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Titanium alloys are applied in oil and gas development and transportation to improve conditions because of their high specific strength and corrosion resistance. However, the disadvantage of poor wear resistance has become an obstacle to developing titanium alloys. The friction and wear properties of pure titanium TA3 and titanium alloy TA10 were tested under different loads and different friction forms using a reciprocating friction and wear tester. Moreover, the erosion resistance of pure titanium TA3 and titanium alloy TA10 was studied using a gas–solid erosion tester. The results show that the wear rate of TA3 and titanium alloy TA10 increases with increasing friction load. Under a load of 50 N, the mass losses of TA3 under dry friction and wet friction were 0.0013 g and 0.0045 g, respectively, while the mass losses of TA10 were 0.0033 g and 0.0046 g, respectively. While the load increased to 70 N, the mass loss of TA3 was even greater, reaching 0.0065 g, and the mass loss of TA10 was 0.0058 g. The wear forms of TA3 and TA10 include abrasive wear, adhesive wear and oxidation wear. The joint action of various friction forms leads to the loss of materials. Under the simulated working conditions, the erosion rates of TA3 and TA10 were 1.01 × 10−3 g/s and 0.94 × 10−3 g/s. The erosion mechanism is the same, including plowing, indentation and cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the wind turbine operates in the wind-sand environment, the sand particles will cause erosion and wear on the surface of the wind turbine blades, which will result in morphological changes and lead to changes in aerodynamic performance. In order to deeply understand the degree of wear of wind turbine blades in the wind-sand environment and its change rule with time, and to provide scientific basis for the operation and maintenance of wind turbines in the wind-sand environment, it is necessary to systematically study the dynamic evolution process of erosion and wear on the surface of the blades, as well as the change of the aerodynamic performance in this process. This study adopts the numerical model of flow-solid-erosion coupling, based on the particle concentration-time conversion method, and by simulating the erosion process of wind-sand on the wind turbine-specific airfoil S809, the dynamic evolution process of the morphology of the airfoil surface under the erosion effect of the sand particles is explored, and the depth of erosion and morphology of the airfoil surface are analyzed, and the influence law of the wind-sand particles on the morphology and its aerodynamic performance of the airfoil surface of the S809 are further investigated under different angles of attack. The influence of sand particles on the surface morphology of S809 airfoil at different angles of attack is further investigated. The study shows that, with the advancement of erosion time, the abrasion degree of sand particles on the airfoil surface increases, which makes the depth of the erosion pits deepen, and the pressure coefficient fluctuation of the airfoil surface becomes drastic. At the same time, the lift coefficient shows a trend of slight increase and then slow decrease. The particle erosion and wear were concentrated mainly in the high-pressure areas of pressure surface at the leading edge of airfoil segment. The wear area of airfoil segment was gradually enlarged with the increase of the erosion time, and the depth of wear was deepened. There was the slightly decrease rate of the maximum depth after the surface erosion of airfoil segment. The area of suction surface erosion wear was shifted to the leading edge, with the increase of angle of attack. While the area of pressure surface erosion wear was to the trailing edge. The larger the angle of attack was, the more serious the erosion wear in the region of the pressure front edge of the airfoil segment was. At the same time, the pressure coefficient of the wing section cross-section was appeared the fluctuation in the process of erosion. The more outstanding fluctuation was found with the advancement of the erosion time, especially on the more significant fluctuation of the pressure coefficient at the front edge of the suction force. Overall, the wing segment lift coefficient showed the increasing first and then decreasing in the process of particle erosion, with the advancement of erosion time. Once the angle of attack was 10° and the erosion duration was 40 h, the wing segment lift coefficient increased up to 6.3% than before. When the angle of attack was more than 12°, the coefficient of lift decreased significantly after 20 h of erosion, compared with the low angle of attack. The value of β was about 0.62 at the angle of attack from 2° to 8°, whereas, the value of β increased up to 0.82 at the angle of attack of 10°. The slow increase was observed with the increase of the angle of attack. In general, the wing segment lift-to-drag ratio was depended mainly on the incoming wind and sand at small angles of attack. There was no influence under the incoming wind and sand at large angles of attack. The findings can provide the data support and theoretical basis to maintain and repair the wind turbines in the wind-sand inflow environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cage-typed sleeve control valve (CSCV) is the key basic equipment in direct coal liquefaction projects. The working condition of CSCV has the characteristics of high-pressure difference, high velocity, and high solid content. There is a general issue of liquid–solid two-phase erosion wear in CSCV, which can easily lead to the failure of the internal structure in the valve cage. Therefore, it is necessary to study erosion wear characteristics of internal structures in the valve cage. Considering the real conditions of erosion wear in the valve cage, a simplified T-shaped flow path is designed, and the precision of both the liquid–solid two-phase flow model and the erosion prediction model is validated. The flow characteristics and erosion wear characteristics in the T-shaped flow path under different working conditions are studied. Based on the simulation results of different structural parameters and boundary conditions, the erosion wear of the T-shaped flow path is predicted and calculated by the response surface method. Subsequently, the prediction formula for the maximum erosion rate is derived. The formula enables the swift determination of optimal structural parameters for the flow path, aiming to mitigate damage to the valve caused by erosion wear. This work can quickly predict the erosion wear rate of the key areas in the valve cage, which can provide a certain reference value for the life prediction and structural optimization of CSCV, and it can also benefit the safety and maintenance of the coal liquefaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a comparative study of the erosion wear resistance of WC-10Co4Cr, Cr3C2-25NiCr and martensitic stainless steel (SS) coatings deposited onto an AlSi7Mg0.3 (Al) alloy substrate by high-velocity air‒fuel (HVAF) spraying. The influence of the abrasive type (quartz sand or granite gravel), erodent attack angle, thickness, and microhardness of the coatings on their and Al substrate's wear resistance was comprehensively investigated under dry erosion conditions typical for fan blades. The HVAF-spraying process did not affect the Al substrate's structure, except for when the near-surface layer was 20‒40 μm thick. This was attributed to the formation of a modified Al-Si eutectic with enhanced microhardness and strength in the near-substrate area. Mechanical characterization revealed significantly higher microhardness values for the cermet WC-10Co4Cr (~12 GPa) and Cr3C2-25NiCr (~9 GPa) coatings, while for the SS coating, the value was ~5.7 GPa. Erosion wear tests established that while Cr3C2-25NiCr and SS coatings were more sensitive to abrasive type, the WC-10Co4Cr coating exhibited significantly higher wear resistance, outperforming the alternatives by 2‒17 times under high abrasive intensity. These findings highlight the potential of HVAF-sprayed WC-10Co4Cr coatings for extending the service life of AlSi7Mg0.3-based fan blades exposed to erosion wear at normal temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combined numerical simulation and experiment to explore the influence of the concave‐wall jets with uniformly distributed tangential inlets in the cyclone separator on the liquid–solid separation characteristics and equipment. The results show that as the number of tangential inlets increases, the superposition effect of particle trajectories and flow fields becomes more significant. The superimposed flow field enhances the circumferential flow velocity of the fluid, causing the distribution of the jet along the radial and spanwise directions to shrink, greatly improving the uniformity of particle distribution and turbulent kinetic energy along the circumference, and effectively reducing the impact of particles on local areas near the jet inlet. Since the superposition of circumferential multi‐inlet jets enhances the swirling flow, the local disturbance and wall erosion effects near the jet inlet were reduced. Compared with double inlets, the flow rates of three inlets and four inlets were increased by 50% and 100%, respectively, the maximum turbulent kinetic energy increased by 14.5% and 56.2%, and the maximum escape time of particles was shortened by 3.2 and 3.3 s, respectively, the maximum erosion rates were reduced by 38.4% and 23.6%, respectively, and the separation efficiency and material handling capacity were significantly improved. This study supplemented the theory of concave‐wall jets' superposition characteristics and provided a theoretical basis for applying circumferential multi‐inlet devices in liquid–solid separation equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This empirical study aims to investigate the erosion wear performance of two different 3D-printed materials (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS] and polylactic acid [PLA]) with various micro textures. The two different textures (prism and square) were created over the surfaces of both materials by using the 3D-printed technique. Design/methodology/approach: The erosion experiments on both materials were performed by using Ducom Erosion Jet Tester. Erosion tests were performed at four different impacting velocities (15, 30, 45 and 60 m/s) with the four different particle sizes (17, 39, 63 97 µm) at the impact angles (30°–90°) for the time duration of 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. The two different textures prism and cone were used for performing the erosion experiments. Taguchi's orthogonal L16 (mixed level) was used to reduce the number of experiments and to determine the impact of these parameters on erosion wear performance of both 3D-printed materials. Findings: The PLA with cone texture was found to be best (against erosion) than the ABS cone and prism textures due to their high hardness (68 HV). Also, the average signal to noise (S/N) ratio for PLA and ABS was measured as 56.4 and 44.4 dB, respectively. As the value of the S/N ratio is inversely proportional to the erosion rate, the PLA has the least erosion rate as compared to the ABS. The sequence of erosion wear influencing parameters for both materials was in the following order: velocity > erodent size > texture > impact angle > time interval. Originality/value: Both PLA and ABS with different micro textures for erosion testing were studied with Taguchi's optimization method, and the erosion mechanisms are well analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy and Image J techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-pressure black water angle valves are essential equipment of black water flash treatment systems in the coal gasification process, and they usually suffer from a high risk of erosion wear failure. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), combined with the discrete particle method (DPM) and the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was used to study the flow characteristics and erosion wear phenomenon in high-pressure black water angle valves under different valve cavity radii and opening angles. In particular, a new parameter, the drift index, was introduced to analyze the bias flow phenomenon in the throttling zone. With the increase in valve cavity radius, the drift index first decreases and then increases, and the influence of the valve cavity radius gradually weakens with the increase in the valve opening. It was found that, with the increase in valve cavity radius, the average erosion wear rate of the valve body decreases first and then increases. When the valve cavity radius was 132 mm, the average erosion wear rate of the valve body was the smallest. Therefore, the optimization of the valve cavity radius selection value can reduce the erosion wear damage of the high-pressure black water angle valve and increase its operational dependability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric materials are widely used in aerospace, biomedical, marine, and agricultural applications due to their viscoelasticity and corrosion resistance. Polymeric materials fail due to wear during their service life, so studying their wear behavior is essential to control and predict their service life. This paper summarizes the progress of water lubrication research as well as experimental studies on the wear of polymeric materials under aqueous conditions. The effects of lubrication conditions, material formulation ratios, load, sliding speed, impact angle, abrasive particles, and temperature factors on the wear behavior of commonly used polymeric materials ideal for water lubrication (NBR, SBR, NR, EP, polyethylene, and their composites, etc.) are summarized in terms of the three most frequently occurring forms of wear, namely, two-body wet sliding wear, two-body erosive wear, and three-body wet abrasive particle wear. The results show that the mechanical properties, such as hardness, can be effectively changed by altering the formulation ratios of the materials, and the hardness and hydrophilicity of the formulations can further affect the wear and lubrication. In general, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate decrease with the increase in hardness, and the increase in temperature leads to the localized lubrication failure and the aging of the materials, which in turn leads to the intensification of wear. Among the working condition factors, load and sliding speeds are the most important factors affecting the wear, and the wear rate increases with the increase in the load and sliding speed; in contrast, the three-body wet abrasive wear is more obviously affected by the load. In the study of the impact angle effect, the overall trend of the erosion wear rate with the increase in the angle shows the first rise and then fall, the maximum value is mostly concentrated in the 45–60° between. Usually, the increase in the abrasive particle size can make the wear rate increase. Overall, the three-body wet abrasive wear of the rubber material wear rate shows first an increase and then a decrease. The research in this paper provides theoretical support and reference ideas for the tribological study of polymer materials in the water environment and puts forward the outlook for future water lubrication and material improvement of the research directions and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the variation laws of various hydraulic parameters and internal fluid flow patterns of eccentric semi-ball valves under different boundary conditions, the DPM model was used to numerically simulate the eccentric semi-ball valve based on Fluent 2021 R1 software. The flow velocity, pressure distribution, and erosion wear rate on the valve wall were simulated under different combinations of opening, inlet flow velocity, and sediment concentration conditions, and hydraulic parameters such as drag coefficient, flow coefficient, and cavitation coefficient were calculated. The results show that as the opening of the eccentric semi-ball valve increases, the valve drag coefficient decreases, the flow coefficient increases, the cavitation coefficient increases, and the degree of cavitation decreases. The flow velocity in the high-velocity zone at both ends of the valve plate decreases, and the gradient of water flow velocity passing through the valve decreases. The area of the low-velocity zone at the rear of the valve plate decreases, and the vortex phenomenon gradually weakens; as the sediment content in the water increases, the valve drag coefficient increases, the flow coefficient decreases, and the cavitation coefficient first increases and then decreases. The maximum flow velocity of the pipeline decreases faster and faster, causing an increase in pressure gradient in the flow area and drastic changes. This results in higher pressure on the pipe wall near the valve plate, especially a significant increase in negative pressure; As the inlet flow rate increases, the valve drag coefficient decreases, the flow coefficient increases, and the cavitation coefficient gradually decreases. The flow velocity of the water passing through the valve increases, and the low-pressure area downstream of the valve plate increases. The pressure gradient at both ends of the valve port increases significantly from small to large, and the positive pressure upstream of the valve plate gradually increases. The force of the water flow on the valve plate is large, causing friction between the valve stem and the valve body, which is not conducive to long-term operation. With the increase in inlet flow rate, the maximum wear amount and wear range of the valve plate have significantly increased, and erosion wear is mainly distributed in point blocks at the edge of the valve plate. This study can provide certain references and solutions for the key technology research of eccentric semi-ball valves and assess the performance indicators of the operation being maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The rubber ring is a crucial component in fracturing pumps, yet it is highly prone to erosion. This study investigates the effects of fracturing particles on erosion and wear of the rubber ring. 【Method】 The study was based on the 3 500 HP fracturing pump. The fluid domain model for its valve body at the hydraulic end was developed using the finite element software COMSOL. The impact of the factors, including particle concentration, particle diameter, and angle of the valve body cone, on the erosion and wear of the rubber seal was analyzed. Mechanical models for a single particle and multi particle erosion of the rubber ring were established using the finite element software ABAQUS, which was used to analyzed the effects of particle shape, erosion speed, impact angle, and impact frequency on erosion and wear of the ring. 【Result】 ①To improve the resistance of the rubber ring against wear and erosion, the angle of the valve body cone should be more than 70°. We found that the lower the particle concentration was, the less susceptible the rubber ring was to wear. When the diameter of solid particles was doubled, the two-phase velocity was increased by about 25%, but this had little effect on the wear of the pump valve. ②Increasing the speed of erosion increased the erosion wear. The rubber ring was more likely to absorb the energy of sharp particles at low angle of attack, while it is more likely to absorb the energy of blunt particles at 90° impact. Under the impact of the multiple particles, blunt particles can cause fatigue failure of the rubber ring, while sharp particles can cause tensile failure of the material surface. 【Conclusion】 For the 3 500 HP fracturing pump we studied, the erosion and wear of the rubber ring can be ameliorated by reducing solid particle concentration, increasing the valve cone angle and roundness of the solid particles.

Stellite 6 is a superalloy primarily composed of cobalt, known for its exceptional resistance to corrosion and wear at elevated temperatures. The current investigation involved the application of a co-based Stellite 6 coating on SS 304 boiler heat exchanger steel using HVOF technology. The objective was to boost surface wear resistance against elevated temperature. Protective coatings are widely employed across various industries to enhance resistance to erosion and wear of engineering components. The corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated steel was assessed under various conditions, including impact velocity, impact angle, and time duration, using a high-temperature air-jet erosion tester. Microploughing, cracking cutting, and hard phase pull-outs were all erosion processes seen in the coatings. Among the samples that were tested, it was observed that the Stellite 6 coating applied on SS 304 exhibited the lowest erosion rate. This study aims to facilitate the selection and optimization of coating materials suitable for applications in industry that require enhanced resistance against erosion wear under high-temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional sliding sleeve is an important tool for shale gas exploitation. However, there are some misoperation is easy to occur in the fracturing process of the conventional sliding sleeve. Therefore, a novel three-layer fracturing sliding sleeve is designed in the paper. It can realize the axial movement of the inner sliding sleeve between the inner wall and the outer wall, thereby avoiding multiple misoperations. And it is necessary to study the erosion and fracture law of the three-layer fracturing sliding sleeve. On the basis, the fluid analysis model of three-layer sleeve was established. Then the fluid analysis model was simulated to study the erosion law of the sand blast nozzle. Next, the theoretical working life of the sand blast nozzle was obtained by quantitative calculation. Finally, the theoretical working time was compared with the actual working time obtained experimentally. These experiments illustrated that the design of the safe distance of the sand blast nozzle satisfied the requirement. The difference between the experimental and the simulation results is 5.5% which proves that the simulation analysis is correct. The simulation analysis and quantum calculation can provide a theoretical basis for designing the three-layer fracturing sliding sleeve's sealing reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-pressure black water angle valves are essential equipment of black water flash treatment systems in the coal gasification process, and they usually suffer from a high risk of erosion wear failure. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), combined with the discrete particle method (DPM) and the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was used to study the flow characteristics and erosion wear phenomenon in high-pressure black water angle valves under different valve cavity radii and opening angles. In particular, a new parameter, the drift index, was introduced to analyze the bias flow phenomenon in the throttling zone. With the increase in valve cavity radius, the drift index first decreases and then increases, and the influence of the valve cavity radius gradually weakens with the increase in the valve opening. It was found that, with the increase in valve cavity radius, the average erosion wear rate of the valve body decreases first and then increases. When the valve cavity radius was 132 mm, the average erosion wear rate of the valve body was the smallest. Therefore, the optimization of the valve cavity radius selection value can reduce the erosion wear damage of the high-pressure black water angle valve and increase its operational dependability.

Erosion wear is a kind of material wear phenomenon caused by the interaction between solid surface and fluid containing solid particles with a certain velocity, which exists widely in industrial production and is an important reason for failure and damage to many mechanical devices. Especially under gas-solid two-phase flow conditions, bent pipes suffer from severe erosion wear, greatly reducing their service life and even causing major safety accidents. In order to provide reference for the study of erosion wear and anti-erosion wear of equipment under multiphase flow conditions, this article reviewed the current research status and progress on erosion wear of bent pipes under gas-solid two-phase flow conditions in recent years. Moreover, the main methods currently used to study the erosion wear of gas-solid two-phase flow bends were described, the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used experimental research equipment and numerical simulation methods were summarized emphatically. At last, the prospects for future research on erosion wear of bent pipes under gas-solid two-phase flow conditions were presented.

This article reports on the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical methods to analyze and predict the erosion performance of titania (TiO2) filled ramie‐epoxy based composites. These hybrid composites are prepared by conventional hand lay‐up route and subjected to solid particle erosion tests as per Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. The effects of different control factors on erosion rate of these composites are studied using Taguchi method. It reveals that impact velocity and filler content have significant effect on the erosion wear rate followed by other least significant factors. The individual effect of each control factor while keeping other factors constant is ascertained by performing steady state erosion experiments. Further, a computational model based on ANN is used as a tool to effectively predict the erosion rates of the composites. The results show that the predicted values are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental ones with an accuracy of 90% and relative error lying within a range of 1%–10%. Further, the trained ANN model is validated by considering the erosion rates obtained during steady state erosion process as the input parameter. The possible mechanisms causing the wear loss are identified using electron microscopy. Highlights: Successful fabrication of titanium oxide reinforced hybrid composites.Steady state erosion experiments are performed.Erosion rates are predicted using ANN and compared with the experimental data.Wear loss mechanisms are identified using electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractErosion wear presents a significant challenge in the operation of hydrodynamic systems, particularly in centrifugal pumps. To address this issue, this study employs the coarse-grained Discrete Element Method (CGDEM) coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict erosion wear areas and elucidate particle behavior dynamics. The simulation considers spherical solid particles (brown corundum) with diameters ranging from 0.3 mm to 1 mm and volume fractions of 15% and 5%. The flow field is calculated using the Navier-Stokes equations and the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω model. Particle movement is tracked using Newton’s second law, considering drag and gravitational forces. Results indicate that the highest turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) occurs at a flow rate of Q = 15 m3/h. Moreover, the pressure reduces slightly when the flow rate increases, although flow velocity might increase with volumetric discharge. Additionally, increased particle diameter leads to greater erosion wear, particularly on blade leading edges, the volute tongue area, and the volute casing belly region. As particle mass concentration intensifies, wear rates on the volute wall and inner hub edge also increase. The study’s robustness is demonstrated through alignment between experimental and numerical data. This investigation offers valuable insights into erosion dynamics in centrifugal pumps, crucial for enhancing operational efficiency and mitigating erosion-induced challenges in these critical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erosion wear is a common failure mode in the oil and gas industry. In the hydraulic fracturing, the fracturing pipes are not only in high-pressure working environment, but also suffer from the impact of the high-speed solid particles in the fracturing fluid. Beneath such complex conditions, the vulnerable components of the pipe system are prone to perforation or even burst accidents, which has become one of the most serious risks at the fracturing site. Unfortunately, it is not yet fully understood the erosion mechanism of pipe steel for hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, this article provides a detailed analysis of the erosion behavior of fracturing pipes under complex working conditions based on experiments and numerical simulations. Firstly, we conducted erosion experiments on AISI 4135 steel for fracturing pipes to investigate the erosion characteristics of the material. The effects of impact angle, flow velocity and applied stress on erosion wear were comprehensively considered. Then a particle impact dynamic model of erosion wear was developed based on the experimental parameters, and the evolution process of particle erosion under different impact angles, impact velocities and applied stress was analyzed. By combining the erosion characteristics, the micro-structure of the eroded area, and the micro-mechanics of erosion damage, the erosion mechanism of pipe steel under fracturing conditions was studied in detail for the first time. Under high-pressure operating conditions, it was demonstrated through experiments and numerical simulations that the size of the micro-defects in the eroded area increased as the applied stress increased, resulting in more severe erosion wear of fracturing pipes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of inorganic waste, if included in composite material, can be beneficial in reducing the accumulation of waste, which could help in resolving problems of disposal. beside from that, incorporating waste into composite materials also reduces the overall cost of the composites as a whole. The study examines the impact of dolomite content on the mechanical properties of the composites. Increasing the amount of dolomite in the composite significantly weakens its flexural strength, falling from 42.4 MPa at 0 % dolomite to 28.7 MPa at 15 % dolomite. Composite tensile strength also decreases by up to 25.8 % with rising dolomite dust concentration. Additionally, dolomite increases interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), with EDH15 composites showing the highest improvement. Dolomite dust in epoxy‐based composites increases the hardness value from 85 HRL to 95 HRL with an increase in dolomite dust content. The erosion test perform on air jet tester shows lowest wear rate was achieved under the following conditions: 10 % dolomite dust weight, 30° impingement angle, 10 m s−1 impact velocity, and 150 μm erodent size. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the damaged, eroded surfaces for assumed wear mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the influence of particle parameters on the erosion wear of inclined tandem elbows, the influence of particle flow rate, main erosion area and erosion morphology of the two bends was analyzed by discrete phase model (DPM) by taking the S-type tandem bend with an inclination of 60° as the research object, and the erosion wear of the two bends was compared. The results show that the particle velocity has the greatest influence on the erosion wear of the elbow, which shows an exponential relationship. The influence of particle diameter on elbow 2 is greater than that of elbow 1. The wear of Elbow 2 increases first and then decreases with the increase of particle diameter. When the particle diameter increases to 250 μm, the erosion wear of Elbow 1 is greater than that of elbow 2. Particle mass velocity has little influence on the erosion wear of the pipe. With the increase of particle mass velocity, the erosion rate increases slowly. It can be seen that in order to increase the service life of the bend and reduce the erosion and wear of the elbow, attention should be paid to controlling the fluid flow rate when using. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elbow wear is a major threat to the multiphase pipeline transportation industry, which has a negative impact on the stable operation of the transportation system. In order to find the wear reduction methods of elbows in the fluidization pipeline transportation system for 2000-meter-deep coal resources, the swirler was installed upstream of the elbows, and wear simulations and tests of three kinds of elbows were carried out. The results showed that the maximum wear rate (MWR) of elbows increased and then decreased along the elbow angle. Due to the different directions of gravity, the heavy wear position (HWP) of the horizontal-vertical (H-V) elbow was in front of the vertical-horizontal (V-H) elbow. Because the downstream portion of the horizontal-horizontal (H-H) elbow was still a horizontal pipe, the HWP of the H-H elbow almost covered the whole elbow. The swirler placed upstream of the elbows could make the particles at the elbow move to the intrados of the elbows, resulting in less collision between the particles and the extrados of the elbows, thus reducing the wear of the elbows. The wear reduction effects of swirlers on three different elbows were favorably connected with the guide vane angle (GVA) and negatively correlated with the guide vane length (GVL), decreased first and then increased as the guide vane height (GVH) increased, and were little affected by the guide vane number (GVN) and the guide vane thickness (GVT). The mathematical models between the MWR of the elbows and guide vane parameters were established. By bench tests, the wear reduction effect of three kinds of elbows under the optimal guide vane parameters was 58.4%, 76.9%, and 78.6%, respectively. The errors between the bench test results and the simulation results were around 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on development of an adaptive framework for predicting the erosion performance of polymer composites using certain statistical and machine learning (ML) models. For this, ramie‐epoxy composites reinforced with variations (0–30 wt%) of sponge iron slag (an iron industry waste) are considered. The composites are fabricated and then subjected to high temperature solid particle erosion wear trials following Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. The effects of different control factors on the erosion rate in an interactive environment are appraised by analysis of variance (ANOVA) which reveals the filler content as the most significant factor contributing 66.21%, followed by impact velocity (22.86%) and impingement angle (2.28%). A regression model based on the input–output parameters obtained from experimentation is constructed for prediction of erosion rate. Further, four predictive models using different machine learning algorithms are also proposed to predict the erosion rate of the composites. The feasibility and performance of each ML model is assessed using appropriate performance metrics. Among all the models, the gradient boosting machine model is found to be the most reliable model exhibiting the highest prediction accuracy and least errors. Highlights: Development of novel class of composites reinforced with sponge iron slag.Database creation based on erosion wear experimentation on the composites.Data‐driven modeling for prediction of erosion rates using machine learning.Comparison of performance of different models and identifying the best one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: By implementing optimized interventions, erosion wear can be effectively mitigated, ensuring the long-term structural integrity of piping systems in non-conventional oil plants and promoting safe overall plant operation. These interventions represent a significant leap forward in erosion wear management, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and innovation within the realm of oil plant operations. Erosion in piping structures poses a significant challenge for oil industries as the conveyance of solid particles leads to operational malfunctions and structural failures affecting the overall oil plant operation. Conventional oil recovery methods have historically dominated, while in response to the challenges imposed by declining conventional oil production, the global shift towards non-conventional methods necessitates a reevaluation of erosion mitigation strategies due to increased piping infrastructure. Therefore, in this study research has been conducted to reduce erosion and optimize the piping structure. Variables impacting the erosion in piping were investigated from the literature, and simulation cases were made based on the impacted variables. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs) analysis was performed using the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to determine the erosion wear rate in each simulation case; based on the CFD results, variables with low Turbulent Dissipation Rates (TDRs) and Erosion Rates (ERs) were determined, and the optimized piping structure was designed. As a result, the optimized piping structure showed an 80% reduction in the turbulent dissipation rate and a 99.2% decrease in the erosion wear rate. These findings highlight a substantial improvement in erosion control, ensuring the safety and longevity of piping structures in oil plant operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThe importance of this study is to investigate thoroughly the important design parameter “Erosion wear”. Since erosion wear is a serious phenomenon in which material loss occurs due to the impact of the flow, research is going on experimentally and also computationally. Through the extensive study, various important parameters and flow characteristics were drawn and also discussed the importance given to that parameter which affects erosion wear. Thus, this analysis is useful for the researcher to take care of the important parameter either by the geometrical modification or adding the sacrificial element to the device or etc., to reduce the erosion wear which is taken care of and discussed in this paper. Various erosion test rigs developed by the researchers that can replicate the industrial environment were studied and the overview was given and also the author’s point of view was briefly discussed in this paper. In addition to disseminating best practices and conducting an extensive review of the literature on experimental, computational, and mathematical investigations, the work’s main accomplishments include the identification of certain research gaps and loose ends and the provision of future research directions was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment, monitoring, and prediction of the technical condition of gas turbine unit (GTU) assemblies and components are among the key matters that have to be dealt with during the operation of GTUs. In this connection, various prediction systems that use statistical, experimental, and calculated data on the change in the axial compressor (AC) characteristics resulting from the occurring erosion are becoming of great demand. The article describes an approach to the development of models of erosively worn blades on the basis of freely accessible statistical data on the failures of units as a consequence of a blade compressor's erosion. The article also proposes a body of mathematics for specifying the blade wear degree, introducing the change in the eroded profile chord, and considering the wear nonuniformity along the blade height. The statement of the problem of numerically studying how the erosion degree and pattern affect the compressor stage performance parameters is described. The outcomes from intermediate studies on comparing different geometrical models of erosion are presented along with assessment of their applicability for flow computations in elaborating a prediction model. The results of computations of a transonic compressor stage have been obtained for different erosion wear degrees of its blading in a wide range of operation modes, and the revealed degradation pattern of the stage integral and local characteristics is analyzed. It has been found from analyzing various erosion wear degrees for the stage considered that, if there is an erosion wear, the compressor pressure ratio may drop by up to 3.31%, the ratio of temperatures by up to 1.55%, the adiabatic efficiency by up to 1.15% (abs.), and mass flowrate at the stage choke line up to 1.26%. With decreasing the rotor rotation frequency, the wear influence decreases, and the change in integral characteristics do not exceed 0.10% for the isodrome (a constant rotation frequency line) 70%. The article briefly outlines possible methods for analyzing the results for constructing the correlations between the erosion wear degree and the change in the compressor integral characteristics and also promising lines for development of studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concern for the environmental hazards due to rapid utilization of non-biodegradable resources has persuaded the researchers to develop eco-friendly materials with noble categories of plant-based fibers and fillers. In view of this content, an effort has been initiated in the present work to explore the retrospective effect of PSP (Pistachio shell particles) on both mechanical as well as erosive wear performances of KG (kenaf/glass/kenaf/glass) hybrid polyester laminated composite. The KG laminate with different filler concentration, that is, 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% were fabricated by using hand-lay-up technique and the mechanical properties of these laminates were determined by performing tensile, flexural and impact tests as per ASTM standard. A higher tensile value of 127.35 MPa with modulus of 7.658 GPa and hardness of 21.35 HV was obtained at 5 wt% reinforcement of PSP filler whereas 3 wt% filler reinforcement responded an optimum flexural strength of 112.42 MPa with modulus of 5.214 GPa and impact strength of 75.59 KJ/m2. To evaluate the wear performance of this laminates against high-speed solid particle, erosion wear test was carried out at different striking velocity and impingement angles. A noticeable reduction of 12.63% in wear rate was found due to increase with concentration PSP filler from 0% to 5 wt%. Further, the η (erosion efficiency) was also found to be limited within the range of 5.94% to 32.98%. From micrographic analysis of the fracture surface, micro-ploughing and micro-cutting actions were found to be most predominant primary wear mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutting edge preparation is a precision machining process that improves the surface quality of cutting tools through the relative movement of abrasives and the tool. Research on removing materials in drag finishing can be greatly beneficial to tool manufacturing. This paper proposes the hypothesis that both abrasive wear and erosion wear act on the surface of milling tools and discusses the material removal models for abrasive wear and erosion wear. The influence of immersion depth, abrasive velocity, abrasive radius, and abrasive density on the material removal rate in two material removal forms is compared and validated by discrete element simulations. The results show that immersion depth has a greater impact on abrasive wear, while abrasive properties have a greater impact on erosion wear. The correlation between simulation results and theoretical models demonstrates the sensitivity of the two forms of wear on this surface to parameter change differences. Dragging finishing was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the simulation, and the effects of immersion depth, dragging velocity, and abrasive properties on the edge radius and form factor (K value) were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction : The present study has demonstrated the effect of short jute fiber on physical, mechanical and erosion wear performance of PLA based composite. Problem Statement : An attempt has been made to develop and investigate the environment friendly and biodegradable composites based on jute fiber and PLA composite. Materials and Method : The erosion wear performance was assessed on Air-jet erosion tester. The design of experiments was prepared as per Taguchi orthogonal array L16 under for different factors of impact velocity, impingement angle, erodent size and jute fiber fraction and level of each factor was kept four. ANOVA was applied to find the best significant factor affecting erosion rate of composite. Main Results : The finding of results indicated that the density significantly increased with the addition of jute fiber and in parallel, it indicated the increment in the void content. The mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and fracture toughness of PLA based composite reinforced with 15 wt.-% jute fiber were increased by 59%, 233%, 42%, 62% and 168% respectively. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity of the composite was decreased by 31% with the addition of 15 wt.-% of jute fiber. The minimum erosion wear rate was obtained for 15 wt.-% of jute fiber under impact velocity of 35 m/sec and angle of impingement of 90° and erodent size of 250 µm. Finally, ANOVA concluded that the impact velocity and jute fiber fraction played the most important role in influencing the erosion wear rate of PLA composite. Recommendation : For many construction and structural applications, jute PLA/fiber composite can be suitable due to excellent mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Concrete bridge piers face relentless erosion from Wind Gravel Flow (WGF) in Lanzhou–Xinjiang High–Speed Railway, resulting in pronounced wear on their surfaces, which could potentially induce additional structural defects. This study aims at the erosion wear performance and its corresponding damage mechanisms in concrete under WGF, using the airborne sandblasting method as a tool for this analysis. The study suggests that the Concrete Erosion Rate (CER) intensifies parallel to increases in both erosion angle and wind speed. Low angle erosion predominantly causes surface damage through cutting, while high angle erosion results in erosion pits and cracks. Notably, CER initially rises but eventually stabilizes with varying erosion times. A widened gravel particle size interval leads to a consistent reduction in the CER, but it concurrently heightens the likelihood of erosion caused by individual gravel particles on the concrete surfaces. An expanded gravel particle size interval results in a considerable increase in both the size and depth of erosion pits on the concrete surface. On the other hand, a narrowed particle size interval contributes to a significant upsurge in the number of erosion pits, causing the CER to diminish as the particle size interval increases. A novel model adapted for concrete exposed to the windy conditions of the Gobi has been developed. The model’s accuracy has been substantiated via numerical simulations, which illustrates that an uptick in erosion wind speed considerably boosts the airflow velocity around the concrete sample. In contrast, the pressure distribution on the surface steadily decreases from the center to the periphery. As erosion wind speed increases, airflow velocity and surface pressure around the concrete specimen rise significantly. Furthermore, the surface pressure of concrete increases with a broader gravel particle size interval. In conclusion, this study provides a strong scientific and theoretical underpinning for the protection of concrete bridge piers in the wind–prone Gobi regions.

Titanium alloys are applied in oil and gas development and transportation to improve conditions because of their high specific strength and corrosion resistance. However, the disadvantage of poor wear resistance has become an obstacle to developing titanium alloys. The friction and wear properties of pure titanium TA3 and titanium alloy TA10 were tested under different loads and different friction forms using a reciprocating friction and wear tester. Moreover, the erosion resistance of pure titanium TA3 and titanium alloy TA10 was studied using a gas–solid erosion tester. The results show that the wear rate of TA3 and titanium alloy TA10 increases with increasing friction load. Under a load of 50 N, the mass losses of TA3 under dry friction and wet friction were 0.0013 g and 0.0045 g, respectively, while the mass losses of TA10 were 0.0033 g and 0.0046 g, respectively. While the load increased to 70 N, the mass loss of TA3 was even greater, reaching 0.0065 g, and the mass loss of TA10 was 0.0058 g. The wear forms of TA3 and TA10 include abrasive wear, adhesive wear and oxidation wear. The joint action of various friction forms leads to the loss of materials. Under the simulated working conditions, the erosion rates of TA3 and TA10 were 1.01 × 10−3 g/s and 0.94 × 10−3 g/s. The erosion mechanism is the same, including plowing, indentation and cracking.

Polymeric materials are widely used in aerospace, biomedical, marine, and agricultural applications due to their viscoelasticity and corrosion resistance. Polymeric materials fail due to wear during their service life, so studying their wear behavior is essential to control and predict their service life. This paper summarizes the progress of water lubrication research as well as experimental studies on the wear of polymeric materials under aqueous conditions. The effects of lubrication conditions, material formulation ratios, load, sliding speed, impact angle, abrasive particles, and temperature factors on the wear behavior of commonly used polymeric materials ideal for water lubrication (NBR, SBR, NR, EP, polyethylene, and their composites, etc.) are summarized in terms of the three most frequently occurring forms of wear, namely, two-body wet sliding wear, two-body erosive wear, and three-body wet abrasive particle wear. The results show that the mechanical properties, such as hardness, can be effectively changed by altering the formulation ratios of the materials, and the hardness and hydrophilicity of the formulations can further affect the wear and lubrication. In general, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate decrease with the increase in hardness, and the increase in temperature leads to the localized lubrication failure and the aging of the materials, which in turn leads to the intensification of wear. Among the working condition factors, load and sliding speeds are the most important factors affecting the wear, and the wear rate increases with the increase in the load and sliding speed; in contrast, the three-body wet abrasive wear is more obviously affected by the load. In the study of the impact angle effect, the overall trend of the erosion wear rate with the increase in the angle shows the first rise and then fall, the maximum value is mostly concentrated in the 45–60° between. Usually, the increase in the abrasive particle size can make the wear rate increase. Overall, the three-body wet abrasive wear of the rubber material wear rate shows first an increase and then a decrease. The research in this paper provides theoretical support and reference ideas for the tribological study of polymer materials in the water environment and puts forward the outlook for future water lubrication and material improvement of the research directions and applications.

The present study utilizes a slurry-pot wear tester to investigate the relationship between slurry concentration and slurry-erosion performance of sDSS 2507/IN625 dissimilar weld joint (DWJ). Varying slurry concentrations (10 and 30 wt.% silica sand) were utilized to investigate erosion, weight loss, and wear mechanisms in severe environments. The study aimed to provide an in-depth knowledge of erosion behaviors by analyzing surface characteristics, microstructure characteristics, and material removal mechanisms. The electron probe micro-analyzer studied weld zone element segregation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined microstructure and erosion mechanism. ER2594 filler weld shows higher microhardness as compared to weld fabricated using ERNiCrMo-3 filler metal. Sand particle density, particle-to-surface contact, particle interactions, and fluid impacts increase cumulative weight loss and decrease erosion rate per unit solids weight. Slurry concentration increased weight loss by 23% for sDSS 2507 BM and 33% for IN-625 BM. ER2594-LHI lost 72% and ERNiCrMo-3-LHI 77% more weight with increasing slurry concentration. Filler ERNiCrMo-3 has less erosion wear than filler ER2594 as the concentration of slurry increases. SDSS 2507 BM and IN-625 BM erode 1.45 and 1.8 times faster with increasing slurry concentration, respectively. The erosion rate of ER2594-LHI and ERNiCrMo-3-LHI increases 0.85 and 1.2 times with slurry concentration. SEM analysis of the worn surface exhibits mixed cutting–ploughing modes coexisting with the formation of craters. The material removal has predominantly occurred from the cutting and ploughing mechanism, whereas the characteristic presence of craters and frontal and lateral lips is also found across the entire surface. The results from this study suggest the optimum heat input to be maintained during weld fabrication of sDSS 2507/IN-625 using ER 2594 and ERNiCrMo-3 filler metals for enhanced resistance against slurry erosion wear. Also, an insight into the wear mechanism helps in understanding the effect of microstructural features on the wear performance of welds in operational conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the oil and gas industry, benders and sinks in pipeline delivery systems are vulnerable to erosion by solid particles, which reduces the ability of pipelines to withstand high pressures and increases risks during transmission. The development history of erosion mechanism of solid particles was reviewed, the current research status of erosion behavior of solid particles was summarized, and the theoretical models of erosion of plastic and brittle materials were summarized. Secondly, the influence factors of erosion erosion were described from two aspects of liquid flow properties and solid particle flow properties, and the advantages and application range of each turbulence model and erosion model were evaluated. Then, the research progress of fluid simulation software in pipeline erosion simulation was reviewed. From elbow to manifold, to high pressure pump and cyclone separator, the simulated objects have complex geometric shapes. The simulation accuracy of calculation is greatly increased by the change of mesh division from non-deformation to deformable and then to no mesh division. Finally, the next research and development direction of erosion simulation in pipeline industry was proposed. It provides reference for erosion prediction and location layout design of pipeline system in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural and synthetic fibers are combined in a single composite to achieve a balance between the desired strength and cost considerations. In this study, the vacuum resin transfer moulding process was used to prepare an epoxy‐based composite. The composite consisted of grewia optiva as the natural fiber and glass fiber as the synthetic fiber, both with a fixed weightage of 10 %. Dolomite was used as a filler with varying content (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 weight %). The physical, mechanical, erosion wear and morphological behavior of the epoxy‐based composite were investigated. The inclusion of dolomite filler significantly increased the composite hardness and impact strength but reduced its tensile and flexural strength. At a dolomite filler content of 10 weight %, the erosive wear was reduced, while it increased at higher dolomite filler contents. The composite was examined using the L16 array, and the minimum wear rate was observed at an impingement angle of 30°, a velocity of 10 m/s, and an erodent size of 150 μm. Morphological studies were conducted to explore the possible mechanism for the variation in erosive wear at different dolomite contents in the hybrid composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying the erosion behavior of fracturing pipelines, it is inevitable to consider the exacerbating effect of fluctuating internal pressure on pipeline erosion damage. Therefore, an erosion experimental apparatus capable of applying fluctuating tensile loads to specimens was developed to investigate the erosion rate of 35CrMo steel at different average tensile stresses (0–500 MPa), impact angles (15–90°), flow velocity (7.5–20 m/s), and experimental times (10–60 min), and to analyze the erosion damage mechanism under fluctuating loads by observing the microstructure within the erosion scars using scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that erosion rate increased up to 36.84% compared to that without loading under the same erosion condition. Erosion rate increased up to 822.00% when velocity increased from minimum to maximum. Under fluctuating loads, the deepest part of the erosion scar cracked first and the specimen eventually fractured completely along with its entire width, demonstrating that the newly established experimental conditions can well reproduce the sudden bursting phenomenon common to high-pressure pipelines that erode under harsh conditions. The fracture of the specimen shows laminar structure, which is a typical damage feature resulting from the combined effect of a great number of tensile stress cycles and erosion wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erosion in piping structures poses a significant challenge for oil industries as the conveyance of solid particles leads to operational malfunctions and structural failures affecting the overall oil plant operation. Conventional oil recovery methods have historically dominated, while in response to the challenges imposed by declining conventional oil production, the global shift towards non-conventional methods necessitates a reevaluation of erosion mitigation strategies due to increased piping infrastructure. Therefore, in this study research has been conducted to reduce erosion and optimize the piping structure. Variables impacting the erosion in piping were investigated from the literature, and simulation cases were made based on the impacted variables. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs) analysis was performed using the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to determine the erosion wear rate in each simulation case; based on the CFD results, variables with low Turbulent Dissipation Rates (TDRs) and Erosion Rates (ERs) were determined, and the optimized piping structure was designed. As a result, the optimized piping structure showed an 80% reduction in the turbulent dissipation rate and a 99.2% decrease in the erosion wear rate. These findings highlight a substantial improvement in erosion control, ensuring the safety and longevity of piping structures in oil plant operations.

Abstract In the later stages of gas field development, corrosion and erosion wear often occur in elbow-shaped connections used for gas transportation. Combined with laboratory corrosion experiments, the paper is based on CFD to study the distribution characteristics of pressure and velocity in the flow field for the elbow with pre-set corrosion defects. Simultaneously, the specific procedure is designed to track the formation of Dean vortices, thereby revealing the impact patterns of different corrosion defect features on the erosion outcomes of the elbow. Accordingly, the effect of different arrangement, number and form of corrosion defects on erosion wear was systematically analyzed. The results show that: (1) A comparative analysis of the three different defect distribution forms indicates that erosion occurs mainly at the bend near the outlet Section (45° ~ 60°). Double corrosion defects in the radial distribution will significantly accelerate the rate of pipe erosion, changing the location of maximum erosion rate. (2) By controlling the number of corrosion defects to represent the size of the corroded area, the study reveals as the number of defects increases, the rate and area of erosion in surface of the target material increases significantly. Thus, the area of the corrosion will explicitly change the effect of erosion. (3) As the depth of the defects (corrosion rate) increase, the erosion rate around the radial and axial defects increases exponentially compared to the absence of corrosion, reaching a maximum of 7.8 × 10−6 kg/(m2·s). Corrosion and erosion are two complementary forms of damage to pipe in the production process. The presence of corrosion defects leads to faster erosion rates and changes in the overflow area, reducing service life. Hence, only a reasonable control of both types of wear can ensure the longevity of gas production and transportation.

In the later stages of gas field development, corrosion and erosion wear often occur in elbow-shaped connections used for gas transportation. Combined with laboratory corrosion experiments, the paper is based on CFD to study the distribution characteristics of pressure and velocity in the flow field for the elbow with pre-set corrosion defects. Simultaneously, the specific procedure is designed to track the formation of Dean vortices, thereby revealing the impact patterns of different corrosion defect features on the erosion outcomes of the elbow. Accordingly, the effect of different arrangement, number and form of corrosion defects on erosion wear was systematically analyzed. The results show that: (1) A comparative analysis of the three different defect distribution forms indicates that erosion occurs mainly at the bend near the outlet Section (45° ~ 60°). Double corrosion defects in the radial distribution will significantly accelerate the rate of pipe erosion, changing the location of maximum erosion rate. (2) By controlling the number of corrosion defects to represent the size of the corroded area, the study reveals as the number of defects increases, the rate and area of erosion in surface of the target material increases significantly. Thus, the area of the corrosion will explicitly change the effect of erosion. (3) As the depth of the defects (corrosion rate) increase, the erosion rate around the radial and axial defects increases exponentially compared to the absence of corrosion, reaching a maximum of 7.8 × 10−6 kg/(m2·s). Corrosion and erosion are two complementary forms of damage to pipe in the production process. The presence of corrosion defects leads to faster erosion rates and changes in the overflow area, reducing service life. Hence, only a reasonable control of both types of wear can ensure the longevity of gas production and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The required steam for steam‐assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) oil sands operations is generated using a once‐through steam generator (OTSG) that is fed with relatively poor quality process water. Industries have reported possible solid particle erosion‐related failure in the OTSG boiler tubes because of the transport of precipitated dense inorganic particles. However, the presence of other damage mechanisms, e.g. corrosion, flow accelerated corrosion (FAC), often masks the evidence of erosive wear. Also, industries set an upper limit operating velocity for the OTSG using the API RP 14E guideline, which provides no quantitative erosion rates to determine an operating envelope. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of erosion damage in a SAGD OTSG boiler tube. The results revealed that API RP 14E may not be an effective decision‐making tool for operating the OTSG system. For example, a 10% increase in velocity, even at conditions below the API RP 14E threshold, showed a decrease in the failure time of the boiler tubes by 40%–50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti-6Al-4V is a widely used titanium alloy in aviation and bio/chemical applications for its attractive mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The use of Ti-6Al-4V as a coating for repair purposes through thermal spray techniques provides a unique productivity opportunity. A repair coating must be dense to provide the required in-service functionalities, such as resistance to wear. The High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF) thermal spray technique deposits dense coatings with reduced concern for oxide inclusions. This work presents an investigation of the microstructure, dry sliding, and solid particle erosive wear performance of four different coatings engineered through the configuration of the nozzle of an HVAF spray gun, based on the length of the nozzle and the size of the nozzle exit. A long nozzle length and wide nozzle exit mean increased inflight dwell time and reduced average inflight temperature for the sprayed particles, respectively—a reversed configuration means the opposite. The tested coatings showed a porosity of less than 2%. The sliding and erosion wear performance of the densest of the coatings compares to that of the bulk material tested under the same conditions. Electron microscopy was used to investigate the driving mechanisms for the performance of the respective coatings. The implications of the results are discussed for the potential adoption of HVAF-sprayed coatings in metal component repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, a steel industry waste Linz–Donawitz (LD) sludge was added in different proportions with a polypropylene (PP) matrix and composite specimens were manufactured using the hand layup method. Experiments were performed to study the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear properties of the PP–LD sludge composites. This investigation also includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x‐ray diffraction analysis of filler and composites. The erosion wear tests were carried out by Taguchi's experimental array design, where the effect of five control factors (impingement angle, filler content, erodent size, impact velocity, and erodent temperature) on erosion rate was analyzed. It was observed that filler content is the most influencing factor affecting were rate of the composites. At the maximum filler content of 20 wt%, the compressive strength and hardness increased to 85.71 MPa and 0.643 GPa, respectively. The tensile strength of the composites marginally decreased by 12.97% with the addition of 20 wt% filler. It was further observed that the flexural strength of the neat polymer decreased from 29.23 to 22.98 MPa with the addition of 20 wt% LD sludge. The SEM pictures of the eroded surface exhibited that the material removal is due to micro cracking and crack propagation. Highlights: In this study, an industrial waste (LD sludge) is successfully used as a potential filler material in the PP matrix.Physical and mechanical properties of the PP‐LD sludge composites are analyzed.Effects of different parameters like filler content, impact velocity, impingement angle, erodent size and erodent temperature on the wear behavior are studied.Scanning electron microscopy is carried out so that a micro‐examination of the surfaces can be performed, as well as an assessment of the wear derbies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, sprinkler irrigation has been promoted in the Yellow River irrigation regions as traditional farmland irrigation accounts for a large proportion of its water application. However, water with high sediment content in the Yellow River can easily cause surface erosion, leading to sprinkler structure deformation and resulting in a decrease in irrigation quality. To investigate the wear rules of the fixed spray plate sprinkler, an indoor experiment combined with a numerical simulation was conducted to analyse the erosion position and rate under different working conditions, and the high accuracy of the numerical simulation was verified. Consequently, the relationships between cone height, groove length, velocity, and sediment content were determined by regression analysis. The results indicated that the erosion of the sprinkler was primarily concentrated at the cone and grooves. With an increase in the duration of irrigation, the cone height and groove length decreased. Over 48 h, for a sediment content of 1.0%, at increasing velocities of 9.87, 13.69, 16.75, 19.42, and 21.65 m s−1, cone height decreased from 2.80 mm to 2.48, 2.39, 2.32, 2.25, and 2.23 mm, respectively, and groove length decreased from 10.50 mm to 8.88, 8.30, 7.82, 7.71, and 7.11 mm, respectively. The erosion rate showed an exponential increasing trend with an increase in velocity and a linear increasing trend with an increase in sediment content. Equations for structural changes were obtained, which were used to analyse erosion at different velocities and sediment contents to provide a reference for the failure prediction of fixed spray plate sprinklers. • The erosion of the spray plate sprinkler mainly occurs at the cone and grooves. • Velocity and sediment content extremely affect the erosion of spray plate sprinkler. • The erosion response equations of cone height and groove length were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reports erosion wear characteristics of polyester matrix composite reinforced with short fibres of sugar cane. Erosion tests were conducted using silica sand particles of size (200–500 µm) using a locally designed air jet-type erosion test rig. The sugarcane fibre-reinforced polyester composites (5% wt.) with different fibre lengths (3, 12, 48 mm) were impacted by sand particles at a fixed velocity of 60 m/s, impact angles (30°, 60°, 90°) and erodent weight of (2500,7500) gm. ANOVA approach was used to determine the most significant parameter and their combinations that minimize the erosion rate. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations were conducted to investigate the erosion mechanisms. Results indicated that the erosion rate is greatly influenced by fibre length as well as the erodent weight. Moreover, at an erodent weight of 2500gm, the behaviour of the material turns from brittle into ductile. At an erodent weight of 7500gm, the erosion rate is inversely proportional to the fibre length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutting edge preparation is a precision machining process that improves the surface quality of cutting tools through the relative movement of abrasives and the tool. Research on removing materials in drag finishing can be greatly beneficial to tool manufacturing. This paper proposes the hypothesis that both abrasive wear and erosion wear act on the surface of milling tools and discusses the material removal models for abrasive wear and erosion wear. The influence of immersion depth, abrasive velocity, abrasive radius, and abrasive density on the material removal rate in two material removal forms is compared and validated by discrete element simulations. The results show that immersion depth has a greater impact on abrasive wear, while abrasive properties have a greater impact on erosion wear. The correlation between simulation results and theoretical models demonstrates the sensitivity of the two forms of wear on this surface to parameter change differences. Dragging finishing was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the simulation, and the effects of immersion depth, dragging velocity, and abrasive properties on the edge radius and form factor (K value) were studied.