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This report presents the outcomes of a sampling strategy and industrial hygiene study specifically designed to characterize the elemental composition and size distribution of dust found in portland cement manufacturing plants. Two sites with differing processing methods were selected to further determine if there were any differences based on dry and wet pyroprocessing. This study found that, during the sampling period, area dust measurements were well below existing Federal levels for respirable dust and that not all dust at a portland cement plant is portland cement. Additional study is warranted to increase the number of data points, perform personal sampling, potentially develop a method for portland cement dust analysis, and/or to derive an adjustment factor when using surrogate exposures for industrial hygiene monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]