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During the last decades, organizations within the manufacturing sector have undergone a fundamental digital transformation. The transition has led to increased efficiency, improved communication and a smoother workflow. Despite comprehensive research surrounding the organizational benefits, there still exists challenges for the employees. The purpose of this thesis therefore is to identify the potential challenges that individuals might encounter when organizations choose to implement digital versions of their work instructions. This study has examined this phenomenon through a literature review in combination with an empirical study on a medium-sized manufacturing firm within Sweden. Through 14 semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed with the help of thematic analysis, this thesis achieved an overarching understanding of the potential challenges, from the perspective of the individuals. The study found four main themes connected to challenge, namely change, knowledge, infrastructure and implementation. Change includes the internal resistance against radical changes, changes within the procedures and practices and how the communication is handled. Knowledge involves the lack of cumulative knowledge within the organization and how the knowledge is spread. Infrastructure encapsulates challenges connected to the digital infrastructure, access to the necessary tools and the technical support from the organization. Challenges associated with implementation can be connected to how the organization handles their planning, how the system is designed and time management. The discussion indicates that organizations need to manage these challenges to minimize frustrations and burn-out among the employees. This requires both the understanding of the challenges, and a robust strategy for digitalization within the organization., Under de senaste decennierna har organisationer inom tillverkningsindustrin genomgått en grundläggande digital transformation. Övergången har inneburit en ökning av effektivitet, förbättring av den interna kommunikationen samt ett smidigare arbetsflöde. Trots omfattande forskning kring organisatoriska fördelar med digitalisering, existerar det fortfarande utmaningar för de anställda. Syftet med denna avhandling är därför att identifiera potentiella utmaningar som individer kan stöta på när organisationer väljer att implementera digitala versioner av sina arbetsinstruktioner. Denna studie har undersökt detta fenomen genom en grundläggande litteraturstudie i kombination med en empirisk studie på ett medelstort tillverkande företag i Sverige. Genom att genomföra 14 semistrukturerade intervjuer, som analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys, uppnådde avhandlingen en övergripande förståelse för de potentiella utmaningarna, från ett individperspektiv. Studien upptäckte fyra huvudområden kopplade till utmaningar, nämligen förändring, kunskap, infrastruktur och implementering. Förändring inkluderar det interna motståndet mot radikala förändringar, förändringar i arbetssätt samt hur kommunikationen hanteras. Kunskap handlar om bristen av kumulativ kunskap inom organisationen samt hur organisationen hanterar fördelningen av kunskap. Infrastruktur omfattar utmaningar kopplat till den digitala infrastrukturen, tillgången till nödvändiga verktyg samt avsaknaden av tekniskt stöd från organisationen. Utmaningar vid implementeringen kan kopplas till hur organisationen hanterar planeringen, hur systemet är designat och tidshantering. Slutsatsen indikerar att organisationer behöver hantera individernas utmaningar för att minimera frustrationer och utbrändhet bland de anställda. Hanteringen kräver både en förståelse för vilka hinder som existerar, samt en robust strategi för digitalisering inom organisationen.

Background After completing university education, biomedical laboratory scientists work in clinical laboratories, in biomedical research laboratories, in biotech, and in pharmaceutical companies. Laboratory diagnostics have undergone rapid development over the recent years, with the pace showing no signs of abatement. This rapid development challenges the competence of the staff and will most certainly influence the education of future staff. This study aimed to examine what was considered the necessary competencies needed to pursue a career as a biomedical laboratory scientist. Methods A modified Delphi technique was used, with the panel of experts expressing their views in a series of three questionnaire. Consensus was defined as the point which 75 % or more of the panel participants agreed that a particular competency was necessary. Results The study highlights the perceived importance of mostly generic competencies that relate to quality, quality assurance, and accuracy, as well as different aspects of safety, respect, trustworthiness (towards patients/clients and colleagues), and communication skills. The results also stress the significance of self-awareness and professionality. Conclusions We identified important competencies for biomedical laboratory scientists. Together with complementary information from other sources, i.e., guidelines, laws, and scientific publications, the competencies identified can be used as learning outcomes in a competency-based education to provide students with all the competencies needed to work as professional biomedical laboratory scientists.