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The article discusses the features of temperament and its indicators in firefighters of different groups of professionalism. Temperament is understood in accordance with the formal-dynamic concept of V. M. Rusalov, which highlights the formal-dynamic properties of the individual: ergic, plasticity, speed, emotionality. The sample consisted of 210 firefighters, divided into three groups of professionalism: firefighters-mentors, firefighters of the 1st class, firefighters of the 2nd class. A questionnaire for determining V. M.’s temperament was used. Rusalova, methods of mathematical statistics: the Kruskal-Wallace method and ANOVA analysis of variance. The features of the development of temperament indicators in various groups of firefighters are revealed. The main results of the study are described, indicating that there are indicators (social tempo, tempo, social ergicity, ergicity) that are common to all groups of firefighters. At the same time, some indicators of temperament (social plasticity and emotionality) differ in severity in certain groups of firefighters: social plasticity dominates in class 2 firefighters, and emotionality – in class 1 firefighters.

Abstract—The possibility of remote studying the electromagnetic and ionospheric effects of the eruption of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022 is demonstrated. At distances up to 15000 km from the source, geomagnetic variations associated with Schuman resonance (SR) perturbations, propagation of Lamb wave and acoustic-gravity waves were detected. It is shown that the formation of a high-power source of thunderstorm activity caused by the eruption resulted in a significant (more than threefold) increase in the amplitude of geomagnetic disturbances at SR frequencies, which correlates with the number of lightning events. The effect of the eruption on the frequency characteristics of the SR was not detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]