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Hempseed cake is a byproduct of hempseed oil extraction and is potentially a useful source of protein and fiber for use in ruminant diets. However, data are lacking on the appearance and/or clearance of cannabinoids in tissues of animals fed hempseed cake. To this end, a rapid method for quantifying cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinolic acid (CBNA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in cattle tissues, plasma, and urine was developed using rapid screen electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RS-ESI-MS). Regression coefficients of matrix-matched standard curves ranged from 0.9946 to0.9999 and analyte recoveries averaged from 90.2 ± 15.5 to 108.7 ± 18.7% across all compounds. Limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.05 to 2.79 ng · mL

Renewable 3-allyl-5-vinylveratrole (AVV) has been evaluated and classified as a biobased cross-linkable vinyl monomer in free-radical chain polymerization. AVV can be readily synthesized in four st...

As the hemp industry continues to develop in the United States, there is an increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. A completely randomized design experiment using crossbred finishing heifers (initial body weight [BW] ± SE = 494 ± 10 kg) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding hempseed cake in a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) formulated to meet or exceed ruminally degradable and metabolizable protein requirements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and plasma parameters. Dietary treatments were the inclusion of 20% (dry matter [DM] basis) of dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS, n = 16) or hempseed cake (HEMP, n = 15). Cattle were housed in two pens, had ad libitum access to feed and water, and individual intakes and feeding behavior were monitored using the Insentec feeding system. Cattle were fed treatment diets for 111 d, and every 14 d BW were measured and blood samples were collected. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea nitrogen, and individual amino acids, and results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis in SAS. Final BW, average daily gain, gain:feed, and hot carcass weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 2.3%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 2.6%, respectively, in heifers fed the HEMP diet than in heifers fed the DDGS diet. Net energy for maintenance and gain (Mcal/kg of feed, DM basis), estimated based on heifer intake and performance, were greater (P = 0.02) for the DDGS diet than for the HEMP diet. All other performance and carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. Heifers fed the HEMP diet had greater (P 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentration in samples from each collection day compared with heifers fed the DDGS diet, although there was a treatment-by-day interaction (P 0.01) because of variability in the magnitude of treatment differences over time. Plasma glucose concentration was not influenced (P = 0.17) by dietary treatment. Plasma concentrations of total amino acids, nonessential amino acids, and essential amino acids were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.09), although there were several interactions between treatment and day (P ≤ 0.04) for individual amino acids. These data suggest that hempseed cake has a lower net energy for maintenance and gain relative to DDGS when adequate metabolizable protein is supplied, while still providing adequate nutrition to support the acceptable performance of finishing cattle.This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of hempseed cake in comparison with dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters in finishing heifers. Angus-crossbred heifers were assigned randomly to one of two treatments (20% hempseed cake [HEMP] or 20% DDGS; dry matter basis) and were fed for 111 d until slaughter. Heifers receiving the DDGS treatment had greater final body weights, average daily gain, gain efficiency, dietary concentration of net energy for maintenance and gain, and carcass weight than heifers fed the HEMP treatment. All other carcass characteristics, as well as feeding behavior, were not influenced by treatment. Plasma urea nitrogen was greater in heifers fed the HEMP diet compared with the DDGS diet, while glucose was not influenced by treatment. Several plasma amino acid concentrations were influenced by treatment. Although the inclusion of hempseed cake decreased growth performance, it could be a viable alternative feed source for cattle.

The invention relates to curable non-isocyanate polyurethane coating compositions which is the reaction product of a polycarbamate resin and a dialdehyde. The invention also relates to methods of making and using the curable coating compositions of the invention. The invention also relates to objects coated with the curable coating composition of the invention

A series of renewable novel bicyclic AB type polyester precursors have been prepared in good overall yield from lignocellulosic biomass. These advancements take full advantage of the differing oxidation states of functional groups in 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural by chemoselective preparation of furanic hydroxy esters and applying benzyne-Diels–Alder cycloaddition/aromatization strategies.

A concise series of renewable vinyl compounds has been prepared from benign biosourced precursors, vanillin and eugenol, in fair overall yield. These were evaluated against styrene as reactive diluents in a renewable high-performance vinyl ester resin thermoset: dimethacrylated-epoxidized-sucrose-soyate (DMESS). Each diluent contained a 1,2-dimethoxybenzene or veratrole core structure that connotes a decreased vapor pressure and thereby reduced exposure hazard. Viscosities for formulations (10, 20, and 30% by weight of diluents) with styrene and all three veratrole-diluents were evaluated. Veratrole-diluents were comparable to styrene at similar molar concentration. Thermosets formulated with 30% by weight of diluents were prepared and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA); the most promising thermoset was prepared using 3-allyl-1,2-dimethoxy-5-vinylbenzene-diluted-DMESS and closely matched the performance...

Synthesis of degradable polymers from renewable resources has been a promising way to replace nonrenewable fossil fuel derived polymers motivated by environmental sustainability. Poly(silylether)s (PSEs) are a specific type of environmentally degradable polymer with many potential applications. A series of PSEs have been synthesized (Mn up to 25 000 g/mol) from biorenewable feedstocks, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its derivatives 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, 2,5-diformylfuran, and 5,5′-[oxybis(methylene)]di(2-furaldehyde). The polymerization reactions employ a versatile, air-stable manganese salen complex, which catalyzes both the dehydrogenative cross-coupling of hydroxyls with hydrosilanes and the hydrosilylation of carbonyls. The chemical and thermal characterization of PSEs was carried out by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.

Indulin AT Kraft lignin has been chemically modified without a catalyst by reaction with t-butyl acetoacetate. Elucidation and quantification of the modified lignin structure has been facilitated by employing a series of readily prepared model compounds which isolate three of the major hydroxyl containing moieties characteristic of lignin.

A series of structural analogues of the TRPM8 agonist icilin was prepared. The compounds were examined for their ability to exert agonist or antagonist effects in HEK-293 cells expressing the TRPM8 receptor. Most structural modifications of the icilin structure largely met with diminished TRPM8 agonist activity. Cinnamamide 'open-chain' analogs of icilin, however, demonstrated significant antagonistic actions at the TRPM8 receptor. Optimal potency (IC50 = 73 nM) was observed in the 3-iodo derivative 181. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.