liounis, Derek S. Nelson, Michael C. Moreau, Konstantin V. Khlopenkov, A. Wolfram, and R. Olds

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spacecraft, Pixel, Computer science, business.industry, Point source, Image quality, Stray light, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sample return mission, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Touch And Go Camera System (TAGCAMS) is a three-camera-head instrument onboard NASA’s OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission spacecraft. The purpose of TAGCAMS is to facilitate navigation to the target asteroid, (101955) Bennu; confirm acquisition of the asteroid sample; document asteroid sample stowage; and provide supplementary imaging for OSIRIS-REx science investigations. During the almost two-year OSIRIS-REx outbound cruise phase we pursued nine TAGCAMS imaging campaigns to check, calibrate and characterize the camera system’s performance before asteroid arrival and proximity operations began in late 2018. The TAGCAMS in-flight calibration dataset provides the relevant information to enable the three cameras to complete their primary observation goals during asteroid operations. The key performance parameters that we investigated in flight included: linearity, responsivity (both point source and extended body), dark current, hot pixels, pointing, image geometry transformation, image quality and stray light. Analyses of the in-flight performance either confirmed the continued applicability of the TAGCAMS ground test results or substantially improved upon the ground test knowledge. In addition, the TAGCAMS calibration observations identified the source of a spacecraft outgassing feature that guided successful remediation efforts prior to asteroid arrival.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Episodes of particle ejection from the surface of the active asteroid (101955) Bennu

Author

Christine Hartzell, Guy Libourel, Bashar Rizk, Jian-Yang Li, Daniel J. Scheeres, David Vokrouhlický, C. Drouet d'Aubigny, Derek S. Nelson, Y. Takahashi, Robert A. Jacobson, Michael C. Moreau, Harold C. Connolly, Eric M. Sahr, William F. Bottke, J. A. Seabrook, J. Y. Pelgrift, Leilah K. McCarthy, J. M. Leonard, Ben Rozitis, Kris J. Becker, S. Selznick, J. de León, Josh Emery, Humberto Campins, Javier Licandro, Carl Hergenrother, Erica Jawin, Marina Brozovic, M. Al Asad, A. B. Davis, Florian Thuillet, Jamie Molaro, Pasquale Tricarico, E. J. Lessac-Chenen, Peter G. Antreasian, Jason P. Dworkin, C. K. Maleszewski, Davide Farnocchia, Carina Bennett, Jay W. McMahon, C. Manzoni, C. W. V. Wolner, Steven R. Chesley, P. Michel, Peter Jenniskens, Andrew J. Liounis, J. N. Kidd, Ronald-Louis Ballouz, Dathon Golish, Michael Daly, Daniella DellaGiustina, Daniel P. Glavin, H. L. Roper, William M. Owen, Coralie D. Adam, Brent J. Bos, B. May, Dante S. Lauretta, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. of Physics, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), IHU-LIRYC, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon [Mexique] (UANL), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de physique de l'état condensé (LPEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), Dipartimento di Matematica, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Université de Washington Seattle, University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institute of Astronomy, Charles University [Prague] (CU), ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Central Florida [Orlando], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie [Hôpital Saint-Louis], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRe), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague], and ANR: 15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015)

Subjects
Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Origin of water on Earth, Population, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Meteoroid, Spacecraft, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, 13. Climate action, Asteroid, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Solar time, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Orbit determination, Geology
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Active asteroids are small bodies in the Solar System that show ongoing mass loss, such as the ejection of dust, which may be caused by large impacts, volatile release, or rotational acceleration. Studying them informs our understanding of the evolution and destruction of asteroids and the origin of volatile materials such as water on Earth. The OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) spacecraft has rendezvoused with the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu. The selection of Bennu as the OSIRIS-REx target was partially based on its spectral similarity to some active asteroids. Observations designed to detect mass loss at Bennu were conducted from Earth and during the spacecraft’s approach, but no signs of asteroid activity were found. However, when the spacecraft entered orbit in January 2019, we serendipitously observed particles in the vicinity of Bennu that had apparently been ejected from its surface. RATIONALE We analyzed the properties and behavior of particles ejected from Bennu to determine the possible mechanisms of ejection and provide understanding of the broader population of active asteroids. Images obtained by the spacecraft indicate multiple discrete ejection events with a range of energies and resultant particle trajectories. We characterized three large ejection events that respectively occurred on 6 January, 19 January, and 11 February 2019. Tracking of individual particles across multiple images by means of optical navigation techniques provided the initial conditions for orbit determination modeling. By combining these approaches, we estimated the locations and times of ejection events and determined initial velocity vectors of particles. We estimated the particle sizes and the minimum energies of the ejection events using a particle albedo and density consistent with observations of Bennu. RESULTS Particles with diameters from 3 m s–1. Estimated energies ranged from 270 mJ for the 6 January event to 8 mJ for the 11 February event. The three events arose from widely separated sites, which do not show any obvious geological distinction from the rest of Bennu’s surface. However, these events all occurred in the late afternoon, between about 15:00 and 18:00 local solar time. In addition to discrete ejection events, we detected a persistent background of particles in the Bennu environment. Some of these background particles have been observed to persist on temporary orbits that last several days—in one case, with a semimajor axis >1 km. The orbital characteristics of these gravitationally bound objects make it possible to determine the ratio of their cross-sectional area to their mass. Combined with their photometric phase functions, this information constrains the parameter space of the particles’ diameters, densities, and albedos. CONCLUSION Plausible mechanisms for the large ejection events include thermal fracturing, volatile release through dehydration of phyllosilicates, and meteoroid impacts. The late-afternoon timing of the events is consistent with any of these mechanisms. Bennu’s boulder geology indicates that thermal fracturing, perhaps enhanced by volatile release, could occur on the asteroid surface. Smaller events, especially those that occur on the night side of Bennu, could be attributable to reimpacting particles. Our observations classify Bennu as an active asteroid. Active asteroids are commonly identified by major mass loss events observable with telescopes, on scales much greater than we observed at Bennu. Our findings indicate that there is a continuum of mass loss event magnitudes among active asteroids.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results