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This study aims to conduct the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) developed by Hutchins and Prelock (2016) for 3-5-year-old children. The study group consists of 310 mothers with children in the 3-5 age group in Konya city center. Personal Information Form and Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) were used as data collection tools in the study. After the TOMI-2 was translated into Turkish, the normality assumption was checked with the "Shapiro-Wilk" test. The relationship between two continuous variables was evaluated with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Content Validity, Criterion Validity, and Reliability analyses were also used in the study. The findings of the analyses show that the Turkish version of the TOMI-2 is a valid and reliable measurement tool for children aged 3-5, with 60 items in the original form.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of a distance professional development course, within the framework of the Preschool Situational Self-Regulation Program (PRSIST), on the knowledge, beliefs, and skills of early childhood education teachers about self-regulation skills. One of the qualitative methods, the case study, was preferred for the current study. The research was conducted with 5 early childhood education teachers, working in a city in middle Anatolia, Turkey. The teachers attended the synchronous distance professional development course 1 day a week for 5 weeks. The total duration of the five sessions was 120 minutes. Interview forms, reflective journals, and documents were used as data collection tools. As a result of the research, it was found that the course had positive impact on teachers' knowledge, skills, and beliefs about self-regulation skills.

PURPOSE: Current therapy strategies still provide only limited success in the treatment of glioblastoma, the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults. In addition to the characterization of the tumor microenvironment, global changes in the brain of patients with glioblastoma have been described. However, the impact and molecular signature of neuroinflammation distant of the primary tumor site have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We performed translocator protein (TSPO)-PET in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (n = 41), astrocytoma WHO grade 2 (n = 7), and healthy controls (n = 20) and compared TSPO-PET signals of the non-lesion (i.e., contralateral) hemisphere. Back-translation into syngeneic SB28 glioblastoma mice was used to characterize Pet alterations on a cellular level. Ultimately, multiplex gene expression analyses served to profile immune cells in remote brain. RESULTS: Our study revealed elevated TSPO-PET signals in contralateral hemispheres of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma compared to healthy controls. Contralateral TSPO was associated with persisting epileptic seizures and shorter overall survival independent of the tumor phenotype. Back-translation into syngeneic glioblastoma mice pinpointed myeloid cells as the predominant source of contralateral TSPO-PET signal increases and identified a complex immune signature characterized by myeloid cell activation and immunosuppression in distant brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroinflammation within the contralateral hemisphere can be detected with TSPO-PET imaging and associates with poor outcome in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The molecular signature of remote neuroinflammation promotes the evaluation of immunomodulatory strategies in patients with detrimental whole brain inflammation as reflected by high TSPO expression.

Amaç: Çalışma, ulusal ve uluslararası literatürde planşlar hakkındaki sınırlı bilgiyi genişletmek amacıyla bu planşların üretim süreçlerini, teknik özelliklerini ve anatomi eğitimindeki kullanım biçimlerini incelemeyi hedeflemiştir.Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Ege Üniversitesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı arşivinde yer alan planşları incelemek amacıyla tarihsel doküman analizi yöntemi kullanmıştır. Ana veri kaynakları, planş kataloğu, eğitim materyali kayıt belgeleri, fotoğraflar ve planşların kendilerini içermektedir. Literatür taraması, planşların tarihsel ve eğitimsel önemini vurgularken, arşiv belgelerinin içerik analizi, verileri “teknik detaylar,” “eğitimde kullanım” ve “tarihsel bağlam” başlıkları altında sınıflandırmıştır. PubMed, Google Scholar ve Web of Science’da “planş,” “medikal illüstrasyon” ve “tıp eğitimi tarihi” gibi anahtar kelimelerle 1900-2024 yılları arasındaki medikal illüstrasyonun tarihsel gelişimi analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dönemi’nin erken dönem profesyonel medikal illüstrasyon örneklerinden biri olan 2000’den fazla planş incelenmiştir. Bu planşların, eğitim hedeflerini karşılamak üzere titizlikle tasarlandığı ve dönemin teknolojik kısıtlamalarına rağmen yüksek görsel kalite sunduğu belirlenmiştir. Planşlar, bilgisayar teknolojilerinin eğitime entegrasyonuna kadar anatomi eğitiminde merkezi bir rol oynamıştır. Ancak, literatür taraması bu planşların uluslararası medikal illüstrasyon çalışmalarında sınırlı bir yere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.Sonuç: Çalışma, Türkiye’deki sistematik medikal illüstrasyon faaliyetlerinin önemine ve bu planşların anatomi eğitimindeki görsel öğrenme süreçlerindeki kritik rolüne ışık tutmaktadır. Tıbbi illüstrasyon faaliyetlerinin sistematik olarak belgelenmesi ve kurumsal desteklerle geliştirilmesi gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

Background Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is characterized by loss of the normal atonia of REM sleep accompanied by repetitive motor and behavior phenomena of dream content.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of teacher autonomy on dedication to the teaching profession according to teacher perceptions. The research was designed in the causal relational survey model to determine the relationship between teacher autonomy and dedication to the teaching profession. The study population of the research consisted of 475 teachers working in primary schools in the city center of Bolu, and feedback was obtained from 318 teachers. Teacher Autonomy Scale and Teaching Profession Scale were used as data collection tools in the research. Parametric tests were used in my research because the data showed a normal distribution. According to the results of the research, although it is a positive result that teachers' autonomy is at a high level in the dimensions of scale total, teaching process, and professional communication autonomy, it is a remarkable result that it is at a medium level in the dimensions of curriculum autonomy and professional development autonomy. Teachers' perceptions of dedication to the profession are high in all dimensions, including commitment to the profession, devotion to students, and self-sacrificing work on the total scale. In general, there is a positive, moderate, and high level significant relationship between the whole and dimensions of the teacher autonomy scale and the scale of dedication to the teaching profession. Teacher autonomy is a significant predictor of commitment to the teaching profession. Teacher autonomy scale sub-dimensions: the scale of dedication to the teaching profession significantly predicts the dimensions of commitment to the profession, dedication to students, and selfless work.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the potential for drug-drug interactions in adult patients admitted to the emergency departments.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 410 patients who were admitted to the red zone of the emergency departments, examined, treated, and received multiple medications. Drug-drug interaction analysis was conducted using LexiInteract software.Results: The median age of patients was 63 (range, 19-96) years, with 55.4% (n=227) being female and 44.6% (n=183) were male. A total of 1,230 medications were identified among the patients. In 181 (44.1%) patients, 330 possible drug-drug interactions were detected. While there was no significant difference in the rate of drug-drug interactions between male and female patients (p=0.658), this rate was higher in patients aged 65 years and over (p=0.048) and patients with polypharmacy (p

Aim: The emergence of advanced duct occluder devices has made transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure the preferred treatment for pediatric patients. This study compared the effectiveness, safety, and long-term outcomes of various transcatheter PDA closure devices. Materials and Methods: This study involved 320 patients aged 0 to 18 years who underwent transcatheter PDA closure at our hospital from 2004 to 2023. We retrospectively reviewed their records in order to assess procedure success, demographic information, clinical features, angiographic parameters, and complications. Patients were categorized by closure type: Group I for coil closure, Group II for Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO)-I closure, and Group III for ADO-II closure. Results: In this study of 320 patients, 203 (63.4%) were female and 117 (36.4%) male. The average age was 56.5 months (±49.6), with a median weight of 15 kg (interquartile range 10.5-23 kg). The median diameter of the PDA at its narrowest point was 2.0 mm (interquartile range 2-3 mm). Ductal anatomy distribution was as follows: Type A (176 patients, 55%), type B (49 patients, 15.3%), type C (30 patients, 9.3%), type D (5 patients, 1.56%), type E (57 patients, 17.8%), and type F (4 patients, 1.25%). Arterial access was used in 263 patients (82.1%), and venous plus arterial access in 57 patients (17.8%). Closure techniques included the ADO-II in 107 cases (33.4%), ADO-I in 12 cases (3.75%), and coils in 201 cases (62%). The early closure rate was 97.5%, with initial shunt rates of 0.6% and 0.3% at one month. Device embolization occurred in 5 patients (1.87%). By the six-month follow-up, all PDAs had closed, resulting in an overall transaction success rate of 97.5%. The average follow-up period was 105.8±55 months. Conclusion: Percutaneous closure of PDA in children is safe and effective, with a high success rate. Key factors include the patient’s age, weight, duct dimensions, and the type and size of the PDA. ADO-I devices are ideal for larger defects, while coil or ADO-II devices are preferable for smaller ones. Proper patient selection is critical for successful outcomes.

Objective: Aim of study was to describe the clinical characteristics and short-term survival of adult patients diagnosed with skeletal Ewing sarcoma. Methods: This descriptive study included 15 patients who underwent surgical treatment after being diagnosed with skeletal Ewing sarcoma and received perioperative treatment between January 2017 and February 2023. Patients were retrospectively evaluated for tumor recurrence, metastasis development, and survival. Results: Of the 15 patients, 10 were men and 5 were women. At the time of diagnosis, 11 (73.33%) patients were found to be non-metastatic. Bone marrow transplantation was performed in 12 (80%) patients. Metastasis was detected during the follow-up period in 6 (40%) patients. Local recurrence developed in 10 (66.7%) patients, and additional surgeries were planned due to recurrence in 5 (33.3%). Second recurrence developed in 4 (26.67%) patients and 2 (13.3%) patients who required additional surgery. Overall, survival after surgical treatment was 4 years in 11 (73.33%) patients. Conclusion: Treatment protocols applied to adult patients with Ewing sarcoma are often adapted from pediatric clinical studies or have been developed based on the experiences of the centers. Therefore, to achieve better outcomes, it is crucial to report the treatment protocols and patient outcomes of centers providing care for adult Ewing sarcoma patients and contribute these findings to the literature in order to develop an optimal treatment strategy.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prediction level of teachers' psychological empowerment perceptions on their job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. The research is designed in the relational survey model. 400 teachers working in primary schools in Bolu, Turkey participated in the study and out of 356 teachers participating in the study voluntarily, 314 scales were delivered back and evaluated. Psychological Empowerment Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale and Organizational Citizenship Scale were used as data collection instruments. The findings indicated that teachers' perceptions of psychological empowerment were moderate in self-determination, and high in other dimensions and the whole scale. The moderate level of teachers' perceptions of job satisfaction and organizational citizenship is a striking and concerning result. When teachers do not have high level of job satisfaction, their performance will decrease, and it will be difficult for these teachers to exhibit organizational citizenship behavior. In the study, that the teachers' perceptions of psychological empowerment affect both job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors necessitates the importance of psychological empowerment in increasing teachers' job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. In this sense, it is an important finding that teachers' job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors will be increased by means of them having self-determination over their work, increasing their competence, making them influential by allowing to think, talk about and intervene the incidents that occur in the school, and ensuring their participation in work-related decisions. The finding indicating that teachers' perceptions of psychological empowerment play an important role in increasing their job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior reveals the authenticity of the research.

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the power types used by school principals and the power distance perceptions of teachers. The population is composed of the teachers in Mugla (Turkey) and Tamale (Ghana). The sample is made up of 384 teachers from Mugla and 407 teachers from Tamale. The data used in this research were collected using Power Type Scale and Power Distance Scale, both of which were developed in schools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were used in determining teachers' views of the power types used by school principals and the teachers' power distance perceptions. T-test was used in determining the differences in opinions and perceptions regarding the power types and power distance according to the demographic variables considered in this study. In the statistical analysis made; 0.5 was chosen as the significant value. According to the findings of the research, Mugla and Tamale principals exhibited the same order of preference in the power types they employ. Mugla principals and Tamale principals used reward power and legitimate power respectively at statistically significant levels. Regarding power distance, Tamale teachers' perceptions in all the dimensions of power distance were higher than Mugla teachers' perceptions at statistically significant levels. In both Mugla and Tamale samples, power types used by principals were found to be very good predictors of teachers' power distance perceptions.

This study aims to conduct the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) developed by Hutchins and Prelock (2016) for 3-5-year-old children. The study group consists of 310 mothers with children in the 3-5 age group in Konya city center. Personal Information Form and Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) were used as data collection tools in the study. After the TOMI-2 was translated into Turkish, the normality assumption was checked with the "Shapiro-Wilk" test. The relationship between two continuous variables was evaluated with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Content Validity, Criterion Validity, and Reliability analyses were also used in the study. The findings of the analyses show that the Turkish version of the TOMI-2 is a valid and reliable measurement tool for children aged 3-5, with 60 items in the original form.

The study aims to investigate the relationship between serum hornerin levels and disease severity and pain scores and to evaluate hornerin’s potential as a biomarker and its role in understanding the etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia (FM).

This study advances the understanding of climate projection variabilities in the Nemunas River, Curonian Lagoon, and southeastern Baltic Sea continuum by analyzing the output of a coupled ocean and drainage basin modeling system forced by a subset of climate models. A dataset from a downscaled high-resolution regional atmospheric climate model driven by four different global climate models was bias-corrected and used to set up the hydrological (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) and hydrodynamic (Shallow water HYdrodynamic Finite Element Model, SHYFEM) modeling system. This study investigates the variability and trends in environmental parameters such as water fluxes, timing, nutrient load, water temperature, ice cover, and saltwater intrusions under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The analysis highlights the differences among model results underscoring the inherent uncertainties in projecting climatic impacts, hence highlighting the necessity of using multi-model ensembles to improve the accuracy of climate change impact assessments. Modeling results were used to evaluate the possible environmental impact due to climate change through the analysis of the cold-water fish species reproduction season. We analyze the duration of cold periods ( °C) as a thermal window for burbot (Lota lota L.) spawning, calculated assuming different climate forcing scenarios and models. The analysis indicated coherent shrinking of the cold period and presence of changepoints during historical and different periods in the future; however, not all trends reach statistical significance, and due to high variability within the projections, they are less reliable. This means there is a considerable amount of uncertainty in these projections, highlighting the difficulty of making reliable climate change impact assessments.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) on the survival outcomes of nivolumab used as a subsequent therapy after the failure of at least one anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent in patients with metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: We included 106 de novo metastatic ccRCC patients who received nivolumab after progression on at least one anti-VEGF agent. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting survival in patients receiving nivolumab. Results: Of the 106 de novo metastatic ccRCC patients, 83 (78.3%) underwent CN. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, tumor size, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk group, number of previous treatment lines, first-line anti-VEGF therapy, or metastasis sites (p = 0.137, p = 0.608, p = 0.100, p = 0.376, p = 0.185, p = 0.776, p = 0.350, and p = 0.608, respectively). The patients who received nivolumab with CN had a longer time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) [14.5 months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.6–20.3] than did those without CN 6.7 months (95% CI: 3.9–9.5) (p = 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) was 22.7 months (95% CI: 16.1–29.4). The patients with CN had a median OS of 22.9 months (95% CI: 16.3–29.4), while those without CN had a median OS of 8.1 months (95% CI: 5.6–10.5) (p = 0.104). In the multivariate analysis, CN [hazard ratio (HR): 0.521; 95% CI: 0.297–0.916; p = 0.024] and the IMDC risk score (p = 0.011) were statistically significant factors affecting TTD; however, the IMDC risk score (p = 0.006) was the only significant factor for overall survival. Conclusions: Our study showed that the TTD of nivolumab was longer in metastatic ccRCC patients who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigation the relationship between misophonia symptoms and autistic traits in adults. In accordance with this investigation, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether misophonia is a symptom of autism. Method: The study included 445 participants without psychiatric disorders or hearing impairments. Self-report questionnaires were utilized to evaluate the severity of misophonia symptoms and autistic traits. On the basis of the results of the self-report questionnaires, statistical analyses were conducted. Results: Misophonia scores were found to be higher in females than in males but did not correlate with age, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Examining the autistic characteristics reveals that gender, age, and smoking have no effect on the total autism scores. Examining the association between the degree of misophonia and autistic traits reveals that they have a considerable impact on one another. Discussion: Our findings indicate that there is a correlation between the severity of misophonia and autistic traits. However, our limitations and the fact that some of our results differ from those of previous research indicate that additional research is necessary in this area.

Introduction: A number of recent studies have brought attention to the involvement of dietary salt and blood sodium levels in the etiopathogenesis of autism. In our study, by comparing the blood sodium levels of children with autism spectrum disease (ASD) and healthy children, we aimed to shed light on the etiopathogenesis of ASD. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the blood sodium levels obtained from the 4-year follow-up of 84 children (42 with ASD and 42 controls). Results: According to the comparison of blood sodium levels obtained from the 4-year follow-up of children in the ASD and control groups, no significant difference was found between the blood sodium levels of both groups. Discussion: The notion that blood sodium levels influence the progression of autism is novel, and the majority of material on this topic comes from animal trials. The results of the few human-focused studies are controversial. More studies are needed to elucidate the role of blood sodium levels and salt consumption in the etiology of autism.

The purpose of this is to determine the relationships between teachers' quality of work, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. The relational survey model with quantitative research design was used for the study. The sample of the study composed of 368 teachers working in primary schools in the central district of Bolu, Turkey. In the study, the scale of teachers' quality of work; the scale of the turnover intentions and the scale of job satisfaction were used. Parametric tests were used in the research as the data were suitable for normal distribution. According to the findings, teachers' perceptions of the quality of work are moderate in the whole scale in terms of career satisfaction, stress in work life, working conditions, and work-family life balance dimensions and weak in terms of self-control over the work higher than the overall well-being. It is significant that teachers do not have enough self-control over their work. The fact that teachers' perceptions of job satisfaction and turnover intentions are moderate should be considered although the intentions of teachers to leave work are not high. There is a strong positive relationship between all dimensions except for the whole scale of teachers' quality of work and the dimensions of stress in work life and job satisfaction; a moderate negative relationship between the dimensions of stress in work life and job satisfaction; a high level of negative relationship between the scale of quality of work and all dimensions except for the dimensions of stress in work life and the turnover intention; a positive high relationship between the dimensions of stress in work life and turnover intentions. The quality of work and all dimensions are the predictors of job satisfaction and turnover intentions.

This research aims to determine the effect of school administrators' empowering leadership behaviors on teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors. The research population designed in the scanning model consisted of 465 teachers working in primary schools in the city centre of Bolu, and feedback was obtained from 336 teachers. Data were collected using the Empowering Leadership Scale and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour scales. Since the data showed normal distribution, parametric analyses were performed. According to the research results, teachers' perceptions of school administrators' empowering leadership behaviors were high in the scale total and the dimensions of responsibility and support. In contrast, it was medium in terms of empowerment. Teachers' perceptions of organizational citizenship are high in all dimensions, including the total scale of cooperation, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, and civic virtue. There is a positive and highly significant relationship between the total score of the empowering leadership scale and the dimensions of empowerment, responsibility, support, and the total score of the organizational citizenship scale and the dimensions of cooperation, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, and civic virtue. The empowering leadership scale total score and its subdimensions significantly predict the total score of the organizational citizenship scale. According to teacher perceptions, it is noteworthy that school administrators' empowering leadership behaviors are at a moderate level in the dimension of empowerment. Teachers should be empowered within the framework of their responsibilities and participation in the decision process regarding getting things done to increase the empowering leadership behaviors of school administrators to a high level in the empowerment dimension. Schools can delegate important tasks to teachers. In addition, this situation shows that school administrators trust teachers. It can create an environment where teachers can make their own decisions about the job and how it should be done without explaining the job they will do. It would be beneficial for school administrators to exhibit empowering leadership behaviors for teachers to show more effort by exhibiting organizational citizenship behavior.

As a qualitative research method, case study was used in the research carried out to investigate the causes of conflicts in schools, levels and type of conflict, effects of conflict, methods used to solve conflicts. 40 teachers working in 3 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 2 high schools in Yeniçaga district of Bolu, Turkey which constituted the research group of the study, were determined using the criterion sampling technique within the scope of convenience sampling and purposive sampling method. The data were collected through interviews and semistructured interview form and analyzed with content analysis. A medium-level conflict in schools will yield positive results in terms of individual and organizational aspects and therefore increase the effectiveness of schools when considering the positive effects and consequences of conflicts in schools. However, since the increase in the level of conflict can lead to negative individual, interpersonal and organizational outcomes, both teachers and school administrators at schools should have a broad knowledge of conflict and good conflict management skills. In addition, conflict information will minimize the individual, interpersonal and administrative reasons that reveal the conflict. The current study finds the following important and striking results: teachers' weariness and tiredness as a result of conflict, burnout, unwillingness to work, decrease in work efficiency and performance, decrease in organizational commitment, stress and anxiety, loneliness, unhappiness, cynicism, decrease in motivation, unwillingness to come to school, wanting to leave school, disappearance of ethical behaviors, withdrawal, and anger. Besides, one of the most important results of the study is to reveal some elements such as effective communication, fulfillment of duties and responsibilities in a timely manner, organizational fit, behavior of teachers and administrators in accordance with the rules of professional ethics and business ethics, teamwork and cooperation in schools which have no conflict.