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PDF file - 65K, Supplemental Figure 1. Body and prostate gland weights of C57BL/6J and TRAMP mice: A. Body weight change of C57BL/6J. B. Prostate weight of C57BL/6J. C. Body weight change of TRAMP. D. Prostate weight of TRAMP. Supplemental Figure 2. Mean distribution-adjusted lesion grade of different lobes (anterior, dorsal, lateral and ventral) of the prostate in control TRAMP mice and mice treated with low, medium and high doses of Polyphenon E.

Prostate cancer treatment is often accompanied by untoward side effects. Therefore, chemoprevention to reduce the risk and inhibit the progression of prostate cancer may be an effective approach to reducing disease burden. We investigated the safety and efficacy of Polyphenon E, a green tea extract, in reducing the progression of prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. A total of 119 male TRAMP and 119 C57BL/6J mice were treated orally with one of 3 doses of Polyphenon E (200, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) in drinking water ad libitum replicating human achievable doses. Baseline assessments were performed before treatments. Safety and efficacy assessments during treatments were performed when mice were 12, 22, and 32 weeks old. The number and size of tumors in treated TRAMP mice were significantly decreased compared with untreated animals. In untreated 32 weeks old TRAMP mice, prostate carcinoma metastasis to distant sites was observed in 100% of mice (8/8), compared with 13% of mice (2/16) treated with high-dose Polyphenon E during the same period. Furthermore, Polyphenon E treatment significantly inhibited metastasis in TRAMP mice in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.0003). Long-term (32 weeks) treatment with Polyphenon E was safe and well tolerated with no evidence of toxicity in C57BL/6J mice. Polyphenon E is an effective chemopreventive agent in preventing the progression of prostate cancer to metastasis in TRAMP mice. Polyphenon E showed no toxicity in these mouse models. Our findings provide additional evidence for the safety and chemopreventive effect of Polyphenon E in preventing metastatic progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 7(4); 435–44. ©2014 AACR.

Supplementary Table 2. Indolent versus aggressive disease analysis. Supplementary Table 3. Geometric mean PSA levels by genotype in cases and controls. Supplementary Table 4. Association of miRSNPs with prostate cancer risk in different age categories. Supplementary Table 5. Association of miRSNPs with expression of genes located in cis using TCGA SNP array and RNASeq data. Supplementary Figure 2. miRNA target reporter vector assays. Supplementary Figure 3. miR-3162-5p is expressed in prostate and prostate cancer-derived cell lines as well as in prostate cancer patient tissue samples.

Supplementary Table 1. Prostate cancer risk estimates for 2169 putative miRSNPs.

Supplementary Figure 1. Forest Plot (Fixed effects model) of the 22 prostate cancer risk associated miRSNPs.

PDF file - 58K

Economic growth which is considered as one of the best indicator of measuring the robustness of every economy is essential in understanding its relationship with unemployment which is an important macroeconomic indicator that reflects the incompetence of any economy to make full use of its human resources. Hence, a macro-economic secondary and time series data was extracted from the World Development Indicator (WDI) for the period of 1991-2018 in China. In conducting the econometric analysis of the study, both the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test and Phillips Perron Test were employed to test and confirm the stationary level of the variables of study; the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) cointegration and the ARDL Bounds test were employed to test for the short-run and the long-run cointegration of the variables of study since both variable were stationary at first difference I (1). The finding of the study reveals that there are negative short-run and a longrun relationship between unemployment and economic growth. However, Granger causality Test also reveals that both unemployment and economic growth do not impact each other, {"references":["Abdul-Khaliq, S., Soufan, T., &Shihab, R. A. (2014). The Relationship between Unemployment and Economic Growth Rate in Arab Country. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 56-59.","Adarkwa, S., Donkor, F., &Kyei, E. (2017). The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Ghana: Which Economic Sector Matters Most? The International Journal Of Business & Management, 1-3.","Ademola, A. S., &Badiru, A. (2016). The impact of unemployment and inflation on economic growth in Nigeria (1981-2014). International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 47-55","] Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. (2009). The Economics of Growth. London: The MIT Press","Al-Habees, M. A., &Rumman, M. A. (2012). The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth in Jordan and Some Arab Countries. World Applied Sciences Journal, 673-680.","Alli, B. O. (2001). Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety. Geneva: International Labour Office.","Anghel, M.-G., Anghelache, C., &Manole, A. (2017). The effect of unemployment on economic growth. Romanian Statistical Review, 174-186.","Baah-Boateng, W. (2015). Unemployment in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from Demand and Supply Perspectives. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 1-16."]}

This study investigates the characteristics of ROSCA participants in Ghana, evidence from Asunafo North Municipality of Ghana. Open and closed ended questionnaire were administered to 400 ROSCA participants. Both purposive and convenient sampling techniques were employed for the study. it was found that females, married individuals, people with no or low level of education, people who are not financially constraint, the poor and people who receives extra financial assistance are the main characteristics of ROSCA participants in Ghana, {"references":["Ambec, S., & Treich, N. (2007). Roscas as financial agreements to cope with self-control problems. Journal of development Economics, 82(1), 120-137.","Anderson, S., & Baland, J.-M. (2002). The economics of roscas and intrahousehold resource allocation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3), 963-995","Agegnehu, B. (2012). Why do members join indigenous informal financial institutions-RoSCAs?","Ardener, S. (1964). The comparative study of rotating credit associations. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 94(2), 201-229.","Aryeetey, E., & Hyuha, M. (1990). Informal financial institutions and markets in Africa: An empirical study. Paper presented at the A Paper Presented at the IBRD African Economic Conference, Nairobi.","Aryeetey, E., & Udry, C. (1997). The characteristics of informal financial markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. Paper presented at the Journal of African Economies.","Aryeetey, E. B.-D., & Aryeetey, E. (1996). Operation, Utilization and Change in Rotating Susu Savings in Ghana: Institute of Statistical Social & Economic Research Univers. bank, w. (1989). word bank report."]}

The study examines the determinants of economically active children between the ages of 5-14-years in Ghana using data from the 2012/2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey.The regional and occupational distribution as well as the gender dimensions of economically active children in Ghana are examined in the study. Using a probit model the paper finds out that variables such as mother’s presence in the household, child’s educational status, father’s education, household’s ownership of land, urban-rural residence, religion and regional dummies significantly influence the occurrence of child work. However, variables such as the gender of the child, father’s presence in the household and the education of the mother were insignificant in determining child work.The study could not establish the evidence that supports the gender gap in the literature that boys are more economically active than girls as the results from the probit estimates suggest the gender of the child is insignificant in determining economically active children., {"references":["Ahmed, I. (1999). \"Getting rid of child labour.\" Economic and Political Weekly: 1815-1822","Akarro, R. R. J. and N. A. Mtweve (2011). \"Poverty and its association with child labour in Njombe District in Tanzania: The case of Igima Ward.\" Curr. Res. J. Soc. Sci 3(3): 199-206","Ali, K. and A. Hamid (1999). \"Major determinants of female child labour in urban Multan (PunjabPakistan).","Aqil, Zahid (2012). \"Nexus between Poverty & Child Labour: Measuring the Impact of Poverty Alleviation on Child Labour\". Good Thinkers Organization for Human Development, Kasur","Baffour, P. T. (2015). \"Determinants of Urban Worker Earnings in Ghana: The Role of Education.\" Modern Economy 6(12): 1240","Basu, K. (1999). \"Child labor: cause, consequence, and cure, with remarks on international labor standards.\" Journal of Economic literature 37(3): 1083-1119","Basu, K. and P. H. Van (1998). \"The economics of child labor.\" American economic review: 412-427","Baum, C. L. and C. J. Ruhm (2016). \"The Changing Benefits of Early Work Experience.\" Southern Economic Journal 83(2): 343-363."]}

The study examines the effects of early work experiences on the income of individuals at adulthood. The effect of age at first work of adults who were economically active when they were between the ages of 5 and 14 years on their income at adulthood is elucidated. Thus, the study seeks to find out whether adults who were economically active when they were children between the ages of 5 and 14 years have higher income levels than adults who were not economically active when they were children. Using the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey, adults who worked when they were 5 to 14 years old are selected and a robust regression analysis is conducted to follow up on the effects of their early work experiences on their income levels at adulthood.Using a robust Ordinary Least Square model, the study observes that early work experiences reduce the income levels of individuals at adulthood. The Ghanaian data, which is the 2012/2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey used in the study shows t, {"references":["Ahituv, Avner, Marta Tienda, and V. Joseph Hotz. 1997. \"Pathways from School to Work amongBlack, Hispanic and White Young Men in the 1980s.\" Unpublished manuscript, PrincetonUniversity.","Ahituv, Avner, Marta Tienda, and Angela Tsay. 1998. \"Early Employment Activity and SchoolContinuation Decisions of Young White, Black and Hispanic Women.\" Unpublishedmanuscript, Princeton University","Alon, Sigal, and Marta Tienda. \"Employment and Wage Consequences of Young Women's LaborForce and Job Transitions.\" Office of Population Research. Working Paper No. 2000-1.May, 2000.","Ahmed, I. (1999). \"Getting rid of child labour.\" Economic and Political Weekly: 1815-1822.","Akarro, R. R. J. and N. A. Mtweve (2011). \"Poverty and its association with child labour in Njombe District in Tanzania: The case of Igima Ward.\" Curr. Res. J. Soc. Sci 3(3): 199-206.","Ali, K. and A. Hamid (1999). \"Major determinants of female child labour in urban Multan (PunjabPakistan).","Aqil, Zahid (2012). \"Nexus between Poverty & Child Labour: Measuring the Impact of Poverty Alleviation on Child Labour\". Good Thinkers Organization for Human Development, Kasur."]}

Children with relapsed/refractory central nervous system (CNS) tumors require novel combinations of therapies. Irinotecan and temozolomide (IT) is a frequently used therapy with an established toxicity profile. Bevacizumab is an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody with demonstrated activity in CNS tumors. Therefore, the combination of these agents has therapeutic potential in CNS tumors. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of escalating dose IT combined with a fixed dose of bevacizumab (BIT) in children with relapsed/refractory CNS tumors.A phase I trial was performed in a 3 + 3 design. Therapy toxicities and radiologic responses to treatment were described.One hundred eighty cycles of therapy were administered to 26 patients. The MTD of BIT was dose level 1, (bevacizumab 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 15, irinotecan 125 mg/mAt the MTD, BIT therapy was well tolerated, and prolonged treatment courses of up to 24 cycles were feasible, with radiographic responses observed. Further evaluation is needed for efficacy in a phase II trial (NCT00876993, registered April 7, 2009, www.gov ).

Clinical experience suggests that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs commonly in infants with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). However, this is an understudied topic and prospective studies are absent. We determine the prevalence of GERD in infants with CMT, comparing clinical characteristics between CMT infants with and without GERD, and identifying infants with potentially undiagnosed GERD.A prospective cohort study of 155 infants with CMT younger than 12 months with and without GERD was evaluated by pediatric physical therapists.GERD prevalence was 30.3%, including 6 (3.9%) infants with undiagnosed GERD. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in CMT infants with and without GERD.This is the first prospective cohort study determining the prevalence of GERD in infants referred for evaluation of CMT. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether early intervention and treatment of GERD improves outcomes in infants with CMT (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A369).

Background: A more complete understanding of associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) and 30-day readmission or emergency department (ED) use following hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) will facilitate development of targeted interventions and root cause policies to reduce readmissions. Methods: We analyzed 753 adults ≥65 years with linked Medicare data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study who were discharged from the hospital after an adjudicated AMI between 2003-19. We selected SDOH (race, education, income, Medicare+Medicaid, zip code with high poverty, rural residence, living in a Health Professional Shortage Area, and social support) with relative risk for readmission/ED use >1. We grouped participants into 0 or 1, 2, 3, and 4+ SDOH. Poisson models examined crude and fully adjusted associations on risk for readmission/ED visit within 30 days. Results: Participant characteristics: 40% were women, mean age was 77 years, and 29% were readmitted or had an ED visit within 30 days. Compared to those without readmission/ED visit, those readmitted had more cognitive impairment (17 vs 10%) and depressive symptoms (57 vs. 46%); were more likely to be hospitalized in the year prior to AMI (42 vs 28%) and have adjudicated heart failure at index AMI (36 vs 25%); and were less likely to have a physician visit within 10 days (41 vs 32%) and 30 days (0/1 SDOH: 79%, 2: 73%, 3: 66%, 4+: 60%, p trend < 0.0001) (all contrast p Conclusion: 4+ SDOH were associated with higher risk of readmission/ED visit after AMI. Those with the greatest burden of SDOH were also least likely to follow up within 10 or 30 days. Policies such as the American College of Cardiology’s “See You in 7 Challenge” program may be even more effective at reducing readmission after MI if specifically targeted at patients with high burden of SDOH.