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1. Mangrove mapping using Sentinel-1 data for improved decision support on sustainable conservation and restoration interventions in the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site, Ghana

Author

Ernest G. Foli, Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard, Emmanuel Acheampong, Winston Asante, George Ashiagbor, and Eric Kwabena Forkuo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Decision support system, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Distribution (economics), Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Training (civil), Conservation, Ramsar site, Geography, Key informants, Satellite data, Mangrove, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Despite the conservation importance of the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site (KLCRS), obtaining information on the extent and distribution of mangroves is challenging due to the unavailability of optical satellite data. This research explored Sentinel-1 radar data to provide information on mangrove distribution in the KLCRS. Global positioning system points from 443 training and 196 validation sites were used. In addition, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to corroborate information on mangrove distribution. Sentinel-1 data were processed for backscatter coefficients and two backscatter derivatives. These were stacked into a four-layer image composite and classified using a support vector machine. An overall classification accuracy of 89.28% was obtained. In addition, user and producer accuracies of 100 and 97.3% respectively were obtained for the mangrove class. The results show that mangroves occupy a total area of 41.02 km2 in the KLCRS and are mostly found around the Salo, Bomigo, Anyanui and Dzita communities. This study demonstrates the possibility of using Sentinel-1 imagery to map mangroves within the KLCRS. Thus, this study serves as a guideline for other data-constrained mangrove landscapes to map and monitor mangroves for conservation and restoration actions.

Published
2021
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2. Resistance of African tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

Author

Hans Verbeeck, Jacques Mukinzi, Hermann Taedoumg, Connie J. Clark, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Peter M. Umunay, John R. Poulsen, John T. Woods, Pascal Boeckx, Armandu K. Daniels, Vianet Mihindu, David Harris, Yannick Enock Bocko, Serge K. Begne, Thalès de Haulleville, Greta C. Dargie, C. Amani, Terry Sunderland, Miguel E. Leal, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Elizabeth Kearsley, Terry Brncic, Suspense Averti Ifo, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Jean-Louis Doucet, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Yadvinder Malhi, Jefferson S. Hall, Vincent P. Medjibe, Olivier J. Hardy, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jean-Remy Makana, Darlington Tuagben, Jan Reitsma, Natacha Nssi Begone, Bonaventure Sonké, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Sam Moore, Jan Bogaert, Joey Talbot, Lise Zemagho, Marie-Noël Djuikouo Kamdem, Eric Chezeaux, Declan L. M. Cooper, Christelle Gonmadje, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Faustin Mbayu Lukasu, Amy C. Bennett, Hannsjoerg Woell, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lee J. T. White, Lindsay F. Banin, Hans Beeckman, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Simon L. Lewis, Wannes Hubau, Jason Vleminckx, Aurora Levesley, Corneille E. N. Ewango, and Ernest G. Foli

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, DIVERSITY, drought, 01 natural sciences, Trees, BIOMASS, Soil respiration, CARBON STORAGE, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Ecology, PRODUCTIVITY, Biological Sciences, Droughts, GROWTH, TREES, CO2, Seasons, ENSO, Biologie, SOIL RESPIRATION, El Nino, Rainforest, Climate Change, MODELS, Climate change, Ecology and Environment, Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, carbon cycle, Humans, El Niño, Precipitation, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, temperature, Tropics, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, cavelab, Environmental science, Tropical rainforest
Abstract

The responses of tropical forests to environmental change are critical uncertainties in predicting the future impacts of climate change. The positive phase of the 2015–2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation resulted in unprecedented heat and low precipitation in the tropics with substantial impacts on the global carbon cycle. The role of African tropical forests is uncertain as their responses to short-term drought and temperature anomalies have yet to be determined using on-the-ground measurements. African tropical forests may be particularly sensitive because they exist in relatively dry conditions compared with Amazonian or Asian forests, or they may be more resistant because of an abundance of drought-adapted species. Here, we report responses of structurally intact old-growth lowland tropical forests inventoried within the African Tropical Rainforest Observatory Network (AfriTRON). We use 100 long-term inventory plots from six countries each measured at least twice prior to and once following the 2015–2016 El Niño event. These plots experienced the highest temperatures and driest conditions on record. The record temperature did not significantly reduce carbon gains from tree growth or significantly increase carbon losses from tree mortality, but the record drought did significantly decrease net carbon uptake. Overall, the long-term biomass increase of these forests was reduced due to the El Niño event, but these plots remained a live biomass carbon sink (0.51 ± 0.40 Mg C ha −1 y −1 ) despite extreme environmental conditions. Our analyses, while limited to African tropical forests, suggest they may be more resistant to climatic extremes than Amazonian and Asian forests., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

3. Perceptions and knowledge on climate change in local communities in the Offinso Municipality, Ghana

Author

Margaret Sraku-Lartey, Daniel Buor, Ernest G. Foli, and Prince Osei-Wusu Adjei

Subjects
business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Climate change, Library and Information Sciences, Geography, Agriculture, Perception, 0502 economics and business, 050211 marketing, 0509 other social sciences, Traditional knowledge, 050904 information & library sciences, business, Socioeconomics, media_common
Abstract

Climate change is considered to be a significant threat that faces mankind in this century. In Ghana, it is expected to have a significant effect on agriculture and other climate dependent livelihoods in all ten regions of the country. The development and implementation of policies on climate change in Ghana require the incorporation of local people’s perception and knowledge of the risks they are exposed to. A study to assess the perceptions and knowledge of climate change was undertaken in the Offinso Municipality in Ghana. The study used a cross-sectional design where the information gathered represented what was going on at one point in time. Respondents (307) were selected from Kwapanin, Koforidua, Kyebi, Sampronso and Anyinasuso communities using the systematic sampling method. The study used questionnaires, focus group discussions and targeted interviews to collect primary information on local people’s perception on climate change. The analysis used descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) and chi-square to detect any association between demographic characteristics of local people and their perception of climate change. In addition the knowledge levels of respondents on climate change was analysed. The results indicate that perception of climate change is not influenced by origin, gender or level of education; however, it is significantly influenced by age. A knowledge portfolio showed that local people did not have in-depth knowledge on climate change in general. There is therefore the need to create awareness and sensitize local people on causes, indicators and effects of climate change.

Published
2018
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4. The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass

Author

Cintia Rodrigues de Souza, Ivan Lakyda, Ulrik Ilstedt, Luzmila Arroyo, Jean Claude Konan Koffi, Dennis Del Castillo Torres, Klaus Scipal, Bruno Hérault, Olga V. Trefilova, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Pulchérie Bissiengou, John T. Woods, Petro Lakyda, Andrii Bilous, Olga V. Moroziuk, Sergey Vasiliev, Casimiro Mendoza, C. Dresel, Jason Vleminckx, José Antonio Manzanera, Thales A.P. West, Ted R. Feldpausch, Hervé Memiaghe, Estella F. Vedrova, Maria Shchepashchenko, Linda See, Hans ter Steege, Samsudin Musa, Nicolas Labrière, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Christoph Perger, Terry L. Erwin, Alexei Aleinikov, Ervan Rutishauser, Hannsjorg Woell, Irie Casimir Zo-Bi, Simon L. Lewis, Marcus Vinicio Neves d'Oliveira, Mikhail A. Kuznetsov, N. V. Lukina, Nataly Ascarrunz, Justyna Szatniewska, Lucas Mazzei, Dilshad M. Danilina, Wannes Hubau, V.N. Karminov, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Toshinori Okuda, Steffen Fritz, Vladimir G. Radchenko, Edson Vidal, Raisa K. Matyashuk, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Bonaventure Sonké, Toshihiro Yamada, Maksym Matsala, Viktor V. Ivanov, Timothy J. Killeen, Mikhail D. Evdokimenko, John R. Poulsen, Hermann Taedoumg, David F. R. P. Burslem, Zamah Shari Nur Hajar, K. S. Bobkova, Nicholas J. Berry, C. Amani, Eleneide Doff Sotta, Sergey V. Verhovets, Caroline Bedeau, Celso Paulo de Azevedo, Yadvinder Malhi, Ernest Gothard-Bassébé, Verginia Wortel, Kenneth Rodney, N. E. Shevchenko, Antonio García-Abril, Milton Kanashiro, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Timothy R. Baker, Maureen Playfair, Leonid Krivobokov, Laurent Descroix, Elena B. Tikhonova, Ernest G. Foli, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Keith C. Hamer, Anatoly Shvidenko, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Alfonso Alonso, Olga Martynenko, M. E. Konovalova, Svitlana Bilous, Jan Krejza, Florian Hofhansl, Jan Falck, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Stuart J. Davies, John Armston, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Oliver L. Phillips, Andrey Osipov, Wolfgang Wanek, Farida Herry Susanty, Jérôme Chave, Robin B. Foster, Richard Condit, Anders Karlsson, Lilian Blanc, Juan Carlos Licona, Niro Higuchi, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Stephen P. Hubbell, Stephan A. Pietsch, Radomir Bałazy, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ruben Valbuena, Richard Lucas, Luís Cláudio de Oliveira, P. V. Ontikov, Nadezhda A. Vladimirova, Daniel Lussetti, Florian Kraxner, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Foma K. Vozmitel, Maria Gornova, Marcos Silveira, Plinio Sist, A. V. Gornov, Tatyana Braslavskaya, Haruni Krisnawati, Leonid Stonozhenko, D. I. Nazimova, James Singh, Géraldine Derroire, Liudmila Mukhortova, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Forêts et Sociétés (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, AgroParisTech, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), ONF - Direction régionale de la Guyane [Cayenne], Office National des Forêts (ONF), Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (CENAREST), CENAREST, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Dept Geog, University College of London [London] (UCL), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Embrapa Amapa, Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Neuchâtel, Fond National Suisse, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Manejo Forestal, Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute for Evolutionary Ecology (IEE), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), CarboForExpert, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, DMITRY SCHEPASCHENKO, SAMSUDIN MUSA, DINA I. NAZIMOVA, TOSHINORI OKUDA, PETR V. ONTIKOV, ANDREY F. OSIPOV, STEPHAN PIETSCH, MAUREEN PLAYFAIR, JOHN POULSEN, VLADIMIR G. RADCHENKO, KENNETH RODNEY, ANDES H. ROZAK, ERVAN RUTISHAUSER, LINDA SEE, MARIA SHCHEPASHCHENKO, RAISA K. MATYASHUK, MAKSYM MATSALA, OLGA V. MARTYNENKO, RODOLFO VASQUEZ MARTINEZ, BEN HUR MARIMON JUNIOR, BEATRIZ MARIMON, JOSÉ ANTONIO MANZANERA, FLORIAN HOFHANSL, MARCELINO CARNEIRO GUEDES, CPAF-AP, LUCAS JOSE MAZZEI DE FREITAS, CPATU, PETRO I. LAKYDA, JUAN CARLOS LICONA, JÉRÔME CHAVE, OLIVER L. PHILLIPS, SIMON L. LEWIS, STUART J. DAVIES, MAXIME RÉJOU-MÉCHAIN, PLINIO SIST, KLAUS SCIPAL, CHRISTOPH PERGER, BRUNO HERAULT, NICOLAS LABRIÈRE, KOFI AFFUM-BAFFOE, ALEXEI ALEINIKOV, ALFONSO ALONSO, CHRISTIAN AMANI, ALEJANDRO ARAUJO-MURAKAMI, JOHN ARMSTON, LUZMILA ARROYO, NATALY ASCARRUNZ, CELSO PAULO DE AZEVEDO, CPAA, TIMOTHY BAKER, RADOMIR BALAZY, CAROLINE BEDEAU, NICHOLAS BERRY, ANDRII M. BILOUS, SVITLANA YU. BILOUS, PULCHÉRIE BISSIENGOU, LILIAN BLANC, KAPITOLINA S. BOBKOVA, TATYANA BRASLAVSKAYA, ROEL BRIENEN, DAVID F. R. P. BURSLEM, RICHARD CONDIT, AIDA CUNI-SANCHEZ, DILSHAD DANILINA, DENNIS DEL CASTILLO TORRES, GÉRALDINE DERROIRE, LAURENT DESCROIX, ELENEIDE DOFF SOTTA, MARCUS VINICIO NEVES D OLIVEIRA, CPAF-AC, CHRISTOPHER DRESEL, TERRY ERWIN, MIKHAIL D. EVDOKIMENKO, JAN FALCK, TED R. FELDPAUSCH, ERNEST G. FOLI, ROBIN FOSTER, STEFFEN FRITZ, ANTONIO DAMIAN GARCIA-ABRIL, ALEKSEY GORNOV, MARIA GORNOVA, ERNEST GOTHARD-BASSÉBÉ, SYLVIE GOURLET-FLEURY, KEITH C. HAMER, FARIDA HERRY SUSANTY, NIRO HIGUCHI, EURÍDICE N. HONORIO CORONADO, WANNES HUBAU, STEPHEN HUBBELL, ULRIK ILSTEDT, VIKTOR V. IVANOV, MILTON KANASHIRO, CPATU, ANDERS KARLSSON, VIKTOR N. KARMINOV, TIMOTHY KILLEEN, JEAN-CLAUDE KONAN KOFFI, MARIA KONOVALOVA, FLORIAN KRAXNER, JAN KREJZA, HARUNI KRISNAWATI, LEONID V. KRIVOBOKOV, MIKHAIL A. KUZNETSOV, IVAN LAKYDA, RICHARD M. LUCAS, NATALIA LUKINA, DANIEL LUSSETTI, YADVINDER MALHI, NIKOLAY SHEVCHENKO, ANATOLY SHVIDENKO, MARCOS SILVEIRA, JAMES SINGH, BONAVENTURE SONKÉ, CINTIA RODRIGUES DE SOUZA, CPAA, KRZYSZTOF STERENCZAK, LEONID STONOZHENKO, MARTIN J. P. SULLIVAN, JUSTYNA SZATNIEWSKA, HERMANN TAEDOUMG, HANS TER STEEGE, ELENA TIKHONOVA, MARISOL TOLEDO, OLGA V. TREFILOVA, RUBEN VALBUENA, LUIS VALENZUELA GAMARRA, SERGEY VASILIEV, ESTELLA F. VEDROVA, SERGEY V. VERHOVETS, EDSON VIDAL, NADEZHDA A. VLADIMIROVA, JASON VLEMINCKX, VINCENT A. VOS, FOMA K. VOZMITEL, WOLFGANG WANEK, THALES A. P. WEST, HANNSJORG WOELL, JOHN T. WOODS, VERGINIA WORTEL, TOSHIHIRO YAMADA, ZAMAH SHARI NUR HAJAR, IRIÉ CASIMIR ZO-BI., LUIS CLAUDIO DE OLIVEIRA, CPAF-AC, HERVÉ MEMIAGHE, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, CASIMIRO MENDOZA, ABEL MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA, OLGA V. MOROZIUK, LIUDMILA MUKHORTOVA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Systems Ecology, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Office national des forêts (ONF), University of Oxford, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Monitoreo de bosques, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, DIVERSITY, Biomasa, Biomassa, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, biomasse aérienne des arbres, Forest Observation System (FOS), CARBON STORAGE, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Teledetección, Biomass, NETWORK, Greenhouse gas accounting, lcsh:Science, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Biomass (ecology), Evaluación de los recursos forestales, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Renewable energy, Computer Science Applications, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa, Biogeography, Manejo Florestal, Forêt, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, SENSITIVITY, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Banque de données, Environmental Monitoring, Sensoriamento Remoto, ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forest biomass, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Télédétection, Ecologia Florestal, Library and Information Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, Education, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, RATES, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb, 15. Life on land, cartographie des fonctions de la forêt, Climate change mitigation, Bosque tropical, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, DENSITY, Remote Sensing Technology, PATTERNS, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Physical geography, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Réchauffement global, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), business, ccccccccccccccccccccc
Abstract

Forest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth’s ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. AGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world’s forests. All plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities., Measurement(s)above-ground biomass • organic materialTechnology Type(s)tree species census • measurement methodFactor Type(s)geographic location • tree speciesSample Characteristic - Environmentforest biomeSample Characteristic - LocationEarth (planet) Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9850571

Published
2019
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5. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author

Bruno Herault, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Jean-François Bastin, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Martin Dančák, Matt Bradford, Frans Bongers, Stuart J. Davies, Reuben Nilus, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Lip Khoon Kho, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Joey Talbot, Richard F. Preziosi, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, José Luís Camargo, Terese B. Hart, Juliana Schietti, Peter S. Ashton, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ophelia Wang, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Amy C. Bennett, Janvier Lisingo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Jérôme Chave, Connie J. Clark, Christopher Baraloto, Gerardo Aymard, Serge K. Begne, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Timothy R. Baker, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Julie Peacock, Hermann Taedoumg, Simon L. Lewis, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Greta C. Dargie, Murielle Simo-Droissart, David Harris, Faizah Metali, Hans ter Steege, Richard Lowe, Géraldine Derroire, Benoit Burban, Camila Silva Valeria, Martin Svátek, Wannes Hubau, Sarah A. Batterman, Vincent A. Vos, Elizabeth Kearsley, Peter M. Umunay, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hans Verbeeck, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, John R. Poulsen, Simon Willcock, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jean-Louis Doucet, Foster Brown, Yadvinder Malhi, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Ronald Vernimmen, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Martin Gilpin, Colin R. Maycock, Carlos Cerón, Radim Hédl, Oliver L. Phillips, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roderick Zagt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Pascal Boeckx, Roel J. W. Brienen, Marcelo F. Simon, Keith C. Hamer, Alberto Vicentini, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Clément Stahl, Javier Silva Espejo, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Erika Berenguer, Pieter A. Zuidema, Vianet Mihindou, Murray Collins, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Terry Brncic, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Paulo S. Morandi, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, William E. Magnusson, Lilian Blanc, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nicholas J. Berry, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Luzmila Arroyo, Douglas Sheil, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Sean C. Thomas, Eric Arets, Ernest G. Foli, Lola da Costa, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Lan Qie, James Singh, Lise Zemagho, Agustín Rudas, Richard B. Primack, Jan Reitsma, Annette Hladik, Alexander K. Koch, Colin A. Pendry, Walter A. Palacios, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Nicolas Labrière, Fernando Elias, Eric Chezeaux, William Milliken, Manuel Gloor, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Jefferson S. Hall, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marcos Silveira, Carolina V. Castilho, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kamariah Abu Salim, Joeri A. Zwerts, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Jos Barlow, Georgia Pickavance, Joice Ferreira, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Jorcely Barroso, Andrew R. Marshall, Miguel Alexiades, Lindsay F. Banin, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Rafael Herrera, Hans Beeckman, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Michelle Kalamandeen, Adriana Prieto, Ben Hur Marimon, Casimiro Mendoza, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Vincent Droissart, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Hannah L. Mossman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Aurélie Dourdain, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Bente B. Klitgaard, James Taplin, Damien Bonal, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Verginia Wortel, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Toby R. Marthews, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Andrew Ford, Niro Higuchi, Aida Cuni Sanchez, Aline Pontes Lopes, Laszlo Nagy, John Pipoly, Lee J. T. White, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, European Research Council, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, National Geographic Society, Centre for International Forestry Research, Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon), University of Leeds, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Edinburgh, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Sch Geosci, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Biodiversité et Paysage, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Rougier Gabon, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), AgroParisTech, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Liège, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes (LMDH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, BP 30 379 Libreville, Gabon, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], James Cook University (JCU), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), University of Mary Washington, Chercheur indépendant, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Forest Research Centre (FRC), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Bur Waarderburg, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, CarboForExpert, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Stirling, Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Animal Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Ecology, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth, Planet, Climate, Acclimatization, Tropical forest carbon stocks, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Growth, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Photosynthesis, Hectare, Productivity, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Wood, Productivity (ecology), Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, C180 Ecology, Tree, Leaf Respiration, Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks, Climate Change, Climate change and forestry, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Global warming, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, CO₂ Fertilization, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acclimation
Abstract

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., Our plot monitoring networks havebeen supported by multiple grants from a large number of funding bodies: European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Programme; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Geographic Society; Centre for International Forestry; and Gabon’s National Park Agency.

Published
2020
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6. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests

Author

Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, David A. Coomes, Connie J. Clark, Hannsjörg Wöll, Douglas Sheil, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Katharine Abernethy, Hans Verbeeck, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Ted R. Feldpausch, Terese B. Hart, Sam Moore, Robert Bitariho, Francesco Rovero, Joey Talbot, Lise Zemagho, C. Amani, Jefferson S. Hall, Sean C. Thomas, Amy C. Bennett, Pascal Boeckx, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Armandu K. Daniels, Fabrice Bénédet, Yadvinder Malhi, Alusine Fofanah, John R. Poulsen, David Kenfack, Lindsay F. Banin, Janvier Lisingo, Hans Beeckman, Jean-Louis Doucet, Eric Chezeaux, Emanuel Gloor, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba, Timothy R. Baker, Jan Reitsma, Vincent P. Medjibe, Christelle Gonmadje, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem, Fidèle Baya, Serge K. Begne, Patrick Boundja, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Lucas Ojo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Hermann Taedoumg, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Benjamin Toirambe, Lan Qie, Jon C. Lovett, Greta C. Dargie, Elizabeth Kearsley, Darlington Tuagben, George B. Chuyong, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Terry Brncic, Pantaleo K. T. Munishi, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Tommaso Jucker, Simon Willcock, Yannick Enock Bocko, Emanuel H. Martin, Vianet Mihindou, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Simon L. Lewis, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Jean-Remy Makana, Andrew R. Marshall, Martin Gilpin, Bonaventure Sonké, Jeremy A. Lindsell, Faustin M. Mbayu, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Wannes Hubau, Suspense Averti Ifo, Peter M. Umunay, Duncan W. Thomas, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Ernest G. Foli, Lee J. T. White, Jaccques M. Mukinzi, Georgia Pickavance, James Taplin, Terry Sunderland, Annette Hladik, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Jason Vleminckx, Oliver L. Phillips, Sophie Fauset, Alexander K. Koch, David Harris, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Jim Martin, and Murray Collins

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Carbon Sequestration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rainforest, Carbon sequestration, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, History, 21st Century, Sink (geography), Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, Forest ecology, Tropical climate, Life Science, Biomass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Atmosphere, Temperature, Carbon sink, Carbon Dioxide, History, 20th Century, Models, Theoretical, Droughts, chemistry, Carbon dioxide, Africa, Environmental science, C180 Ecology, Brazil
Abstract

Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions1,2,3. Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest ‘carbon sink’ will continue for decades4,5. Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53–0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests6. Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth’s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature7,8,9. Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass10 reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth’s climate.

Published
2019
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7. Pixel-based and object-oriented approaches in segregating cocoa from forest in the Juabeso-Bia landscape of Ghana

Author

Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard, George Ashiagbor, Prince Boamah, Yakubu Mohammed, Winston Asante, Ernest G. Foli, Emmanuel Acheampong, and Eric Kwabena Forkuo

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pixel, Land use, Geography, Planning and Development, Land cover, Vegetation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Random forest, Forest restoration, High forest, Deforestation, Statistics, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics
Abstract

A wall-to-wall Earth observation (EO) data is required, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, private sector organizations and major development partners, to allow for the implementation of forest monitoring commitments, and also to monitor commodity-led deforestation. However, a major limitation associated with the use of optical EO data in the high forest zone of Ghana is the presence of persistent cloud cover and the spectral limitations of segregating agroforestry cocoa (AFC) from open canopy forest (OCF) cover. The aim of the study was to investigate the synergistic use of Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) EO data to produce a Land Use Land Cover map which shows AFC and OCF as different land cover classes. It was hypothesized that, a hybrid method of spectral, radar and image objects will accurately segregate the different cocoa system from forest and other land use classes. The research was conducted in the Bia-Juaboso REDD + Hotspot Intervention Area in the cocoa-forest mosaic landscape within the High forest zone of Ghana. The S1 and S2 datasets were freely acquired for the periods January to March 2018. The S1 datasets were pre-processed from backscatter intensity values to the VV and VH bands. The S2 datasets were corrected for atmospheric effects, and cloud pixels were masked and filled using a temporal gap-filling method. Six vegetation indices (VIs) were extracted, and the Multiresolution Segmentation algorithm was used to derive image objects (IOs). The S2 bands, the six VIs, the S1 VV + VH data, and the IOs were stacked into 3 different multi-layer image dataset denoted with D (i.e. D1 = S2 + VIs; D2 = S2 + VIs + S1; and D3 = S2+VIs + S1+IOs). The three datasets were classified using Random Forest and 1228 training points. Overall accuracy (OA) and kappa (k) were calculated for the classification outcome using 615 independent validation points. McNemar's test ( χ ) was used to access the statistically significant difference between D1, D2 and D3. The results of the study show that, D3 significantly improved the overall classification output (OA = 89.76%, k = 0.877) compared to D1 (OA = 79.02%, k = 0.748; χ = 5.56, p-value = 0.018) and D2 (OA = 80.49%, k = 0.765; χ = 5.50, p-value = 0.019). Combining spectral pixels with image objects increases overall classification accuracy and specifically, the accuracy of isolating AFC from OCF. This research is significant because it will provide an improved decision support to government-led monitoring and the private sector's commitment to halt cocoa-driven deforestation. Furthermore, and most importantly, the map shows agroforestry cocoa separated from monoculture cocoa, which provides a tremendous boost to monitoring landscape-level improvements associated with the promotion and adoption of agroforestry in cocoa landscapes, as a climate-smart practice and also for monitoring various off-reserve landscape forest restoration activities.

Published
2020
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8. Expansion of sustainability science needed for the SDGs

Author

Peter Messerli, David Smith, Amanda Glassman, Parfait M. Eloundou-Enyegue, Eeva Furman, Wolfgang Lutz, Jurgis Kazimieras Staniškis, Endah Murniningtyas, Katherine Richardson, Gonzalo Hernandez Licona, Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, Jean Paul Moatti, Muhammad Saidam, Eun Mee Kim, and Ernest G. Foli

Subjects
Urban Studies, Global and Planetary Change, Civil society, Ecology, Work (electrical), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Political science, Geography, Planning and Development, Sustainability science, Engineering ethics, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Food Science
Abstract

Dominant research modes are not enough to guide the societal transformations necessary to achieve the 2030 Agenda. Researchers, practitioners, decision makers, funders and civil society should work together to achieve universally accessible and mutually beneficial sustainability science.

Published
2019
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9. THE USE OF SATELLITE IMAGERY TO GUIDE FIELD PLOT SAMPLING SCHEME FOR BIOMASS ESTIMATION IN GHANAIAN FOREST

Author

K. Honji, Ernest G. Foli, C. Awudi, A. K. Sah, J. M. Hämäläinen, and B. P. Sah

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, Forest inventory, lcsh:T, Sampling (statistics), lcsh:TA1501-1820, Systematic sampling, Land cover, lcsh:Technology, Line plot survey, Lidar, lcsh:TA1-2040, Sampling design, Environmental science, Satellite imagery, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Remote sensing
Abstract

Accurate and reliable estimation of biomass in tropical forest has been a challenging task because a large proportion of forests are difficult to access or inaccessible. So, for effective implementation of REDD+ and fair benefit sharing, the proper designing of field plot sampling schemes plays a significant role in achieving robust biomass estimation. The existing forest inventory protocols using various field plot sampling schemes, including FAO's regular grid concept of sampling for land cover inventory at national level, are time and human resource intensive. Wall to wall LiDAR scanning is, however, a better approach to assess biomass with high precision and spatial resolution even though this approach suffers from high costs. Considering the above, in this study a sampling design based on a LiDAR strips sampling scheme has been devised for Ghanaian forests to support field plot sampling. Using Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance value of satellite data, Land Use classification was carried out in accordance with IPCC definitions and the resulting classes were further stratified, incorporating existing GIS data of ecological zones in the study area. Employing this result, LiDAR sampling strips were allocated using systematic sampling techniques. The resulting LiDAR strips represented all forest categories, as well as other Land Use classes, with their distribution adequately representing the areal share of each category. In this way, out of at total area of 15,153km2 of the study area, LiDAR scanning was required for only 770 km2 (sampling intensity being 5.1%). We conclude that this systematic LiDAR sampling design is likely to adequately cover variation in above-ground biomass densities and serve as sufficient a-priori data, together with the Land Use classification produced, for designing efficient field plot sampling over the seven ecological zones.

Published
2012

10. Modelling growing space requirements for some tropical forest tree species

Author

D Alder, Michael D. Swaine, Ernest G. Foli, and Hugh G. Miller

Subjects
Agroforestry, media_common.quotation_subject, Crown (botany), Forest management, Sowing, Forestry, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Competition (biology), Basal area, Stocking, Environmental science, Baseline (configuration management), Silviculture, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common
Abstract

The importance of crown data in improving the reliability of growth models for stand management has long been established, but such data are scarce for tropical forests. This paper reports studies of crown diameter–bole diameter relationships of five mixed tropical forest species by regression methods. The regression explained 77% of the variation in crown diameter. Growing space was associated with crown size, and models were developed from which growing space, limiting stocking and stand basal area density can be predicted. The paper demonstrates, e.g., that trees of 60 cm bole diameter would each require 0.009 ha of growing space with a density of about 107 stems ha −1 . Stand basal area converges around 31 m 2 ha −1 . In silvicultural practice, the baseline information provided by this study could serve as a guide for planting distances and crop density in industrial plantations of similar indigenous mixed tropical forest species.

Published
2003
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11. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests

Author

Lindsay F. Banin, Georgia Pickavance, Gloria Djagbletey, Hans Beeckman, Timothy R. Baker, David Harris, Lise Zemagho, Benjamin Toirambe, James Taplin, Jon Lloyd, Hannsjorg Woell, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Murielle Simo, Jason Vleminckx, Douglas Sheil, Jean-François Bastin, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Sophie Fauset, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Connie J. Clark, Yadvinder Malhi, Koen Hufkens, Hans Verbeeck, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Serge K. Begne, Cornielle E N Ewango, Philippe Jeanmart, Jean-Remy Makana, Dries Huygens, Elizabeth Kearsley, Terese B. Hart, Simon Willcock, Jan Reitsma, Ted R. Feldpausch, Pascal Boeckx, Murray Collins, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, Andrew R. Marshall, Jon C. Lovett, David Taylor, Jean-Louis Doucet, Kathryn J. Jeffery, John R. Poulsen, Jean François Gillet, Terry Sunderland, Joey Talbot, Ernest G. Foli, Lucas Ojo, Sean C. Thomas, Oliver L. Phillips, Hermann Taedoumg, Eric Chezeaux, Annette Hladik, Kathy Steppe, Charles De Cannière, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lee J. T. White, Vincent Droissart, Simon L. Lewis, and Thalès de Haulleville

Subjects
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazonian, Climate, AMAZONIAN FORESTS, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Basal area, Soil, SD Forestry, Tropical climate, Biomass, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, RAIN-FOREST, Articles, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, GROWTH, SENSITIVITY, CARBON STOCKS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, Wood density, Research Article, GE Environmental Sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Climate Change, Tree allometry, Rainforest, Biology, SPATIAL-PATTERNS, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecology and Environment, Carbon Cycle, Congo basin, West Africa, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Precipitation, TREE ALLOMETRY, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Tropical Climate, Science & Technology, Biology and Life Sciences, Forestry, 06 Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, East Africa, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, SOILS, Africa, Soil fertility
Abstract

We report above-ground biomass (AGB), basal area, stemdensity and wood mass density estimates from 260 sample plots (mean size: 1.2 ha) in intact closed-canopy tropical forests across 12 African countries. Mean AGB is 395.7 Mg dry mass ha-1 (95% CI: 14.3), substantially higher than Amazonian values, with the Congo Basin and contiguous forest region attaining AGB values (429 Mg ha-1) similar to those of Bornean forests, and significantly greater than East or West African forests. AGB therefore appears generally higher in palaeo- comparedwithneotropical forests.However, mean stem density is low(426±11 stems ha-1 greater than or equal to 100 mm diameter) compared with both Amazonian and Bornean forests (cf. approx. 600) and is the signature structural feature of African tropical forests. While spatial autocorrelation complicates analyses, AGB shows a positive relationship with rainfall in the driest nine months of the year, and an opposite association with the wettest three months of the year; a negative relationship with temperature; positive relationship with clay-rich soils; and negative relationshipswith C:Nratio (suggesting a positive soil phosphorus- AGB relationship), and soil fertility computed as the sum of base cations. The results indicate that AGB is mediated by both climate and soils, and suggest that the AGB of African closed-canopy tropical forests may be particularly sensitive to future precipitation and temperature changes. © 2013 The Authors., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

12. Drought-induced shifts in the floristic and functional composition of tropical forests in Ghana

Author

Keith C. Hamer, Timothy R. Baker, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Michael D. Swaine, Ted R. Feldpausch, Sophie Fauset, Simon L. Lewis, and Ernest G. Foli

Subjects
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Biomass (ecology), Tropical Climate, Ecology, fungi, Biodiversity, food and beverages, Rainforest, Flowers, Evergreen, Adaptation, Physiological, Ghana, Droughts, Trees, Deciduous, Tropical climate, Environmental science, Secondary forest, Biomass, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The future of tropical forests under global environmental change is uncertain, with biodiversity and carbon stocks at risk if precipitation regimes alter. Here, we assess changes in plant functional composition and biomass in 19 plots from a variety of forest types during two decades of long-term drought in Ghana. We find a consistent increase in dry forest, deciduous, canopy species with intermediate light demand and a concomitant decrease in wet forest, evergreen, sub-canopy and shade-tolerant species. These changes in composition are accompanied by an increase in above-ground biomass. Our results indicate that by altering composition in favour of drought-tolerant species, the biomass stocks of these forests may be more resilient to longer term drought than short-term studies of severe individual droughts suggest.

Published
2012

13. Liana Distribution And Abundance In Moist Tropical Forest In Ghana 40 Years Following Silvicultural Interventions

Author

MA Pinard and Ernest G. Foli

Subjects
Vine, Geography, Liana, Abundance (ecology), Agroforestry, Crown (botany), Logging, Forestry, Species richness, Silvicultural systems, Liana load, Tropical Shelterwood System, Post-Exploitation System, Liana inventory, Silviculture, Basal area
Abstract

Lianas are an important structural aspect of tropical forest ecosystems, but may have negative impacts on tree growth and productivity. We censused lianas in plots that were subjected to three different types of silvicultural intervention in Bobiri forest in Ghana in order to answer two questions: 1) does liana cutting during the initial years of a cutting cycle influence liana densities, basal area and vine loads in tree crowns relative to unlogged forest?; 2) does the duration, intensity and sequence of silvicultural interventions in the initial years of a cutting cycle influence vine loads? Data were gathered from six onehectare plots in each of the three silviculturally-treated stands, with comparative data collected from four one-hectare plots in an unlogged part of the same forest. Lianas were categorised into small (stems =2 - 5 cm DBH) and large sizes (DBH >5 cm) and censused in nested subplots within the one-hectare plots. The extent of liana loading or ‘infestation’ of individual trees ? 20cm DBH was investigated using a 5-point score 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 within the plots. A total of 697 liana stems were inventoried in both the silviculturally-treated and the unlogged forest. The density of small lianas was relatively higher in the unlogged forest than in treated forest. However, mean densities of large lianas were similar across treatments. For all lianas with DBH = 2 cm, mean densities were lower in the treated forest than in the unlogged forest. Liana loading or ‘infestation’ was dependent on silvicultural treatment consequent to the timing of interventions; while about 9% of stems were completely covered by lianas in forest where climber cutting followed timber harvesting; only about 1% of trees were completely covered by lianas in unlogged forest and forest where liana cutting preceded timber harvesting. Approximately 90% of trees DBH ? 20cm were free of lianas in forest where liana cutting preceded timber harvesting, with ~81% of stems in the same category free of lianas in unlogged forest. However, in forest where liana cutting followed timber harvesting only about 46% of stems were free of lianas. We conclude, from the lower densities of lianas in the silvicultural intervention sites relative to the unlogged sites that even 40 y later the impact of climber cutting was measurable. Although the density of large lianas was not distinct among the silviculturally-treated stands, the interventions promoted greater access to tree crowns by lianas when applied after timber harvesting. Thus the timing of silvicultural interventions in the initial years of a cutting cycle is important since it influences liana load in tree crowns in the long term. Keywords: Silvicultural systems, Liana load, Tropical Shelterwood System, Post-Exploitation System, Liana inventory

Published
2010
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